Journal
EBIOMEDICINE
Volume 16, Issue -, Pages 238-250Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.040
Keywords
Cardiac cachexia; Heart failure; TNF-alpha; Angiotensin II; Ch25h
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81670358, 81120108003, 81330007]
- Jiangsu Province Key Scientific and Technological Project [BE2016669]
- project for the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
- Suzhou Science and Technology Project [SS201665]
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While angiotensin II (ang II) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac cachexia (CC), the molecules that mediate ang II's wasting effect have not been identified. It is known TNF-alpha level is increased in patients with CC, and TNF-alpha release is triggered by ang II. We therefore hypothesized that ang II induced muscle wasting is mediated by TNF-alpha. Ang II infusion led to skeletal muscle wasting in wild type (WT) but not in TNF alpha type 1 receptor knockout (TNFR1KO) mice, suggesting that ang II induced muscle loss is mediated by TNF-alpha through its type 1 receptor. Microarray analysis identified cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) as the down stream target of TNF-alpha. Intraperitoneal injection of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), the product of Ch25h, resulted inmuscle loss in C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by increased expression of atrogin-1, MuRF1 and suppression of IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway. The identification of 25-OHC as an inducer of muscle wasting has implications for the development of specific treatment strategies in preventing muscle loss. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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