Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Clara Portwood, Harriet Sexton, Mary Kumarendran, Zoe Brandon, Shona Kirtley, Joris Hemelaar
Summary: This study evaluated the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to ART-naive WLHIV and HIV-negative women. The findings showed that WLHIV receiving ART had a lower risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and other adverse perinatal outcomes compared to ART-naive WLHIV. However, they still had a higher risk of these outcomes compared to HIV-negative women.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Harriet Sexton, Mary Kumarendran, Zoe Brandon, Christine Shi, Shona Kirtley, Joris Hemelaar
Summary: There is an association between the timing of ART initiation during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Starting ART before pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. In low- and middle-income countries, the timing of ART initiation has no significant association with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ruojing Bai, Juan Du, Shiyun Lv, Wei Hua, Lili Dai, Hao Wu
Summary: Rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been compared with standard/delayed treatment for HIV patients in terms of benefits and risks. The results show that Rapid ART is superior to standard/delayed treatment in providing continuous care for at least 8 months and reducing the risk of severe bacterial infection. However, at 12 months following treatment, there is no significant difference in viral load, mortality, or the incidence of adverse events compared with standard/delayed treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
O. T. Van Gerwen, M. C. Craig-Kuhn, A. T. Jones, J. A. Schroeder, J. Deaver, P. Buekens, P. J. Kissinger, C. A. Muzny
Summary: This study shows a significant association between trichomoniasis in pregnant women and adverse birth outcomes, including preterm delivery, low birthweight, and prelabour rupture of membranes. Rigorous studies are needed to further investigate the impact of universal trichomoniasis screening and treatment during pregnancy on reducing perinatal morbidity.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Samantha Green, Marina Politis, Kathrine S. Rallis, Alba Saenz de Villaverde Cortabarria, Athina Efthymiou, Nicoleta Mureanu, Kathryn V. Dalrymple, Cristiano Scotta, Giovanna Lombardi, Rachel M. Tribe, Kypros H. Nicolaides, Panicos Shangaris
Summary: Lower levels of regulatory T cells in maternal peripheral blood during pregnancy are associated with pre-eclampsia, while further research is needed to confirm the relationship between low Tregs and preterm birth. The precise mechanisms by which Tregs may mediate pre-eclampsia and PTB remain unclear, highlighting the need for additional fundamental research in this area.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sukainah Al Khalaf, Elizabeth Bodunde, Gillian M. Maher, Eilis J. O'Reilly, Fergus P. McCarthy, Michelle M. O'Shaughnessy, Sinead M. O'Neill, Ali S. Khashan
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between chronic kidney disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The results showed that women with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and small for gestational age babies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yutong Han, Xiaotong Gao, Xichang Wang, Chenyu Zhang, Boshen Gong, Bingcong Peng, Jiashu Li, Aihua Liu, Zhongyan Shan
Summary: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the relationship between isolated hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes was examined. The findings suggest that isolated hypothyroxinemia is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes, macrosomia, and fetal distress. However, it remains uncertain whether levothyroxine treatment can mitigate these adverse outcomes.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Xuping Gao, Wanze Ni, Sui Zhu, Yanxin Wu, Yunfeng Cui, Junrong Ma, Yanhua Liu, Jinlong Qiao, Yanbin Ye, Pan Yang, Chaoqun Liu, Fangfang Zeng
Summary: The study findings suggest that exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, while PFAS exposure may be linked to the risk of miscarriage and preeclampsia. More research is needed to confirm these findings due to limited evidence for most associations.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Laura Saint-Lary, Justine Benevent, Christine Damase-Michel, Christophe Vayssiere, Valeriane Leroy, Agnes Sommet
Summary: In this study, the researchers conducted a systematic review on the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to protease inhibitors (PI) based antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) based ART. The findings showed no significant association between prenatal exposure to PIs and most adverse perinatal outcomes, except for a significantly increased risk of very small for gestational age (VSGA).
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicola Heslehurst, Lem Ngongalah, Theophile Bigirumurame, Giang Nguyen, Adefisayo Odeniyi, Angela Flynn, Vikki Smith, Lisa Crowe, Becky Skidmore, Laura Gaudet, Alexandre Simon, Louise Hayes
Summary: Maternal obesity increases pregnancy-related risks, and additional care should be provided to women with a BMI >= 30 kg/m(2). This systematic review identifies early pregnancy measures of adiposity, such as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, that are associated with adverse maternal health outcomes and can be used to predict pregnancy risks.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Abdullah Mamun, Tuhin Biswas, James Scott, Peter D. Sly, H. David McIntyre, Karen Thorpe, Frances M. Boyle, Marloes N. Dekker, Suhail Doi, Murray Mitchell, Keith McNeil, Alka Kothari, Leah Hardiman, Leonie Kaye Callaway
Summary: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on health, particularly on pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that exposure to ACEs increased the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Imogen Cowdell, Katharina Beck, Clara Portwood, Harriet Sexton, Mary Kumarendran, Zoe Brandon, Shona Kirtley, Joris Hemelaar
Summary: This study assessed the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV receiving protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (PI-ART) and compared the risks associated with different PI-ART regimens. The meta-analyses showed that PI-ART was associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and very SGA (VSGA), but not preterm birth (PTB) or other perinatal outcomes. There were no significant differences in perinatal outcomes between different PI-ART regimens.
Review
Surgery
Maria C. Cusimano, Jessica Liu, Paymon Azizi, Jonathan Zipursky, Katrina Sajewycz, Jess Sussman, Teruko Kishibe, Eric Wong, Sarah E. Ferguson, Rohan D'Souza, Nancy N. Baxter
Summary: The study aimed to quantify the absolute risks of adverse fetal outcomes and maternal mortality following nonobstetric abdominopelvic surgery in pregnancy. The overall pooled proportions of fetal loss, preterm birth, and maternal mortality were found to be 2.8%, 9.7%, and 0.04% respectively. The risks of adverse fetal outcomes varied with gestational age and indication for surgery.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Luo, Youyi Fong, Debi Boeras, Ilesh Jani, Lara Vojnov
Summary: This study aimed to compare the clinical effect of point-of-care HIV testing versus laboratory-based testing in HIV-exposed infants. The results showed that point-of-care testing significantly shortened the time to result delivery, time to antiretroviral therapy initiation, and increased the proportion of HIV-positive infants starting antiretroviral therapy within 60 days compared with standard of care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tiechao Ruan, Yan Yue, Wenting Lu, Ruixi Zhou, Tao Xiong, Yin Jiang, Junjie Ying, Jun Tang, Jing Shi, Hua Wang, Guoguang Xiao, Jinhui Li, Yi Qu, Dezhi Mu
Summary: Exposure to low ambient temperature during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Pregnant women in late pregnancy and those exposed to extremely low temperatures are more likely to experience preterm births. Pregnant women living in medium or hot areas and Asians and Blacks are more susceptible to the effects of low ambient temperature than those in cold areas and Caucasians.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Maria C. Cardenas, Samyd S. Bustos, Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga, Lynne Mofenson, Rana Chakraborty
Summary: Children may have milder symptoms of COVID-19 and can also be asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, while severe disease is more common in infants. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an important condition to be recognized. Individualized decisions on antiviral or immunomodulatory therapy should be made based on the clinical scenario.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jean B. Nachega, Nadia A. Sam-Agudu, Samantha Budhram, Taha E. Taha, Valerie Vannevel, Priya Somapillay, Daniel Katuashi Ishoso, Michel Tshiasuma Pipo, Christian Bongo-Pasi Nswe, John Ditekemena, Birhanu T. Ayele, Rhoderick N. Machekano, Onesmus W. Gachuno, John Kinuthia, Nancy Mwongeli, Musa Sekikubo, Philippa Musoke, Evans Kofi Agbeno, Lawal W. Umar, Mukanire Ntakwinja, Denis M. Mukwege, Emily R. Smith, Eduard J. Mills, John Otokoye Otshudiema, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Jean-Marie N. Kayembe, Don Jethro Mavungu Landu, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Alimuddin Zumla, Eduard J. Langenegger, Lynne M. Mofenson
Summary: In the African context, there is a lack of data on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in pregnancy, highlighting the need for research to assess the impact of coinfections and develop evidence-based policies. Multicountry surveillance and cohort studies are necessary to understand the burden of SARS-CoV-2 among pregnant women in Africa and improve knowledge of COVID-19 manifestations in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
A. F. Fagbamigbe, F. F. Oyinlola, O. M. Morakinyo, A. S. Adebowale, O. S. Fagbamigbe, A. O. Uthman
Summary: Diarrhoea is a significant health issue among under-five children in LMIC, with higher prevalence in rural areas. This study analyzed data from 57 LMIC countries and found that individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors play crucial roles in explaining rural-non-rural inequalities in diarrhoea development. Targeted and sustainable intervention measures tailored to specific country needs could help reduce these inequalities.
Article
Pediatrics
Jean B. Nachega, Nadia A. Sam-Agudu, Rhoderick N. Machekano, Helena Rabie, Marieke M. van der Zalm, Andrew Redfern, Angela Dramowski, Natasha O'Connell, Michel Tshiasuma Pipo, Marc B. Tshilanda, Liliane Nsuli Byamungu, Refiloe Masekela, Prakash Mohan Jeena, Ashendri Pillay, Onesmus W. Gachuno, John Kinuthia, Daniel Katuashi Ishoso, Emmanuella Amoako, Elizabeth Agyare, Evans K. Agbeno, Charles Martyn-Dickens, Justice Sylverken, Anthony Enimil, Aishatu Mohammed Jibril, Asara M. Abdullahi, Oma Amadi, Umar Mohammed Umar, Lovemore Nyasha Sigwadhi, Michel P. Hermans, John Otshudiema Otokoye, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Alimuddin Zumla, Nelson K. Sewankambo, Hellen Tukamuhebwa Aanyu, Philippa Musoke, Fatima Suleman, Prisca Adejumo, Emilia Noormahomed, Richard J. Deckelbaum, Mary Glenn Fowler, Leon Tshilolo, Gerald Smith, Edward J. Mills, Lawal W. Umar, Mark J. Siedner, Mariana Kruger, Philip J. Rosenthal, John W. Mellors, Lynne M. Mofenson
Summary: This study assessed the clinical outcomes and factors associated with outcomes among children and adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19 in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed high morbidity and mortality rates among infants and patients with noncommunicable disease comorbidities in the region. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination and therapeutic interventions are needed for young populations in this region.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Olalekan Abdulrahman Uthman, Abimbola Ayorinde, Oyinlola Oyebode, Jo Sartori, Paramjit Gill, R. J. Lilford
Summary: This study provides estimates of prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in urban slums, and compares them with urban and rural areas. The burden of these conditions varies widely between countries and regions, as well as within countries.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Elias M. A. Militao, Elsa M. Salvador, Olalekan A. Uthman, Stig Vinberg, Gloria Macassa
Summary: Food insecurity is a major cause of malnutrition and is associated with negative health outcomes in low and middle-income countries. This review of 14 studies found that food insecurity is mainly associated with hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, depression, and increased risk of HIV acquisition in southern Africa. Future research is needed to address and improve food insecurity and health outcomes in the region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mustapha S. Abba, Chidozie U. Nduka, Seun Anjorin, Olalekan A. Uthman
Summary: This study using data from the 2016 Albania Demographic Health and Survey (DHS) found a significant association between household air pollution and hypertension, particularly among women, rural residents, and participants aged >24 years.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fatima Abdulaziz Sule, Olalekan A. Uthman, Emmanuel Olawale Olamijuwon, Nchelem Kokomma Ichegbo, Ifeanyi C. Mgbachi, Babasola Okusanya, Olusesan Ayodeji Makinde
Summary: The application of a gender lens is crucial in addressing vulnerability and resilience in maternal and child health. This scoping review identified six key gendered dimensions of vulnerability and resilience, providing insights for the design and implementation of effective maternal and child health programs in low-income and middle-income countries.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mubarak Patel, Salim Abatcha, Olalekan Abdulrahman Uthman
Summary: Cardiovascular disease has worse outcomes in ethnic minorities, especially South Asians, compared to the prevailing white ethnic group in developed countries. This article outlines a systematic literature review protocol to investigate the inequalities in cardiovascular disease outcomes between South Asian and white Caucasian ethnic groups.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Elias M. A. Militao, Elsa M. Salvador, Jose P. Silva, Olalekan A. Uthman, Stig Vinberg, Gloria Macassa
Summary: Food insecurity is a significant issue in Mozambique, with many households resorting to various coping strategies. The perception of health among food-insecure households is negatively affected, highlighting the importance of creating employment opportunities, empowering women, and implementing appropriate policies and programs to alleviate this problem.
Article
Pediatrics
Tawa O. Olukade, Olalekan A. Uthman
Summary: In Sub-Saharan African countries, neonates from uneducated women are twice as likely to die following cesarean section delivery compared to neonates from educated women. This highlights the importance of improving education and socio-economic conditions in reducing neonatal and child mortality.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olusesan Ayodeji Makinde, Olalekan A. Uthman, Ifeanyi C. Mgbachi, Nchelem Kokomma Ichegbo, Fatima Abdulaziz Sule, Emmanuel O. Olamijuwon, Babasola O. Okusanya
Summary: This study aimed to identify and synthesize prevailing definitions and indices of vulnerability in maternal, new-born, and child health (MNCH) research and health programs in low- and middle-income countries. The study included 61 publications, and the definitions used in the studies were categorized into three domains: biological, socioeconomic, and environmental. It was found that more attention was paid to new-born/child vulnerability than maternal vulnerability, and a new definition was proposed to improve the description of vulnerability in MNCH.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elias M. A. Militao, Olalekan A. Uthman, Elsa M. Salvador, Stig Vinberg, Gloria Macassa
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors in southern Mozambique. The findings revealed that 79% of households in the rural area were food insecure, with low-income households, less educated heads, and those engaged in informal work being more prone to food insecurity. These results highlight the importance of joint efforts from government, the private sector, and international institutions to provide decent work opportunities and alleviate household food insecurity and malnutrition in Mozambique.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mustapha S. Abba, Chidozie U. Nduka, Seun Anjorin, Fatima H. Zanna, Olalekan A. Uthman
Summary: This study used data from 138 countries to analyze the correlation between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of hypertension. The findings showed that an increase in unemployment rate was associated with an increase in the prevalence of hypertension, while an increase in the percentage of urban population was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of hypertension.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mustapha Abba, Chidozie Nduka, Seun Anjorin, Shukri Mohamed, Emmanuel Agogo, Olalekan Uthman
Summary: This study used topic modeling to uncover hidden topics and subtopics from 100 years of hypertension publications, identifying temporal trends. Most articles had negative valency, with positive and neutral valency articles increasing between 1980 and 2000. The research also found that the majority of topics can be grouped into preclinical, epidemiology, complications, and treatment-related studies categories.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)