Review
Immunology
Quentin Le Hingrat, Irini Sereti, Alan L. Landay, Ivona Pandrea, Cristian Apetrei
Summary: CD4(+) T-cell depletion is a key feature of AIDS in both HIV and SIV infections, occurring early and being most significant at mucosal sites. The clinical outcome is associated with mucosal CD4(+) T-cell recovery during chronic infection, while immune activation and inflammation play critical roles in CD4(+) T-cell depletion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Osaretin E. Asowata, Alveera Singh, Abigail Ngoepe, Nicholas Herbert, Rabiah Fardoos, Kavidha Reddy, Yenzekile Zungu, Faith Nene, Ntombifuthi Mthabela, Dirhona Ramjit, Farina Karim, Katya Govender, Thumbi Ndung'u, J. Zachary Porterfield, John H. Adamson, Fusi G. Madela, Vukani T. Manzini, Frank Anderson, Alasdair Leslie, Henrik N. Kloverpris
Summary: Research conducted on a large cohort recruited from high HIV endemic areas in South Africa revealed that people living with HIV presented at a younger age for GI clinic investigation, with severe CD4(+) T cell depletion in the GI tract, particularly in the colon. Despite full suppression of plasma viremia, HIV-p24 staining showed persistent viral expression, emphasizing the irreversible loss of GI CD4(+) T cells as a key event in HIV pathogenesis in PLWH in South Africa.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Phuong H. D. Nguyen, Martin Wasser, Chong Teik Tan, Chun Jye Lim, Hannah L. H. Lai, Justine Jia Wen Seow, Ramanuj DasGupta, Cheryl Z. J. Phua, Siming Ma, Jicheng Yang, Sheena D. O. Suthen, Wai Leong Tam, Tony K. H. Lim, Joe Yeong, Wei Qiang Leow, Yin Huei Pang, Gwyneth Soon, Tracy Jiezhen Loh, Wei Keat Wan, Chung Yip Chan, Peng Chung Cheow, Han Chong Toh, Alfred Kow, Yock Young Dan, Juinn Huar Kam, Shridhar Iyer, Krishnakumar Madhavan, Alexander Chung, Glenn K. Bonney, Brian K. P. Goh, Naiyang Fu, Victor C. Yu, Weiwei Zhai, Salvatore Albani, Pierce K. H. Chow, Valerie Chew
Summary: This study reveals extensive immune remodeling in hepatocellular carcinoma at different stages, indicating a progressive immune evasion of the tumor. The findings provide insights into potential interventions to reverse, prevent or limit the progression of the disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yang Zhang, Taiyi Jiang, Aixin Li, Zhen Li, Jianhua Hou, Meixia Gao, Xiaojie Huang, Bin Su, Hao Wu, Tong Zhang, Wei Jiang
Summary: The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that there are no specific safe and effective medications for improving CD4(+) T-cell reconstitution. The immunological benefits or adverse events mainly depend on the safety, dosage, and duration of the candidate medication use, as well as whether it is combined with ART.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Allison M. Meadows, Kim Han, Komudi Singh, Antonio Murgia, Ben D. McNally, James A. West, Rebecca D. Huffstutler, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, Yvonne Baumer, Julian L. Griffin, Michael N. Sack
Summary: Caloric deprivation interventions such as intermittent fasting and caloric restriction have positive effects on metabolic and inflammatory diseases. When subjected to a 24-hour fast, both innate and adaptive immune cell responsiveness is reduced, and this effect can be transferred through serum. Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of serum extracted after a 24-hour fast and re-feeding revealed metabolite-sensing GPCRs as crucial mediators of fasting-mediated immune modulation. The elevated levels of N-arachidonylglycine (NAGly), a putative GPR18 ligand, during fasting attenuate CD4(+)T cell responsiveness and reduce inflammatory cytokines levels in obese subjects, suggesting its role in regulating nutrient-level dependent inflammation associated with metabolic disease.
Article
Immunology
Clarissa Heck, Sophie Steiner, Eva M. Kaebisch, Marco Frentsch, Friedrich Wittenbecher, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Leif G. Hanitsch, Axel Nogai, Philipp le Coutre, Lars Bullinger, Igor-Wolfgang Blau, Il-Kang Na
Summary: This study revealed quantitative and functional B cell defects in multiple myeloma patients undergoing auto-HSCT, leading to compromised immune defense. Stimulation with CD40L/IL-21 partially restored TD B cell function, indicating potential extrinsic drivers of the functional B cell defect. Testing CD4+, CD19+, memory B cells, and MZ-like B cells as biomarkers in prospective studies is suggested.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sanmoy Pathak, Abhijeet Gokhroo, Ashim Kumar Dubey, Shamik Majumdar, Souradeep Gupta, Asha Almeida, Girish B. Mahajan, Abhijeet Kate, Prabhu Mishra, Rajiv Sharma, Sanjay Kumar, Ram Vishwakarma, Arun Balakrishnan, Hanudatta Atreya, Dipankar Nandi
Summary: Sesquiterpene lactone 7-hydroxy frullanolide (7HF) inhibits CD4+ T cell and peritoneal macrophage responses through regulating cell cycling and intracellular calcium levels, exhibiting anti-inflammatory potential in reducing immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ruben C. Hoogeveen, Suzan Dijkstra, Lea M. Bartsch, Hannah K. Drescher, Jasneet Aneja, Maxwell P. Robidoux, James A. Cheney, Joerg Timm, Adam Gehring, Paulo Sergio Fonseca de Sousa, Lya Ximenez, Luis Baiao Peliganga, Anita Pitts, Fiona B. Evans, Andre Boonstra, Arthur Y. Kim, Lia L. Lewis-Ximenez, Georg M. Lauer
Summary: This study compares HBV-specific T cell responses in patients with different degrees of viral control and finds that functional cure is associated with higher frequencies of functional HBV-specific CD4 memory T cell responses.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuyuki Kasahara, Naoto Sasaki, Hilman Zulkifli Amin, Toru Tanaka, Sayo Horibe, Tomoya Yamashita, Ken-Ichi Hirata, Yoshiyuki Rikitake
Summary: This study demonstrates that Foxp3(+) Tregs can suppress pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cell immune responses to control the development of atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuyuki Kasahara, Naoto Sasaki, Hilman Zulkifli Amin, Toru Tanaka, Sayo Horibe, Tomoya Yamashita, Ken-ichi Hirata, Yoshiyuki Rikitake
Summary: Foxp3+ Tregs play a crucial role in the control of atherosclerosis by suppressing pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell immune responses. Depletion of Foxp3+ Tregs aggravates inflammation and worsens atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemia.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cara E. Porsche, Jennifer B. Delproposto, Lynn Geletka, Robert O'Rourke, Carey N. Lumeng
Summary: Obese visceral white adipose tissue ATTs exhibited impaired inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation, potentially influenced by both environmental and cell-intrinsic factors, suggesting functional abnormalities in obesity-induced ATTs.
Article
Immunology
Julie Lajoie, Monika M. Kowatsch, Lucy W. Mwangi, Genevieve Boily-Larouche, Julius Oyugi, Yufei Chen, Makobu Kimani, Emmanuel A. Ho, Joshua Kimani, Keith R. Fowke
Summary: The study reveals that the use of ASA impacts the immune response in both systemic and genital tract compartments, with higher concentrations of ASA in the blood compared to the female genital tract. ASA use in the blood was inversely correlated with certain T cell expressions, while at the genital tract, it correlated with a decrease in activated CD4(+) T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Quentin Le Hingrat, Paola Sette, Cuiling Xu, Andrew R. Rahmberg, Lilas Tarnus, Haritha Annapureddy, Adam Kleinman, Egidio Brocca-Cofano, Ranjit Sivanandham, Sindhuja Sivanandham, Tianyu He, Daniel J. Capreri, Dongzhu Ma, Jacob D. Estes, Jason M. Brenchley, Cristian Apetrei, Ivona Pandrea
Summary: CD4(+) T-cell depletion does not determine SIV-related gut dysfunction or disease progression in SIV-infected African Green Monkeys. AGMs depleted of CD4(+) T-cells maintain gut integrity, control immune activation, and do not progress to AIDS. This suggests that disease progression and resistance to AIDS in AGMs are independent of CD4(+) T-cell restoration.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Yewen Shi, Tongxin Xie, Bingbing Wang, Rong Wang, Yu Cai, Bo Yuan, Frederico O. Gleber-Netto, Xiangjun Tian, Alanis E. Rodriguez-Rosario, Abdullah A. Osman, Jing Wang, Curtis R. Pickering, Xiaoyong Ren, Andrew G. Sikora, Jeffrey N. Myers, Roberto Rangel
Summary: Oral squamous cell carcinoma models with defined Trp53 mutations associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor responsiveness were developed. The T122N amino acid change of Tp53 promotes a cold tumor microenvironment enriched with immunosuppressive M2 macrophages resistant to ICI therapy. These models can provide insights into tumor cell-intrinsic drivers of immune resistance and aid in the development of effective immunotherapeutic approaches for OSCC and other ICI-resistant solid tumors.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jarrod York, Kavitha Gowrishankar, Kenneth Micklethwaite, Sarah Palmer, Anthony L. Cunningham, Najla Nasr
Summary: Despite the effectiveness of ART in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection, the latent HIV reservoir remains a major barrier to immune clearance and HIV cure. CAR T cell therapies, involving genetically engineered T cells, offer promising potential in targeting HIV-infected cells and have shown efficacy, safety, and long-term persistence in peripheral blood.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)