Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 9, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su9101874
Keywords
load-haul-dump vehicle; multi-objective optimization; hybrid energy storage system; energy management strategy; parameter sizing; battery capacity loss
Funding
- Beijing Excellent Talent Training Program
- National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFC0802905]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51276012]
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Energy storage systems (ESS) play an important role in the performance of mining vehicles. A hybrid ESS combining both batteries (BTs) and supercapacitors (SCs) is one of the most promising solutions. As a case study, this paper discusses the optimal hybrid ESS sizing and energy management strategy (EMS) of 14-ton underground load-haul-dump vehicles (LHDs). Three novel contributions are added to the relevant literature. First, a multi-objective optimization is formulated regarding energy consumption and the total cost of a hybrid ESS, which are the key factors of LHDs, and a battery capacity degradation model is used. During the process, dynamic programming (DP)-based EMS is employed to obtain the optimal energy consumption and hybrid ESS power profiles. Second, a 10-year life cycle cost model of a hybrid ESS for LHDs is established to calculate the total cost, including capital cost, operating cost, and replacement cost. According to the optimization results, three solutions chosen from the Pareto front are compared comprehensively, and the optimal one is selected. Finally, the optimal and battery-only options are compared quantitatively using the same objectives, and the hybrid ESS is found to be a more economical and efficient option.
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