Article
Environmental Sciences
Ethan Pillay, Muthukrishnavellaisamy Kumarasamy, Joy Adu, Saravana Prakash Thirumuruganandham, Ayesha Paruk, Maranka Naidoo
Summary: Power generation is a growing issue in South Africa, with the potential solution of using pump-as-turbine technology to generate electricity and reduce water leakage. This study used EPANET software to analyze the water distribution network in Durban and determine the optimal placement and configuration of pump-as-turbine systems. The results showed significant energy extraction and leakage reduction.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jose-Roberto Bermudez, Francisco-Ronay Lopez-Estrada, Gildas Besancon, Guillermo Valencia-Palomo, Ildeberto Santos-Ruiz
Summary: This work proposes a model predictive control strategy for pressure management and leakage reduction in a water distribution system. The proposed method considers the dynamic representation of the system and uses a pressure-reducing valve as a control element. It takes into account the nonlinearity of the valve, the demand profile, and pipeline leaks. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is demonstrated through various scenarios, achieving a reduction of approximately 5% in water losses and showing robustness in uncertain leak locations.
Article
Thermodynamics
Shahin Ebrahimi, Alireza Riasi, Ali Kandi
Summary: This study optimized the selection process of pumps as turbines for replacing pressure reducing valves using the PSO algorithm. The results showed that in the scenario with variable speed PATs, the total energy production increased, the penalty function decreased, and the pressure of critical nodes matched better with the values of PRVs utilization.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pham Duc Dai
Summary: Water loss due to water leakages in water distribution systems is a global challenge. Optimal pressure management through regulating operations of pressure reducing valves is crucial for water utilities.
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Davi Edson Sales e Souza, Andre Luiz Amarante Mesquita, Claudio Jose Cavalcante Blanco
Summary: The paper reviews the potential of energy recovery studies in water distribution networks using pumps-as-turbines (PATs) and focuses on key technical and challenging criteria.
JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuan Tian, Jingliang Gao, Jianxun Chen, Junshen Xie, Qidong Que, Rodger Millar Munthali, Tiantian Zhang
Summary: Leakage in water distribution systems is a significant problem that causes resource wastage. Pressure management, particularly through the use of pressure-reducing valves, is considered an effective method for controlling network leakage. This article proposes an iterative greedy algorithm to minimize surplus pressure and introduces five evaluation indicators to compare pressure management strategies. Furthermore, a suitable control strategy is successfully implemented in an actual water distribution system, achieving significant results. The paper aims to provide guidance for practical engineering applications.
Article
Thermodynamics
Gabriella Balacco, Gaetano Daniele Fiorese, Maria Rosaria Alfio, Vincenzo Totaro, Mario Binetti, Marco Torresi, Michele Stefanizzi
Summary: In this paper, a methodology for selecting Pumps as Turbines (PaTs) in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is proposed. The method considers the characteristics of the WDN, predicts the characteristic curves, and estimates the daily power generation. The proposed algorithm has been automated in a computer tool called PaT-ID, which is applicable to any WDN and machine catalogue and can select the most suitable machine based on water demand trend and hydraulic head.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Da Teng, Guangjie Lu, Ou Chen, Dongxue Bi, Qijiu Zhang, Li Li
Summary: This article focuses on recovering the waste heat from saturated flue gas using an absorption heat pump, which reduces the extraction steam temperature of low-pressure heaters. The simulation system demonstrates that the operational performance of the absorption heat pump is significantly influenced by the generator pressure and throttle pressure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hossein Nasrollahi, Reza Safaei Boroujeni, Reza Shirmohammadi, Shima Najafi Nobar, Alireza Aslani, Majid Amidpour, Fontina Petrakopoulou
Summary: The research aims to optimize water pressure in water distribution networks by applying water pressure booster systems, reducing costs related to leaks, burst pipes, and energy consumption, with an estimated 41% cost reduction through hourly optimization based on demand and energy prices. The sensitivity analysis shows that the optimized pressure and cost are most sensitive to water loss and leakage exponent, respectively. The study highlights the misalignment of interests between water companies and energy consumers, emphasizing the water-energy nexus perspective.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mehmet Melih Kosucu, Mehmet Cuneyd Demirel
Summary: Applying pressure management can reduce water losses and excessive hydraulic pressures. This study introduces a dynamic PRV model with four different pressure management types into the EPANET v3.1 software and evaluates the impact of different valve opening schemes on pressure graphs and leakage quantities. The results show that dynamic PRV significantly reduces water losses and excessive hydraulic pressures in the water distribution network when valve opening is continuously adjusted.
JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohamad Zeidan, Avi Ostfeld
Summary: This study presents the potential of integrating Hydrams in modern water distribution systems for managing excess pressure and reducing energy costs. The Hydrams, as a sustainable and low-cost alternative to pressure reducing valves, mitigate excess pressure and direct it to low-pressure zones. It is essential to correctly size the Hydram and accompany it with a storage tank for more sustainable operating schedules. Two case study applications demonstrate the potential of the integrated Hydrams in reducing excess pressures and energy costs.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Silvia Maria Zanoli, Crescenzo Pepe, Giacomo Astolfi, Lorenzo Orlietti
Summary: This article presents the application of advanced process control techniques to an Italian water distribution network. In-depth hydraulic studies were conducted prior to hardware modifications through sectorization procedures. The performance was further improved through pressure management and optimization of pump scheduling. The developed advanced process control system successfully reduced water losses and operational costs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL OF NETWORK SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Andrew J. Pimm, Tim T. Cockerill, William F. Gale
Summary: The potential to reduce energy demands in hydrogen-based industrial heating systems using high temperature reverse Joule-Brayton cycle heat pumps as preheaters is investigated in this study. The findings suggest that using these heat pumps at temperatures between 300-500 degrees C could significantly reduce hydrogen demands by over 20% and save at least 8% on the cost of green hydrogen up to 2050.
Article
Thermodynamics
Marwa Hannachi, Ahmed Ketata, Marco Sinagra, Costanza Arico, Tullio Tucciarelli, Zied Driss
Summary: A novel pressure regulation system for water distribution networks was proposed and experimentally and numerically validated for its performance and efficiency. Results showed that the system can achieve up to 76% efficiency in recovering wasted hydrodynamics energy in water distribution networks.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Milad Latifi, Kambiz Farahi Moghadam, Seyed Taghi (Omid) Naeeni
Summary: The study proposes a strategy to utilize surplus pressure in water distribution networks to generate energy and compensate for costs, optimizing network performance with pump-as-turbines. Through numerical model optimization, it was found that network costs can be reduced by up to 90% and network reliability can be improved. Multiobjective optimization provides a trade-off diagram for choosing solutions with different cost levels and reliabilities.
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
