Article
Neurosciences
Ulla-Kaisa Peteri, Juho Pitkonen, Ilario de Toma, Otso Nieminen, Kagistia Hana Utami, Tomas M. Strandin, Padraic Corcoran, Laurent Roybon, Antti Vaheri, Iryna Ethell, Plinio Casarotto, Mahmoud A. Pouladi, Maija L. Castren
Summary: The expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is increased in astrocytes derived from individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS), influencing extracellular matrix degradation and neuronal plasticity. Activation of pathways associated with uPA and its receptor function was observed in FXS astrocytes. Additionally, increased uPA levels in FXS astrocytes correlated with altered astrocytic responses and neuronal plasticity.
Article
Cell Biology
Gregory G. Vandenberg, Aasritha Thotakura, Angela L. Scott
Summary: Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits, with mitochondrial dysfunction being recently associated with the disease. Astrocytes in the central nervous system play a key role in oxidative homeostasis and changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics in FXS are influenced by both sexual dimorphism and oxygen availability.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kathryn E. Reynolds, Chloe R. Wong, Angela L. Scott
Summary: Research indicates that there is dysregulation of purinergic signaling in astrocytes of Fragile X Syndrome patients, with increased intracellular calcium responses compared to wildtype. Additionally, levels of synaptogenic protein TSP-1, regulated by P2Y activation, were elevated in the FXS cortex, suggesting an increased potential for synaptic formation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jong-Heon Kim, Hyun-Gug Jung, Ajung Kim, Hyun Soo Shim, Seung Jae Hyeon, Young-Sun Lee, Jin Han, Jong Hoon Jung, Jaekwang Lee, Hoon Ryu, Jae-Yong Park, Eun Mi Hwang, Kyoungho Suk
Summary: The study demonstrates the crucial role of the interaction between the neuronal protein hevin and the vesicular protein calcyon in synaptic reorganization after brain injury. The regulated expression and interaction between hevin and calcyon were confirmed in mouse models of traumatic brain injury and patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, providing direct evidence for their causal relationship in synaptic reorganization. Neuron-glia interactions between hevin and calcyon can be utilized to modulate synaptic reorganization in various neurological conditions.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sheila Araujo Espirito-Santo, Vinicius G. Coutinho, Romulo S. Dezonne, Joice Stipursky, Alexandre Rodrigues, Carolina Batista, Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho, Babette Fuss, Flavia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
Summary: The interaction between astrocytes and Nogo-A plays a significant role in neuronal synaptogenesis and plasticity, which could potentially serve as a target for therapeutic intervention in demyelinating diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gregory G. Vandenberg, Neal J. Dawson, Alison Head, Graham R. Scott, Angela L. Scott
Summary: Research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes may contribute to oxidative stress in Fragile X Syndrome, leading to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially playing a role in the pathology of neurological disorders.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Christopher Douglas Walker, Hannah Gray Sexton, Jentre Hyde, Brittani Greene, Mary-Louise Risher
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adolescent binge drinking on astrocytes, finding that alcohol exposure leads to changes in astrocyte morphology and astrocyte-neuronal interactions. However, these changes do not result in the loss of astrocytes, synapses, or dendritic spines, but rather cause a shift in dendritic spine phenotype in specific subregions.
Article
Developmental Biology
Chunzhu Song, Shannon N. Leahy, Emma M. Rushton, Kendal Broadie
Summary: The study reveals that FMRP and Staufen act together at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction to regulate GluRIIA levels and synaptic bouton development by co-regulating postsynaptic Coracle expression. Additionally, they impact neurotransmission strength. This suggests a FMRP-Staufen-Coracle-GluRIIA-pMad pathway in synapse development.
Article
Mathematics
Osman Taylan, Mona Abusurrah, Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh, Ehsan Nazemi, Farheen Bano, Ali Roshani
Summary: This paper investigates the regulatory role of astrocyte cells in neuronal activity and presents a model to describe their interactions. Simulation results demonstrate that by adjusting the coupling coefficients of astrocytes, the spiking frequency of neurons can be reduced and the activity of neuronal cells can be modulated.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiwen Zhou, Kazuki Okamoto, Junya Onodera, Toshimitsu Hiragi, Megumi Andoh, Masahito Ikawa, Kenji F. Tanaka, Yuji Ikegaya, Ryuta Koyama
Summary: The study demonstrates that increasing cAMP levels in astrocytes can induce synaptic plasticity and affect memory formation and retention, mediated through the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. This provides a tool to modulate astrocytic cAMP in vivo and sheds light on the role of astrocytic cAMP in brain function.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Adrien Paumier, Sylvie Boisseau, Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin, Karin Pernet-Gallay, Alain Buisson, Mireille Albrieux
Summary: Understanding the sequence of cellular dysfunctions in preclinical Alzheimer's disease is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies. The hyperactivity of hippocampal neurons is an early event in both humans and mouse models. This study shows that chronic inhibition of the TRPA1 channel can protect against Alzheimer's disease progression by normalizing astrocytic activity, preventing neuronal dysfunction, and preserving synaptic integrity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marianela Evelyn Traetta, Nonthue Alejandra Uccelli, Sandra Cristina Zarate, Dante Gomez Cuautle, Alberto Javier Ramos, Analia Reines
Summary: This study reveals the reactive changes in cortical microglia and astroglia, as well as synaptic alterations in a rat model prenatally exposed to valproic acid. Additionally, it highlights the importance of communication between microglia and astroglia in neuroinflammation associated with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting it as a potential target for interventions.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Kazuo Yamagata
Summary: Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating synapse formation and function, protecting the brain from damage and restoring synaptic function after injury. They release various molecules to induce synaptic structure and function, providing a protective effect against synaptic damage.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Aadil Yousuf, Nadeem Ahmed, Abrar Qurashi
Summary: Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and fragile X syndrome (FXS) are distinct disorders caused by abnormal expansion of CGG repeats. FXTAS is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gene hyperexpression, while FXS is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by gene silencing. Non-canonical DNA and RNA structures formed from CGG repeat expansions can disrupt cellular processes and have different effects in these two disorders.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kaleb Dee Miles, Caleb Andrew Doll
Summary: Developmental changes in ionic balance play a crucial role in neural circuit formation. The shift of GABAergic neurotransmission from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing output is induced by changes in Cl- gradients and is delayed in Fragile X syndrome (FXS) models. The absence of FMRP protein, which regulates chloride transporter expression, can significantly impact FXS phenotypes. This perspective summarizes the expression of Cl- transporters and discusses the imbalances in inhibitory neurotransmission in FXS, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)