Article
Polymer Science
Moritz Stuck, Irina Krenz, Benedikt Schulze Koekelsum, Susanne Boye, Brigitte Voit, Reinhard Lorenz
Summary: The study focused on the influence of different curing conditions and styrene concentrations on the resin properties, demonstrating that the Tg of the network can be increased by applying new thermal curing profiles and increasing the styrene content. Additionally, the partial substitution of problematic styrene with substances like maleic anhydride was found to significantly improve the reactivity and mechanical properties of the resin.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lazaros Papadopoulos, Lamprini Malletzidou, Dimitra Patsiaoura, Andreas Magaziotis, Eleni Psochia, Zoi Terzopoulou, Konstantinos Chrissafis, Charles Markessini, Electra Papadopoulou, Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
Summary: This study aimed to prepare unsaturated polyester resins with biobased content using renewable feedstocks, evaluating their synthesis by various spectroscopical techniques and utilizing reactive diluent for processing. Acrylic acid was then introduced as cross-linking agent to produce thermosetting resins, which were evaluated using DSC, XPS, FTIR, and TGA techniques.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yong Li, Jiehao Qu, Zenghui Dai, Junyi Jiang, Jiajia Fu, Feiya Fu, Xiangdong Liu
Summary: The article presents a successful design of a highly bio-based family of unsaturated polyester resins by copolymerizing isosorbide with other green monomers, resulting in high-performance thermosetting resins with excellent glass transition temperature, storage modulus, and tensile strength. The incorporation of isosorbide units into the resins shows a favorable effect on thermal stability. Additionally, the compatibility between the isosorbide-containing resins and cotton fibers after reinforcement suggests potential for composite fabrication.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Filipa A. M. M. Goncalves, Ana C. Fonseca, Rosemeyre Cordeiro, Ana P. Piedade, Henrique Faneca, Armenio Serra, Jorge F. J. Coelho
Summary: In this study, the crosslinking of fully biobased unsaturated polyesters (UPs) using thermal and mu SLA processes was investigated. The developed UP resins (UPRs) showed promising properties for mu SLA, and treatment with ethanol significantly improved the cellular viability of the scaffolds.
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Poovathungal Abdulrahman Jeemol, Suresh Mathew, Chethrappilly Padmanabhan Reghunadhan Nair
Summary: Blending unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with itaconimide-end terminated polyethers can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the UPR, resulting in enhanced impact strength and fracture toughness. The distribution of the polyether chains in the cured matrix, influenced by the reactivity ratios of styrene and the polyether macromer, plays a crucial role in determining the properties of the blend.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David Rubes, Jaromir Vinklarek, Lubos Prokupek, Stepan Podzimek, Jan Honzicek
Summary: A series of polyester prepolymers were synthesized from itaconic acid, phthalic anhydride, propane-1,2-diol, and diethylene glycol. The use of itaconic acid as a source of unsaturation enabled the replacement of styrene reactive diluent by methyl methacrylate. The curing of a model polyester resin at room temperature was initiated by butanone peroxide in combination with various cobalt-, iron-, and vanadium-based accelerators. Experimental data indicates that this styrene- and cobalt-free system is very promising for reducing health and ecological issues associated with unsaturated polyester resins.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Yanyan Xu, Qinan Zhang, Zhao Wang, Liqun Zhang
Summary: In this study, a new class of biobased thermoplastic polyester elastomers, poly(butylene terephthalate)-poly(1,4-butylene/2,3-butylene succinate) (PBT-PBBS) copolyesters, were designed and synthesized. These copolyesters exhibited a desired block structure, with a hard phase of crystallized PBT and a soft phase of amorphous PBBS. By adjusting the polycondensation time or the molar ratio of PBT to PBBS, the mechanical properties of these copolyesters, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, could be flexibly tailored. Therefore, they have potential applications in elastomers, hot-melt adhesives, and toughening modifiers.
Article
Polymer Science
Jianan ShangGuan, Yanglei Zheng, Junyi Jiang, Yong Li, Haoran Sun, Shuangfei Xiang, Shujun Zhao, Feiya Fu, Xiangdong Liu
Summary: In this study, a bio-based reactive diluent 4-vinylguaiacol glycidyl ether (DE4VG) was developed through the epoxidation of 4-vinylguaiacol (4VG), which showed excellent miscibility and high reactivity with an unsaturated polyester prepolymer (PMSD). DE4VG also exhibited advantages in terms of viscosity and volatility. By curing the epoxide groups of DE4VG with 4,4-diamino diphenylmethane (DDM), the cured PMSD/DE4VG/TBPB/DDM resin showed superior material performances compared to other resin systems. This study successfully replaced styrene with a bio-based reactive diluent in unsaturated polyester resin preparation, overcoming the high volatility of styrene and improving the properties of the cured resin.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Xin-Long Sha, Li Yuan, Guozheng Liang, Aijuan Gu
Summary: In this study, two high-performance biobased benzoxazine resins were synthesized using eco-friendly methods. After curing, the resins exhibited excellent comprehensive properties, showing potential for industrial applications.
Article
Polymer Science
Yin Lu, Kan Zhang
Summary: Two novel fully biobased mono-benzoxazine resins have been synthesized and characterized, showing good thermal stability and corrosion protection properties. The study highlights the potential of using natural renewable pterostilbene for preparing high-performance bio-based polybenzoxazines.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fukai Chu, Shuilai Qiu, Shenghe Zhang, Zhoumei Xu, Yifan Zhou, Xiaoyu Luo, Xin Jiang, Lei Song, Weizhao Hu, Yuan Hu
Summary: The lack of research on structure-activity relationship and interaction mechanism between unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) and flame retardants has posed challenges for developing high-efficiency flame retardants in industry. This study synthesized various polymeric flame retardants and evaluated their thermal stabilities, uncovering the interaction mechanisms and rules for improving flame retardancy of UPR composites. Key findings included the role of gaseous phase flame retardant mechanism and the effectiveness of phosphorus structures and sulfone groups in enhancing flame retardant efficiency.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Pavle Spasojevic, Sanja Seslija, Maja Markovic, Olga Pantic, Katarina Antic, Milica Spasojevic
Summary: Currently, unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are mainly derived from non-renewable resources, leading to high viscosity issues. This study investigated the use of a mixture of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a reactive diluent to lower resin viscosity, optimizing curing parameters and improving mechanical properties. The substitution of DMI by MMA was found to be advantageous in reducing viscosity and enhancing mechanical performance.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiong-Lei Wang, Wen-Li An, Fei Tian, Yang Yang, Xu Zhao, Ping-Ping Xu, Shimei Xu, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: This study obtained styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMC) by selectively and completely cleaving ester groups from waste thermosetting unsaturated polyester resins (WTUPR), which was then integrated with polyvinyl alcohol to form amphiphilic aerogels with low density and high absorption capacity for both water and oily liquids.
Article
Polymer Science
Maryam Mousa, Helena Bergenudd, Anna Larsson Kron, Eva Malmstrom
Summary: The free-radical polymerization of biobased alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone and alpha-methylene-gamma-valerolactone was studied, both separately and in combination with fossil-based (meth)acrylate monomers. The effects of thermal initiators on polymerization behaviors were investigated. Significant differences in conversion rates of monomers in copolymerizations were observed, leading to compositional drift and changes in thermal properties of the polymers.
Article
Polymer Science
S. L. Brooks, E. J. Constant, O. M. King, A. C. Weems
Summary: Stereoselective aliphatic polyesters were synthesized and their physical properties were tuned by isomerization. The resulting materials exhibited ideal viscosity for 3D printing and improved properties through off-stoichiometric imbalances. Cell culture experiments demonstrated their potential for biomedical applications.
Article
Polymer Science
Mustafa Kalay, Abidin Esidir, Mahmut Ruzi, N. Burak Kiremitler, Mustafa Serdar Onses
Summary: This study proposes stable and addressable polymer PUFs, utilizing a cross-linkable polymer system, which demonstrates high stochastic characteristics and low-cost production. The performance of the polymer features is evaluated through various analyses, and direct image authentication is achieved using feature matching algorithms.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jingyu Jin, Guoqiang Lu, Jun Nie, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: Photopolymerization technology is limited in the fields of food packaging and biomedicine due to the high migration of small molecules from photoinitiators. In this study, a polymerizable 2-vinyl thioxanthone (ETX) was synthesized to improve the migration stability of photoinitiators. Macromolecular photoinitiators (PPI1, PPI2) were also prepared to further reduce migration. The results showed that the ETX/TEOA system had higher initiation performance and PPI2 displayed favorable initiation ability. Additionally, the migration of ETX, PPI1, and PPI2 in photocured film was significantly reduced. These low-migration photoinitiators have potential applications in the fields of food packaging and biological materials.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Weijie Li, Jun Nie, Yingying Zhao, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: This study focuses on the development of high-performance, low-migration photoinitiators. A polymerizable photoinitiator (VBP) was synthesized by introducing an ethylene group into benzophenone, and three different molecular weight single-component photoinitiators (PVBN1-3) were synthesized based on VBP. The results show that these new photoinitiators have stronger absorption ability compared to benzophenone and significantly reduce the migration of initiators and co-initiators, addressing the safety concerns caused by migration.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Seira Morimune-Moriya, Yuki Iwahashi, Mitsuru Nakamura, Daisuke Ogawa, Keiji Nakamura
Summary: This study investigates the effect of plasma treatment on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the structure/properties of polyimide (PI) nanocomposites with ultra-low content of CNTs. The results show that plasma treatment introduces isocyanate groups on the surface of CNTs and enhances the interfacial interaction between PI and treated CNTs. This leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, with even a small addition of treated CNTs showing a substantial increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and toughness.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanlong Li, Chaojie Chen, Guoqing Cui, Li Liu, Chao Zhou, Guangfeng Wu
Summary: In this study, a novel ion-conducting hydrogel was fabricated using a straightforward approach. The hydrogel showed excellent tensile properties and high toughness due to physical interactions and covalent binding. Additionally, the introduction of hydroxyethyl cellulose and lithium chloride improved the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and frost resistance of the hydrogel, demonstrating its potential for cold climate applications.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Dengwei Yan, Jinxian Yang, Xuejun Pan, Xiaozheng Duan, Lianwei Li, Mo Zhu
Summary: The influence of backbone length on grafting efficiency during the graft-onto reaction process was investigated. It was found that the polydispersity effect of backbone length does not affect the final grafting efficiency, indicating that the local dynamics of chain segments dominate the graft-onto process.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyi Luo, Xianjie Pan, Fanqi Liu, Quanxi Yi, Yanning Zeng, Yunhua Chen, Chaoyang Wang
Summary: This study provides a method to prepare high-performance epoxy materials with good malleability and thermal stability. The materials have self-healing and welding capabilities, thanks to the addition of specific chemical bonds and network structures. They exhibit mechanical properties comparable to commercial epoxy resins and show great potential for sustainable industrial development.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Chaoji Xiong, Hao Wang, Lihua Deng, Kun Liang, Chunhua Wu, Wei Wu, Qian Chen
Summary: In this study, four polyamides were synthesized and their adsorption performances for Hg2+ in aqueous systems were investigated. The polyamides exhibited high adsorption capacities and excellent reusability, with the involvement of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in the chemical adsorption process of Hg2+.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Siim Laanesoo, Olivier Bonjour, Rauno Sedrik, Iris Tamsalu, Patric Jannasch, Lauri Vares
Summary: The insertion of rigid aliphatic or aromatic building blocks in polymer structures is an effective way to synthesize high -Tg polymer materials. In this study, a series of isosorbide-2-aryl carboxylate-5-methacrylate monomers (ArIMAs) were synthesized by functionalizing isosorbide 5-methacrylate with various aromatic lignin-inspired esters. These monomers were polymerized to obtain high molecular-weight poly(aryl carboxylate isosorbide methacrylates) (PArIMAs). The resulting polymers showed high glass transition temperatures and thermal stability, making them suitable for use as high-performance plastics and coatings.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuqian Wu, Weijie Xu, Jianliang Li, Zhangfeng Zhong, Liqing Huang, Shengke Li, Huaping Tan
Summary: This study investigates the improvement of degradation and drug release characteristics of dynamic Schiff base-mediated natural polysaccharide hydrogels using tannic acid (TA), leading to enhanced stability and functionality.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zhang, Xiangli Kong, Xin Zhou, Yiyan Gao, Yibo Sun, Guanghui Gao, Wei Liu, Kai Shi
Summary: Conductive hydrogels have great development prospects in flexible strain sensors, but long-term direct contact with human skin can cause bacterial infection. A hydrogel with antibacterial, biocompatibility, and toughness was designed and manufactured using a freeze-thaw method. The hydrogel maintains tensile properties and fatigue resistance at low temperatures and is resistant to bacteria. Therefore, hydrogel sensors can be used to monitor human movements.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Zhang, Jiangang Yu, Mingyang Wu, Rui Li, Anqiang Zhang, Yaling Lin
Summary: In this study, polyacrylamide containing quaternary ammonium salts (PAM-X) were synthesized and found to effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogenic fungi while maintaining the balance of microbial population in soil. PAM-X also showed low toxicity to earthworms and fish, providing a new method for the prevention and control of soil-borne fungal diseases.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jiawen He, Haojie Yu, Li Wang, Jian Yang, Yanhui Zhang, Wenbing Huang, Chenguang Ouyang
Summary: This review discusses the use of polymeric hydrogels for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), including the mechanism of water sorption, fabrication methods, and strategies for optimizing the structure of hydrogels. The extended applications of hygroscopic photothermal hydrogels, such as agricultural irrigation and dehumidification, are also explored. The challenges and prospects of using polymeric hydrogels for AWH are summarized.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Ying Du, Shuaishuai Lu, Yuanna Sun, Qingshan Li, Xinhai He
Summary: This study introduces a method to improve the performance of hydrogels by incorporating proline, resulting in hydrogels with excellent stretchability, high conductivity, and long-term stability. The hydrogel remains flexible and conductive even at ultra-low temperatures.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)