Review
Anesthesiology
Johannes Grand, Olav W. Nielsen, Jacob Eifer Moller, Christian Hassager, Janus Christian Jakobsen
Summary: Acute heart failure is a common and serious condition, and the use of vasodilators in its treatment is controversial. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of vasodilators in the treatment of acute heart failure, providing clinicians with evidence-based recommendations.
ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Paul Y. Kwo, Tushar Patel
Summary: Clinical trials are crucial for advancing new therapies for liver diseases and adapting to emerging capabilities and external forces. The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted changes in clinical trial operations and opportunities for innovation in hepatology trials. Technological advances will drive future trials, incorporating digital capabilities and expanded data collection, computing, and analytics. Innovative trial designs and broader participant engagement will shape trial conduct, along with evolving regulatory needs and new stakeholders. The evolution of clinical trials presents unique opportunities to improve the lives of patients with liver diseases.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Onur Cil, Xiaolan Chen, Henry R. Askew Page, Samuel N. Baldwin, Maria C. Jordan, Pyone Myat Thwe, Marc O. Anderson, Peter M. Haggie, Iain A. Greenwood, Kenneth P. Roos, Alan S. Verkman
Summary: Pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A can effectively reduce blood pressure in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and produce significant effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kameel Kassab, Ahmed Al-Ogaili, Saurabh Malhotra
Summary: Ischemic ECG changes during vasodilator stress testing, even with normal MPI, may indicate severe coronary artery disease. Further evaluation is necessary to determine the extent of CAD in such cases.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Le-Rademacher, Heather Gunn, Xiaoxi Yao, Daniel J. Schaid
Summary: Clinical trials are important for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new interventions. Traditional explanatory trials focus on exploring the biological causes and effects, while pragmatic trials consider real-world conditions and aim to optimize interventions in diverse clinical practices. It is essential to maintain scientific rigor, increase trial efficiency, ensure generalizability of results, and address health disparities through technology and decentralized approaches.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
W. Watson Buchanan, Colin A. Kean, K. D. Rainsford, Walter F. Kean
Summary: A clinical trial is a research method that investigates the therapeutic intervention's efficacy, both short-term and long-lasting, as well as its potential toxicity. The history of clinical trials can be traced back to Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar's court around 600 BC, as described in the Book of Daniel. However, it is in the past 500 years that significant written documentation and interpretation of therapeutic benefits have been made. Examples such as Lind's demonstration on the effectiveness of oranges and lemons for scurvy treatment in 1747, and Edward Jenner's unethical experiment on inoculation in 1796, showcase the importance of clinical trials. Ethical considerations, rigorous clinical observations, statistics, scientific purity of therapeutic agents, and safety testing have contributed to the foundation of modern clinical trials.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Amadeo-Jose Wals-Rodriguez, Maria-Jose Rodriguez-Puras, Rocio Garcia-Orta, Juan Robledo, Eduardo Moreno, Carmen Federero, Rocio Camacho, Begona Manso, Nuria Hernandez, Jose Maria Cubero, Raquel Ladron Abia, Pilar Cejudo Ramos, Antonio Ordonez, Pastora Gallego
Summary: The study found that the survival rate of adults with PAH-CHD receiving vasodilator treatment was 65%, with the highest mortality rate in the pre-tricuspid group. Older age was associated with higher risk of death, and predictors of poor outcome included pericardial effusion, oxygen saturation, and genetic syndromes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shirley V. Wang, Sebastian Schneeweiss, RCT-DUPLICATE Initiative
Summary: Nonrandomized studies using insurance claims databases can provide real-world evidence on the effectiveness of medical products. By emulating the design parameters of randomized clinical trials and quantifying the agreement between database studies and RCTs, this study highlights the importance of closely replicating trial design and measurements for reliable conclusions.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Gregory S. Calip, Trevor J. Royce
Summary: This study investigates the representativeness of US lymphoma clinical trials by comparing the race/ethnicity, sex, and geographic region of participants with those in disease registries. The findings reveal inequities in clinical trial representation and emphasize the need for improved diversity in practice-changing trials.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shreya Asher, Ronny Priefer
Summary: This article reviews the history of clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease and analyzes the reasons for their failures.
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eduardo F. Motti
Summary: This is a letter to the editor.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Peter Ott, Aftab Ala, Frederick K. Askari, Anna Czlonkowska, Ralf-Dieter Hilgers, Aurelia Poujois, Eve A. Roberts, Thomas Damgaard Sandahl, Karl Heinz Weiss, Peter Ferenci, Michael L. Schilsky
Summary: Improving the design and standardization of clinical trials for Wilson's disease is essential for better treatment comparisons and reducing the number of patients needed per trial in the future.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elliot B. Tapper, Marina Serper, David S. Goldberg
Summary: Patients with chronic liver disease can benefit from pragmatic trial designs, which aim to provide evidence for the adoption of interventions in real-world clinical practice. The efficiency of identifying, recruiting, and following patients, the resemblance of interventions and design to usual clinical care, and the importance of outcomes to patients are key factors in determining the pragmatism of a trial. This review focuses on the promise, trade-offs, and purpose of pragmatic trials in hepatology.
Review
Cell Biology
Eduarda Ribeiro, Barbara Costa, Francisco Vasques-Novoa, Nuno Vale
Summary: Drug repurposing searches for new therapeutic uses for approved drugs. In cancer, vasodilators have shown potential as a targeted treatment option. These drugs relax blood vessels, increasing blood flow to tumors and improving drug delivery. They also have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cancer cells. However, further research is needed on their mechanisms of action and optimal dosing for patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rita Nogueiras-Alvarez
Summary: With the trend towards promoting personalised medicine, the application of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics is becoming increasingly important. Clinical trials that include pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic information can improve knowledge about the effectiveness and safety of new drugs, with a focus on areas such as oncology and mental health. Training in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics is necessary for researchers and clinicians to properly interpret the data and contribute to better prescribing decisions and patient care, ultimately leading to the implementation of personalised medicine.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
