Review
Optics
Yuantai Li, Shaoning Geng, Leshi Shu, Yan Li, Ping Jiang
Summary: Thick-section steel is widely used in large structural applications due to its high strength, good toughness, and low cost. Ultra-high-power laser welding (UHPLW) offers a new approach for manufacturing large thick-section steel structures by providing deep penetration. However, UHPLW of thick-section steel faces welding defects and challenges related to microstructure and mechanical properties. This review aims to introduce UHPLW technology, discuss defects prevention methods, and address the impact of microstructure on mechanical properties, providing future research perspectives for high-quality welded joints of thick-section steel.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yunxia Chen, Xiao Xu, Yanjing Liu, Haichao Cui
Summary: This study compares the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of 16-mm-thick HSLA Q890 steel joints produced by multi-layer multi-pass shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with filler wire and single-layer autogenous laser beam welding (LBW). The results show that LBW joint has higher ultimate tensile strength and percent elongation (973.5 MPa and 10%) than SMAW joint (951 MPa and 2.9%) due to filler filling process. The Charpy impact energy of the weld metal is lower than that of the heat-affected zone in both LBW and SMAW joints.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Eva S. Marques, Antonio B. Pereira, Francisco J. G. Silva
Summary: In order to reduce waste and undesirable costs, it is important to establish quality plans that ensure product conformity and address the root causes of welding defects. This study focused on dual phase (DP) steels, which are commonly used in the automotive industry, and developed a quality plan for laser welding DP steel components. The quality plan includes pre-welding, during and post-welding stages, and the mechanical properties of the welded components were also assessed. The findings suggest that DP steel has good weldability except for the softening of the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the growth of martensite in the fusion zone (FZ), and analysis techniques such as finite element method (FEM), visual techniques during welding, and digital image correlation (DIC) for post-weld analysis can help prevent failures.
Article
Optics
Ruolin Wu, Yu Huang, Jiajun Xu, Youmin Rong, Quan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the residual stress in different materials welded joints through finite element method and experiments, and found that material compatibility affects the residual stress. The results are helpful for evaluating the integrity of welded joints and controlling potential risks.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ivan Bunaziv, Cato Dorum, Steen Erik Nielsen, Pasi Suikkanen, Xiaobo Ren, Bard Nyhus, Magnus Eriksson, Odd M. Akselsen
Summary: The study focuses on the application of single-pass laser beam welding for steel components with wall thickness > 10 mm, investigating the causes and solutions of root humping. Experimental results show successful welding of different thickness plates under various process parameters, achieving good root quality by using a small air gap.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianmin Li, Ping Jiang, Shaoning Geng, Jinhong Xiong
Summary: This study quantitatively investigated the improvement of porosity during adjustable-ring-mode laser welding of aluminum alloys and analyzed keyhole dynamics and porosity formation mechanisms. Experimental results indicate that porosity can be significantly reduced with the compounding of a ring laser beam over the Gaussian beam. Simulation results demonstrate two mechanisms that work synergistically to suppress porosity. This work has important theoretical and practical implications for porosity suppression during laser welding of aluminum alloys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jaewoong Kim, Changmin Pyo, Yonghyun Kim, Sungwook Kang, Taegon Yeo, Kwangsan Chun, Du-Song Kim
Summary: This study aims to analyze the optimal conditions for laser butt welding of 9% nickel steel, discussing how to overcome the issues of arc deflection caused by its magnetization tendency and the expensive filler metal.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guowei Zhang, Feihu Yu
Summary: This study utilized the ultra-narrow gap fiber laser conduction welding method to weld thick stainless steel plates and achieved high-strength defect-free butt welding. This welding method for thick metals is relatively rare in literature.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruolin Wu, Yu Huang, Youmin Rong, Jiajun Xu
Summary: This study systematically investigates the inhomogeneous residual stress distribution and evolution of thick plate in single-pass full penetration laser welding using a phase transformation model. A material constitutive model considering solid-state phase transformation is proposed to predict the inhomogeneous stress distribution of the welded joint. The results show that there is an obvious inhomogeneous distribution of temperature field and high stress areas and gradients in the welded joint. Martensitic transformation is found to be the main reason for the inhomogeneous stress distribution. This research is beneficial in mitigating the detrimental effects of welding-induced inhomogeneous residual stress on thick plate welded joints.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunxia Chen, Yanjing Liu, Chenxi Chen, Haichao Cui
Summary: This investigation evaluates the metallurgical and mechanical properties of high-speed fiber laser welded thick Q890 high strength low alloy steel. The results demonstrate that lower heat input laser welding with filling metal reduces the size of the hardening and softening zone, while the tensile properties meet the standard requirement.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiuxing Tang, Lei Shi, Chuansong Wu, Mingxiao Wu
Summary: Medium-thick Al and Cu plates are commonly used in the power industry. It is difficult to achieve high-quality dissimilar joints due to the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a suitable technique for joining dissimilar metals, but it reduces joint properties for medium-thick plates. A novel double-side friction stir Z shape butt-lap welding (DS-FSZW) is proposed to join medium-thick Al/Cu dissimilar plates, which can effectively increase the mechanical properties of the joints compared to DS-FSW.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
O. Ustundag, N. Bakir, S. Gook, A. Gumenyuk, M. Rethmeier
Summary: The study aimed to understand the development of a faulty overlap area when closing circumferential welds, testing different process control strategies and developing a promising welding method resistant to solidification cracks through HLAW experiments and numerical analyses.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. L. Wu, Y. Huang, J. J. Xu, Y. M. Rong, Q. Chen, L. Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a method of high-strength steel thick plate welding by coupling external magnetic field and single-pass full penetration laser welding, and investigates the effect of static magnetic field on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint. The results show that the appropriate magnetic field can effectively suppress periodic root humps and drop-out, and improve the mechanical properties of the welded joint.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Optics
Zhiyuan Gao, Kangda Hao, Lianyong Xu, Yongdian Han, Lei Zhao, Hongyang Jing
Summary: Plate inclination was used to prevent undercut defect in high-speed MAG welding. The behavior of the molten pool and droplets was observed, and the undercut defect was analyzed. Results showed that the droplets moved in the opposite direction to the welding and fell into the tail of the gouging region at an inclination angle below 10 degrees, while they moved along the welding direction and fell out of the gouging region at an angle above 30 degrees. Plate inclination at an angle of 30 degrees effectively inhibited undercut defect due to the flow of the molten metal.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yulong Li, Yongqing Li, Chaohua Zhang, Min Lei, Jiaxing Luo, Xinyu Guo, Dean Deng
Summary: The welding residual stress distribution and deformation of T-joints with and without a stiffener were investigated using simulation and experimentation. The effect of the location and dimensions of the stiffener on the residual stress and angular distortion of the T-joint was analyzed. The results showed that structural restraint significantly influenced the distribution and magnitude of the welding residual stress for T-joints, and the removal of the stiffener slightly reduced the residual stress of the T-joint. Structural restraint had minimal impact on the angular distortion of the flange but effectively alleviated the angular distortion of the web.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)