Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
C. Yuh, C. S. O'Bryan, T. E. Angelini, M. A. Wimmer
Summary: The study compared the Oliver-Pharr Method and Hertzian Method for stiffness analyses of articular cartilage at varying length-scales. Results showed that the reduced moduli calculated by the Hertzian Method were consistent across different length-scales and were similar to those calculated using the Oliver-Pharr Method with a 20 μm tip. The study also observed loading-induced stiffening of articular cartilage regardless of tip size or indentation analysis method.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jade Soldado-Folgado, Juan Jose Chillaron, Esperanza Canas-Ruano, Itziar Arrieta-Aldea, Alicia Gonzalez-Mena, Fabiola Blasco-Hernando, Hernando Knobel, Natalia Garcia-Giralt, Robert Guerri-Fernandez
Summary: This study assessed the bone health of long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) with HIV infection and found that they have worse bone tissue quality and a different inflammatory profile compared to HIV progressors and HIV-negative individuals, indicating that HIV infection itself has a negative effect on bone tissue through persistent inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Raju Jaiswal, Michail Zoulakis, Kristian F. Axelsson, Anna Darelid, Robert Rudang, Daniel Sundh, Henrik Litsne, Lisa Johansson, Mattias Lorentzon
Summary: This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between the bone material strength index (BMSi) and the risk of incident fracture in older women. The study found that increasing BMSi was associated with a greater risk of fracture.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Delphine Farlay, Sebastien Rizzo, Louis-Georges Ste-Marie, Laetitia Michou, Suzanne N. Morin, Shijing Qiu, Pascale Chavassieux, Roland D. Chapurlat, Sudhaker D. Rao, Jacques P. Brown, Georges Boivin
Summary: Bisphosphonates are commonly used drugs for treating osteoporosis, but long-term use may increase the risk of atypical femur fracture. Research found that patients with AFF had higher bone mineralization levels compared to non-AFF patients, potentially due to the accumulation of bisphosphonates in bone mineral affecting the osteocyte cytoskeleton.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Thomas Cisneros, Igor Sevostianov, Borys Drach
Summary: This research focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties of osteonal cortical bone. Atomic force microscopy is used for cantilever-based nanoindentation to investigate the elastic properties of the mid-diaphysis region of bovine tibia. The study examines variations in the modulus and directional mechanical response of the osteonal bone at different distances from the Haversian canal, and discusses the effects of demineralization on the indentation modulus. Additionally, the study finds a positive correlation between mineral content and the indentation modulus.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jade Soldado-Folgado, Oriol Rins-Lozano, Itziar Arrieta-Aldea, Alicia Gonzale-Mena, Esperanza Canas-Ruano, Hernando Knobel, Natalia Garcia-Giralt, Robert Guerri-Fernandez
Summary: This pilot study aimed to assess the impact of switching from TDF to TAF ART on bone density and quality. The results showed an improvement in bone quality after switching to TAF treatment, while bone density remained unchanged. Therefore, TAF may have broader benefits for bone health beyond bone density.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Flavy Roseren, Sandrine Roffino, Martine Pithioux
Summary: This study measured the mechanical properties of calcified cartilage, trabecular bone, and cortical bone in the distracted callus during the consolidation phase. The results showed that the mechanical properties of calcified cartilage did not change over time, while trabecular bone exhibited temporal variation in elastic modulus. The study highlights the heterogeneity of mechanical properties in the distracted callus.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuela Schoeb, Elizabeth M. Winter, Maria A. Sleddering, Mirjam A. Lips, Abbey Schepers, Marieke Snel, Natasha M. Appelman-Dijkstra
Summary: The study showed that bone material properties are altered in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), especially in those with prevalent fractures. Impact microindentation (IMI) may be a valuable additional tool for assessing bone fragility in PHPT patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Weiwei Chen, Min Mao, Jin Fang, Yikai Xie, Yongjun Rui
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of fracture, possibly due to bone intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to bone strength damage. Traditional bone mineral density measurement methods may underestimate fracture risk in diabetes. Assessment tools and noninvasive examination methods can improve the prediction ability of fracture risk.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ilige S. Hage, Charbel Y. Seif, Ramsey F. Hamade
Summary: This study combines automated image segmentation and numerical homogenization solutions to accurately estimate the stiffness of cortical bone. The results show that the axial Young's modulus of cortical osteons decreases with increasing porosity and aspect ratio. The authors' generalized stiffness formulation (GSF) yields closer agreements with experimental stiffness values compared to other homogenization methods.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xuehua Li, Connie Zhang, Hayden H. Bowman, Jeffrey B. Stambough, Benjamin M. Stronach, Simon C. Mears, Lowry C. Barnes, Elena Ambrogini, Jinhu Xiong
Summary: As we age, the decreased responsiveness to mechanical stimulation in aged skeleton plays an important role in age-related bone loss. The study found that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, is critical for bone homeostasis and mechanotransduction. Loss of Piezo1 in osteoblasts and osteocytes leads to an increase in age-associated cortical bone loss through promoting bone resorption. These findings highlight the importance of Piezo1-mediated mechanical signaling in protecting against age-related bone loss.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kara L. Holloway-Kew, Pamela G. Rufus-Membere, Kara B. Anderson, Jacob W. Harland, Adolfo Diez-Perez, Mark A. Kotowicz, Julie A. Pasco
Summary: This study compared the bone material strength index (BMSi) values of men and women from the same geographical location in Australia. The results showed that men had significantly higher BMSi values than women, indicating that male bones are more resistant to indentation. This difference persisted even after adjusting for weight and height. Therefore, BMSi may have predictive value for fractures.
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
I. S. Hage, R. S. Hage, R. A. Yassine, C. Y. Seif, R. F. Hamade
Summary: This study maps the distribution of stiffness and mineralization in ring-shaped cortical bone samples sliced from mid-diaphyseal bovine femur. The results show that stiffness and mineralization values increase linearly along the radial distance. Statistical methods confirm the significant correlations between stiffness, mineralization, and Hounsfield units (HU).
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qiaoyue Guo, Ningrong Chen, Cheng Qian, Cheng Qi, Kathleen Noller, Mei Wan, Xiaonan Liu, Weixin Zhang, Patrick Cahan, Xu Cao
Summary: Bone is constantly remodeled by the actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, new research has shown that sympathetic innervation also plays a role in regulating bone resorption by osteocytes. Increased sympathetic activity during lactation stimulates osteocytes to produce netrin-1, which promotes nerve sprouting in the bone. In addition, norepinephrine activates signaling pathways that result in the secretion of bone-degrading enzymes and inhibition of osteoblast differentiation.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Emily Szabo, Clare Rimnac
Summary: The knowledge on the whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of immature pediatric long bones increases with maturation, but the specific year-to-year progression of these properties remains unclear. There is still a lack of understanding in the biomechanics of immature bone, calling for further research to develop a solid research foundation.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
A. Garner, O. Dandridge, A. A. Amis, J. P. Cobb, R. J. van Arkel
Summary: This study found that TKA resulted in inferior extensor function compared to UKA and BCA. This may, in part, help explain the reported differences in function and satisfaction differences between partial and total knee arthroplasty.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Anatole Vilhelm Wiik, Adeel Aqil, Bilal Al-Obaidi, Mads Brevadt, Justin Peter Cobb
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of reducing femoral stem length in total hip arthroplasty on gait biomechanics. Comparing patients with different length stems and a control group, the results showed that a shorter stem exhibited similar gait characteristics to a longer stem during walking activities.
ARCHIVES OF ORTHOPAEDIC AND TRAUMA SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Oliver Dandridge, Amy Garner, Andrew A. Amis, Justin P. Cobb, Richard J. van Arkel
Summary: The mechanical advantage of the knee extensor mechanism is heavily influenced by the patellar tendon moment arm (PTMA), which varies due to factors such as gender and knee size. This study optimized PTMA measurement and found that males have a consistently larger PTMA compared to females, with knee size also playing a significant role. The peak PTMA occurs closer to terminal extension in females, despite scaling eliminating sex differences in PTMA magnitude.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
K. C. Geoffrey Ng, Marcus J. K. Bankes, Hadi El Daou, Paul E. Beaule, Justin P. Cobb, Jonathan R. T. Jeffers
Summary: This study examined the effects of PAO on capsular mechanics and joint range of motion in dysplastic hips. The results showed that PAO reduced internal rotation and increased external rotation and adduction in the hip joint.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
A. J. Garner, O. W. Dandridge, A. A. Amis, J. P. Cobb, R. J. van Arkel
Summary: The study found that patients who underwent Bi-unicondylar arthroplasty (Bi-UKA) walked faster, had vertical ground reaction forces closer to normal, and longer step lengths compared to matched total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Additionally, Bi-UKA patients reported higher clinical scores and quality of life assessments.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
M. J. Munford, J. C. Stoddart, A. D. Liddle, J. P. Cobb, J. R. T. Jeffers
Summary: This study investigates whether titanium lattice implants can maintain natural load transfer in the proximal tibia during UKA and TKA procedures. The results show that titanium lattice implants were able to restore the mechanical environment of the native tibia, while conventional solid implants did not.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Thomas C. Edwards, Alexander W. Coombs, Bartosz Szyszka, Kartik Logishetty, Justin P. Cobb
Summary: Cognitive task analysis-based training is an effective method to learn cognitive skills for surgical procedures, serving as a valuable addition to current surgical training practices.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
T. C. Edwards, B. Guest, A. Garner, K. Logishetty, A. D. Piddle, J. P. Cobb
Summary: This study investigates the use of the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score in a young hip arthroplasty population and demonstrates its ability to capture additional benefits beyond the ceiling effect of conventional patient-reported outcome measures. The MET is normally distributed in patients following hip arthroplasty, recording levels of activity that are undetectable using the OHS.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
J. C. Stoddart, A. Garner, M. Tuncer, J. P. Cobb, R. J. van Arkel
Summary: The study aimed to compare the risk of tibial eminence avulsion intraoperatively for bi-unicondylar knee arthroplasty (Bi-UKA), isolated medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA-M), and bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (BCR-TKA) and consider the impact of implant positioning, overstuffing, and sex. The results showed that lateral translation of the medial implant in Bi-UKA and joint overstuffing had the greatest impact on risk increase. Smaller and less dense tibiae had a higher risk, and removing anterior bone doubled the risk.
BONE & JOINT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Andrea Bonicelli, Tabitha Tay, Justin P. Cobb, Oliver R. Boughton, Ulrich Hansen, Richard L. Abel, Peter Zioupos
Summary: The study aimed to test the tissue level properties of clinically-relevant human bone samples from different groups. The results showed that fracture patients had significantly lower tissue, fibril, and mineral strain compared to the control group, regardless of treatment. The mineral content was also higher in fracture patients. Nanoindentation only showed significant differences in nanohardness among the three groups. There was a significant positive correlation between organic content and tissue level strain behavior. Therefore, synchrotron tensile tests proved to be a more effective approach for predicting fracture risk.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sara Behforootan, Madelaine Thorniley, Jean-Gabriel Minonzio, Oliver Boughton, Monil Karia, Rajarshi Bhattacharya, Ulrich Hansen, Justin Cobb, Richard Abel
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound signals from peripheral sites can be used to predict the compressive mechanical properties of cortical bone at the femoral neck. The results showed weak to moderate correlations between ultrasound measurements and mechanical properties, with inconsistency across different anatomical sites. Ultrasound scans should be collected directly from clinically relevant sites such as the femoral neck.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. Abdulhadi Alagha, Kartik Logishetty, Ciaran O'Hanlon, Alexander D. Liddle, Justin Cobb
Summary: Three-dimensional planning of hip arthroplasty using the 3D Hip Planner software can improve visualization of anatomical landmarks, enhance preoperative implant sizing, and lead to a decrease in surgical time and complications. The study found that the software is valid and reliable, with significant potential in optimizing the quality and accuracy of surgical planning for hip resurfacing arthroplasty.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
A. J. Garner, T. C. Edwards, A. D. Liddle, G. G. Jones, J. P. Cobb
Summary: A new revision partial knee classification system has been proposed and validated through multiple rounds of testing, showing reliability and repeatability. This system allows for a more accurate assessment of the risks, recovery, and health economic implications of different procedures.
Review
Orthopedics
Dean Owyang, Ali Bakhsh, David Brewer, Oliver R. Boughton, Justin P. Cobb
Summary: This systematic review assessed the prevalence, extent, and quality of patient and public involvement (PPI) in orthopaedic surgery RCTs, revealing that there is room for improvement in both the quantity and quality of PPI reporting. Factors contributing to inadequate PPI reporting include a lack of systematic uptake of PPI guidelines and a lack of compulsory PPI reporting from publishing bodies.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Mihai Grigoras, Oliver Boughton, May Cleary, Paul McKenna, Fiachra E. Rowan
Summary: The study found that using a tourniquet can reduce blood loss, with similar postoperative pain, range of motion, quadriceps lag, length of stay, and thromboembolic risk compared to the non-tourniquet group. However, there may be differences between men and women in their tolerance of a tourniquet, with women potentially experiencing worse short-term outcomes.