Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Guowei Wang, Shuo Yao, Yiqun Yu, Dong Wei, Fei Di, Xiujuan Bao, Shihong Zhang, Jianjun Liu
Summary: This study uses historical auroral records and archaeomagnetic field models to investigate the relationship between auroras and geomagnetic activity, finding that strong coronal mass ejection (CME) storms are more easily observed in China when magnetic latitude is lower. Both solar maximum and minimum periods have seen significant CME-induced auroral storms occurring, with the study utilizing a space weather modeling framework to analyze the impact of varying geomagnetic fields and solar wind on ion flux and cusp area.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bojan Vrsnak
Summary: The paper focuses on the physical background and comprehension of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and provides analytical and statistical forecasting tools for space weather applications, offering useful insights into the nature of ICMEs.
JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
B. Badruddin, O. P. M. Aslam, M. Derouich
Summary: This study examines the development of strong geomagnetic storms caused by coronal mass ejections in near-Earth space. The time evolution of geomagnetic disturbances is compared with the variation of solar wind plasma and field parameters, focusing on the development of the main phase of the storms. By analyzing geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters with different time resolutions, the time lag between them during the development of the storms is determined.
ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nariaki Nitta, Tamitha Mulligan, Emilia K. J. Kilpua, Benjamin J. Lynch, Marilena Mierla, Jennifer O'Kane, Paolo Pagano, Erika Palmerio, Jens Pomoell, Ian R. Richardson, Luciano Rodriguez, Alexis P. Rouillard, Suvadip Sinha, Nandita Srivastava, Dana-Camelia Talpeanu, Stephanie L. Yardley, Andrei N. Zhukov
Summary: Geomagnetic storms, influenced by coronal mass ejections, can be difficult to predict due to the presence of stealth CMEs with elusive solar signatures, potentially caused by observational limitations or weak coronal features.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
T. E. Berger, M. Dominique, G. Lucas, M. Pilinski, V. Ray, R. Sewell, E. K. Sutton, J. P. Thayer, E. Thiemann
Summary: On February 3, 2022, SpaceX launched 49 Starlink satellites, with 38 of them re-entering the atmosphere around February 7, 2022 due to unexpectedly high atmospheric drag. By analyzing empirical models and data from solar extreme ultraviolet occultation and high-fidelity accelerometers, it was found that the thermospheric density at 210 km was significantly higher after consecutive geomagnetic storms caused by solar eruptions. The study also revealed the potential impact of extreme geomagnetic storms on satellite orbital systems and emphasized the need for comprehensive models and real-time data for future storm prevention.
SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rositsa Miteva, Mohamed Nedal, Susan W. Samwel, Manuela Temmer
Summary: In this study, correlations between the intensity of geomagnetic storms (GS) and solar and interplanetary (IP) phenomena parameters were examined. Three-dimensional geometry reconstructions of geo-effective coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were also performed using the PyThea framework, with a focus on the reliability of the de-projection capabilities. Different models for CME reconstruction and observer subjectivity led to large variations in the de-projections of CME speeds. The combination of fast speed and frontal orientation of the magnetic structure upon reaching the terrestrial magnetosphere proved to be the best indicator for GS strength. More accurate estimations of geometry and directivity, as well as de-projected speeds, are crucial for GS forecasting in operational space weather schemes.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marcia Neugebauer, Alphonse C. Sterling
Summary: The study found a high correlation between microstreams and switchbacks in the magnetic field during periods of minimum solar activity, suggesting that microstreams may be the result of the alternation of patches of switchbacks and quiet periods. This alternation could be caused by minifilament/flux rope eruptions that lead to coronal jets.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bendict Lawrance, Harim Lee, Eunsu Park, Il-Hyun Cho, Yong-Jae Moon, Jin-Yi Lee, A. Shanmugaraju, Sumiaya Rahman
Summary: Through deep learning technology, white-light images similar to those from the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory K-coronagraph were generated, successfully identifying low coronal features such as polar coronal holes and solar eruptions.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chaoran Gu, Verena Heidrich-Meisner, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Shuo Yao
Summary: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are dynamic events where plasma is ejected into interplanetary space. By studying interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), we can gain insights into the temperature profile of the corona.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Aarti Fulara, Ryun-Young Kwon
Summary: The study reveals a speed inconsistency between extreme ultraviolet waves and type II radio bursts, whereas CME speeds show better correlation with type II radio bursts. Additionally, type II speeds tend to be much greater than those of EUV waves, suggesting an intrinsic tendency for speed inconsistency in coronal shock waves.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rui Wang, Ying D. Liu, Xiaowei Zhao, Huidong Hu
Summary: Small-scale eruptions observed by the Solar Orbiter spacecraft indicate that they may play a significant role in coronal heating, solar energetic particle generation, and solar wind mass source. Captured observations show that a mini coronal dimming event is caused by a minifilament eruption, which also exhibits similar features as SEP events. The released magnetic free energy is estimated to be of the order of 10^27 erg. This suggests that weak magnetic constraints from low-altitude background fields may be a general condition for quiet-Sun eruptions, providing a possible mechanism for the transport of coronal material and energy.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. W. Good, L. M. Hatakka, M. Ala-Lahti, J. E. Soljento, A. Osmane, E. K. J. Kilpua
Summary: Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) exhibit fluctuations in magnetic field and velocity at different scales, with the cross helicity serving as a measure of the balance between these fluctuations. Observations show that ICME flux ropes and sheaths at 1 au have varying levels of cross helicity, suggesting dynamic equilibrium influenced by solar activity.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jennifer O'Kane, Cecilia Mac Cormack, Cristina H. Mandrini, Pascal Demoulin, Lucie M. Green, David M. Long, Gherardo Valori
Summary: Research on stealth coronal mass ejections (CMEs) indicates that the physics of these events is similar to other CMEs, despite their weak observational signatures. Magnetic reconnection plays a key role in aiding the eruption of stealth CMEs and influencing the evolution of structures before and after the eruption.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. Kay, T. Nieves-Chinchilla
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive description of the interplanetary evolution of CMEs using the ANTEATR-PARADE model, highlighting the importance of thermal and magnetic model parameterization over initial temperature or magnetic field strength for fast CMEs. Different parameters impact the predictions differently, with thermal forces playing a more crucial role for weaker CMEs and magnetic forces being more significant for stronger CMEs. Critical parameters for space weather predictions include CME mass, initial magnetic field strength, adiabatic index, and axial magnetic field strength profile.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. A. Melkumyan, A. Belov, N. S. Shlyk, M. A. Abunina, A. A. Abunin, V. A. Oleneva, V. G. Yanke
Summary: This study compares Forbush decrease (FD) profiles for different events, including AR CMEs, non-AR CMEs, and HSSs from CHs. The statistical properties of time parameters depend on the FD source and solar activity period. FDs associated with AR CMEs develop faster than non-AR CMEs and HSS from CHs. Differences between typical FD profiles are more significant when the interplanetary disturbance contains a magnetic cloud. The differences between AR and non-AR CMEs are less distinguishable during maximum SC 24.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Daniel T. Welling, Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Denny M. Oliveira, Colin M. Komar, Steven K. Morley
Summary: In this study, estimates for an interplanetary coronal mass ejection were used to drive a model of geospace and the results showed similar responses to previous studies but with deviations at the equator. The physics-based simulation yielded more accurate estimates of the geospace response to such an event.
SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sean Bruinsma, Claude Boniface, Eric K. Sutton, Mariangel Fedrizzi
Summary: The study assessed neutral density models under geomagnetic storm conditions and compared their performance in 13 storms. The numerical models showed reduced performance during storms, but certain models performed well over the entire storm event.
JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Jones, E. K. Sutton, J. T. Emmert, D. E. Siskind, D. P. Drob
Summary: This study quantifies the impact of MLT oxygen chemical processes on the global thermosphere-ionosphere semiannual oscillation and finds that while chemistry has some effect on O in the MLT region, changes in odd oxygen and odd hydrogen chemical rates are offset by adjustments in local transport processes, rendering their effects inconsequential to the global T-I SAO.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ankush Bhaskar, David Sibeck, Shrikanth G. Kanekal, Howard J. Singer, Geoffrey Reeves, Denny M. Oliveira, Suk-Bin Kang, Colin Komar
Summary: This study investigated the radiation belt response to a fast reverse shock (FRS) impact for the first time, showing that even FRSs can significantly affect the radiation belts. The clearest signatures were observed in the dusk-midnight sector.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hisashi Hayakawa, Denny M. Oliveira, Margaret A. Shea, Don F. Smart, Sean P. Blake, Kentaro Hattori, Ankush T. Bhaskar, Juan J. Curto, Daniel R. Franco, Yusuke Ebihara
Summary: In late March 1940, there were at least five significant solar flares that likely launched interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and caused one of the largest storm sudden commencements (SSCs) since 1868. These events had significant societal impacts and pose potential space weather hazards. The analysis of this historical event provides insights into possible serious space weather hazards and serves as a quantitative basis for future analyses and predictions.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chin S. Lin, Eric K. Sutton, Wenbin Wang, Xuguang Cai, Guiping Liu, Carl J. Henney, David L. Cooke
Summary: This article reports in situ electron density measurements of a SED event in the Northern Hemisphere, providing rare documentation about the dayside SED's life cycle. The observations show that the SED electron density enhancement extends from the equatorial ionization anomaly to the noon cusp, and the midlatitude electron density reaches its maximum at the end of the growth phase. Simulations indicate that the dayside midlatitude electron density enhancement has a complicated dependence on various factors.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
James M. Weygand, Eftyhia Zesta, Akira Kadokura, Denny M. Oliveira
Summary: This study identifies nearly 1,000 onsets and reveals differences in onset time between the northern and southern hemispheres. Statistical analysis shows that these differences are most prominent during the summer and winter seasons and when IMF By value is limited between 0.5 and 2.5 nT.
FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shaylah M. Mutschler, Penina Axelrad, Eric K. Sutton, Dallas Masters
Summary: This study aims to improve global thermospheric density estimation by utilizing a physics-based space environment model and precise GPS-based orbit estimates of LEO CubeSats. The method is demonstrated using 10 Spire Global CubeSats, but it has potential to exploit data already collected on large LEO constellations. By comparing the estimated density to HASDM and Swarm mission derived density, it is shown that the estimated density is within 35% of HASDM during storm-time conditions, and the propagation using the estimated density outperforms HASDM and NRLMSISE-00.
SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
F. I. Laskar, E. K. Sutton, D. Lin, K. R. Greer, S. Aryal, X. Cai, N. M. Pedatella, R. W. Eastes, W. Wang, M. V. Codrescu, W. E. McClintock
Summary: Thermospheric conditions during a minor geomagnetic event on 3 and 4 February 2022 were investigated using observations from the GOLD mission and model simulations. The GOLD mission observed a temperature increase of more than 60 K during the storm event compared to quiet days. Comparison with model simulations showed that MAGE performed better than MSIS2 during this event, with MAGE underestimating the effective temperature by about 2% and MSIS2 underestimating it by 7%.
SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
T. E. Berger, M. Dominique, G. Lucas, M. Pilinski, V. Ray, R. Sewell, E. K. Sutton, J. P. Thayer, E. Thiemann
Summary: On February 3, 2022, SpaceX launched 49 Starlink satellites, with 38 of them re-entering the atmosphere around February 7, 2022 due to unexpectedly high atmospheric drag. By analyzing empirical models and data from solar extreme ultraviolet occultation and high-fidelity accelerometers, it was found that the thermospheric density at 210 km was significantly higher after consecutive geomagnetic storms caused by solar eruptions. The study also revealed the potential impact of extreme geomagnetic storms on satellite orbital systems and emphasized the need for comprehensive models and real-time data for future storm prevention.
SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jeffrey P. P. Thayer, Zachary C. C. Waldron, Eric K. K. Sutton
Summary: The study investigates the mass density of the upper thermosphere during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The day-to-night ratio (DNR) of thermosphere properties is used to evaluate the relative change between day and night. CHAMP observations, MSIS 2.0 output, and TIEGCM V2.0 simulations are analyzed to assess their response in DNR. CHAMP observations show that nightside densities decrease more significantly than dayside densities as solar flux decreases. MSIS 2.0 displays the same trend as CHAMP, while TIEGCM V2.0 shows an opposite trend. The sensitivity analysis reveals differences in temperature and mean molecular weight between the two models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Denny M. Oliveira, Daniel T. Welling, Hyomin Kim, Christine E. Gabrielse, Jone Peter Reistad, Karl Laundal
FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Denny M. Oliveira
Summary: Interplanetary shocks are disturbances in the solar wind that can cause various space weather effects on Earth. The angle at which these shocks impact Earth has been shown to significantly influence their geoeffectiveness. This mini review aims to summarize the progress made since a previous review by Oliveira and Samsonov (2018) on shock impact angles and geomagnetic activity, as well as provide suggestions for future research.
FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Denny M. Oliveira
FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
B. Nilam, S. Tulasi Ram, M. Ankita, Denny M. Oliveira, A. P. Dimri
Summary: Interplanetary shocks have significant effects on Earth's magnetospheric and ionospheric current systems, particularly on the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ). This study investigates the factors that control the variations in EEJ and derives an empirical relation to predict the change in EEJ during the arrival of interplanetary shocks.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2023)