Anti-fibrotic Effects of Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide for TGF-β1 and Smad in an Animal Model of Liver Cirrhosis

Liver fibrosis is characterized by changes in tissue architecture and extracellular matrix composition. Liver fibrosis affects not only hepatocytes but also the non-parenchymal cells such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are essential for maintaining an intact liver structure and function. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces liver fibrosis through activation of Smad signaling pathways. To improve a new therapeutic approach, synthetic TGF-beta 1/Smad oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was used to suppress both TGF-beta 1 expression and Smad transcription factor using a combination of antisense ODN and decoy ODN. The aims of this study are to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of TGF-beta 1/Smad ODN on simultaneous suppressions of both Smad transcription factor and TGF-beta 1 mRNA expression in the hepatic fibrosis model in vitro and in vivo. Synthetic TGF-beta 1/ Smad ODN effectively inhibits Smad binding activity and TGF-beta 1 expression. TGF-beta 1/Smad ODN attenuated the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of HSCs in TGF-beta 1-induced AML12 and HSC-T6 cells. TGF-beta 1/Smad ODN prevented the fibrogenesis and deposition of collagen in CCl4-treated mouse model. Synthetic TGF-beta 1/Smad ODN demonstrates anti-fibrotic effects that are mediated by the suppression of fibrogenic protein and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, synthetic TGF-beta 1/Smad ODN has substantial therapeutic feasibility for the treatment of liver fibrotic diseases.