Review
Oncology
Alexander Y. Andreev-Drakhlin, Goar Egoryan, Amishi Y. Shah, Pavlos Msaouel, Omar Alhalabi, Jianjun Gao
Summary: Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most common cancer globally, with several new drugs approved for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma in recent years. FDA has approved multiple therapies since 2016, with ongoing clinical studies testing more drugs for potential approval. Precision oncology efforts are advancing understanding of UC biology and leading to more personalized therapy options.
CURRENT OPINION IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Daniele Santini, Giuseppe Luigi Banna, Sebastiano Buti, Luca Isella, Marco Stellato, Michela Roberto, Roberto Iacovelli
Summary: Despite substantial progress in the treatment of advanced UC, there still exist uncertainties regarding the optimal treatment sequence for novel agents and reliable predictive biomarkers to aid treatment selection. There is also a need for effective treatment options in patients unfit for platinum-based chemotherapy.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zishuo Ian Hu, Kian-Huat Lim
Summary: Gallbladder cancer is a rare and aggressive type of biliary tract cancer, and systemic chemotherapy is currently the main treatment option. New treatment options for gallbladder cancer have faced challenges despite decades of research. Most clinical studies have included other types of biliary tract cancers, highlighting the need for specific investigations into clinical trial outcomes for gallbladder cancer.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jean Hoffman-Censits, Laneisha Maldonado
Summary: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate that has been FDA-approved for the treatment of treatment-refractory urothelial cancer. It has shown high activity in patients with poor prognosis, and has a good tolerability profile. Ongoing trials are exploring its use in different disease states and in combination with other agents.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guyu Tang, Jing Liu, Lin Qi, Yuan Li
Summary: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common subtype of bladder and upper urinary tract malignancy. Checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as potential treatment options for UC patients, but are ineffective for some patients. Current research focuses on finding biomarkers for predicting therapeutic effects and exploring novel immune checkpoint molecules.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Vadim S. Koshkin, Nicholas Henderson, Marihella James, Divya Natesan, Dory Freeman, Amanda Nizam, Christopher T. Su, Ali Raza Khaki, Chelsea K. Osterman, Michael J. Glover, Ryan Chiang, Dimitrios Makrakis, Rafee Talukder, Emily Lemke, T. Anders Olsen, Jayanshu Jain, Albert Jang, Alicia Ali, Tanya Jindal, Jonathan Chou, Terence W. Friedlander, Christopher Hoimes, Arnab Basu, Yousef Zakharia, Pedro C. Barata, Mehmet A. Bilen, Hamid Emamekhoo, Nancy B. Davis, Sumit A. Shah, Matthew I. Milowsky, Shilpa Gupta, Matthew T. Campbell, Petros Grivas, Guru P. Sonpavde, Deepak Kilari, Ajjai S. Alva
Summary: Enfortumab vedotin has shown consistent responses in a large retrospective cohort, including patients with variant histology, FGFR3 alterations, and previously excluded patients with comorbidities and low estimated glomerular filtration rates. The drug has been effective in treating a wide range of patient populations, replicating previously reported clinical trial data in a real-world setting.
Article
Immunology
Sandra van Wilpe, Mark A. J. Gorris, Lieke L. van der Woude, Shabaz Sultan, Rutger H. T. Koornstra, Antoine G. van der Heijden, Winald R. Gerritsen, Michiel Simons, I. Jolanda M. de Vries, Niven Mehra
Summary: This study found spatial heterogeneity in advanced urothelial cancer, challenging the use of tumor-infiltrating immune cells as biomarkers for response prediction. Additionally, it suggests a decrease in tumor-infiltrating T cell numbers during chemotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Antonio Vitiello, Francesco Ferrara, Ruggero Lasala, Andrea Zovi
Summary: Therapeutic breakthroughs in urothelial carcinoma have been rapidly developing, but the resistance and prognosis of this disease remain challenging. Understanding new therapeutic perspectives is a priority to introduce new drug models that can counteract the worsening prognosis and unfavorable diagnosis. Treatment-resistant clones are a crucial issue in the care of urothelial carcinoma patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of urothelial cancer and providing an overview of immunotherapies that can be used in the clinical setting to combat the disease are important.
Review
Oncology
Daniel Herchenhorn, Vinicius Freire, Thamires Oliveira, Juliana Tarouquella
Summary: A significant shift in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinomas has occurred in the last three years, with the introduction of new classes of drugs and the development of innovative treatment paradigms, including the use of checkpoint inhibitors and anti-FGFR, anti-nectin-4 inhibitors. Combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and using maintenance immunotherapy after chemotherapy induction, have shown promising results in improving the treatment outcomes of metastatic disease.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Jean-Michel Lavoie, Srikala S. Sridhar, Michael Ong, Scott North, Nimira Alimohamed, Deanna McLeod, Bernhard J. Eigl
Summary: Recent targeted therapy trials have expanded options for ICI sequencing in mUC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy did not improve overall survival in platinum-eligible patients, but ICI monotherapy as switch-maintenance significantly improved overall survival in mUC patients who had achieved at least stable disease following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deborah Schrag, Qian Shi, Martin R. Weiser, Marc J. Gollub, Leonard B. Saltz, Benjamin L. Musher, Joel Goldberg, Tareq Al Baghdadi, Karyn A. Goodman, Robert R. McWilliams, Jeffrey M. Farma, Thomas J. George, Hagen F. Kennecke, Ardaman Shergill, Michael Montemurro, Garth D. Nelson, Brian Colgrove, Vallerie Gordon, Alan P. Venook, Eileen M. O'Reilly, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Amylou C. Dueck, Ethan Basch, George J. Chang, Harvey J. Mamon
Summary: Preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy is as effective as preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer eligible for sphincter-sparing surgery.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Marco Maria Germani, Martina Carullo, Alessandra Boccaccino, Veronica Conca, Gianluca Masi
Summary: This commentary discusses the major findings of immunotherapy activity and efficacy in localized rectal cancer based on microsatellite status. Recent studies have shown promising anti-tumor activity of immunotherapy plus neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy in microsatellite stable localized rectal cancer patients.
Article
Immunology
Jianqiu Kong, Sihong Lu, Long Zhang, Yuhui Yao, Jie Zhang, Zefeng Shen, Mingli Luo, Bin Liu, Junjiong Zheng, Tianxin Lin
Summary: This study confirmed the prognostic value of FMR1 and HNRNPA2B1, and developed a personalized prediction diagnostic model for the response to atezolizumab in patients with urothelial carcinoma, which may aid in making treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Muhammad Awawda, Tarek Taha, Saeed Salman, Salem Billan, Adham Hijab
Summary: This review discusses the treatment evolution of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and highlights the key differences between different strategies. Based on current evidence, distinct patient subgroups are defined and a treatment algorithm is proposed to match their risk.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas Powles, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Guru P. Sonpavde, Yohann Loriot, Ignacio Duran, Jae-Lyun Lee, Nobuaki Matsubara, Christof Vulsteke, Daniel Castellano, Chunzhang Wu, Mary Campbell, Maria Matsangou, Daniel P. Petrylak
Summary: Enfortumab vedotin significantly prolonged survival compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who had previously received platinum-based treatment and a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor, as well as showing better progression-free survival outcomes.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)