Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
Volume 122, Issue 10, Pages 10408-10420Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017JA024479
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Funding
- LANL Vela Fellowship
- STFC Studentship [1429777]
- RAS grant
- Center for Space and Earth Sciences (CSES) at LANL
- Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (RBSP-ECT) investigation under NASA's [NAS5-01072]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX16AM98G]
- 241 STFC [UCL-MSSL ST/N000722/1]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L001683/1, 1429777, ST/N000722/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- UK Space Agency [ST/N002350/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/N000722/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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In the vicinity of Europa, Galileo observed bursty Alfven-cyclotron wave power at the gyrofrequencies of a number of species including K+, O-2(+), Na+, and Cl+, indicating the localized pickup of these species. Additional evidence for the presence of chlorine was the occurrence of both left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) polarized transverse wave power near the Cl+ gyrofrequency, thought to be due to the pickup of both Cl+ and the easily formed chlorine anion, Cl-. To test this hypothesis, we use one-dimensional hybrid (kinetic ion, massless fluid electron) simulations for both positive and negative pickup ions and self-consistently reproduce the growth of both LH and RH Alfven-cyclotron waves in agreement with linear theory. We show how the simultaneous generation of LH and RH waves can result in nongyrotropic ion distributions and increased wave amplitudes, and how even trace quantities of negative pickup ions are able to generate an observable RH signal. Through comparing simulated and observed wave amplitudes, we are able to place the first constraints on the densities of Chlorine pickup ions in localized regions at Europa.
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