Journal
NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGEROPEN
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2084-y
Keywords
PEGylation; Magnetic iron oxide nanopaticles; T-2 relaxivity; MRI contrast agents
Funding
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials (NSF EPSCoR Grant) [1002410]
- PR NASA EPSCoR (NASA) [NNX15AK43A]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]
- State of Florida
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [1002410] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, similar to 11-nm cores) were PEGylated without anchoring groups and studied as efficient MRI T-2 contrast agents (CAs). The ether group of PEG is efficiently and directly linked to the positively charged surface of SPIONs, and mediated through a dipole-cation covalent interaction. Anchor-free PEG-SPIONs exhibit a spin-spin relaxivity of 123 +/- 6 mM(-1)s(-1), which is higher than those of PEG-SPIONs anchored with intermediate biomolecules, iron oxide nanoworms, or Feridex. They do not induce a toxic response for Fe concentrations below 2.5 mM, as tested on four different cell lines with and without an external magnetic field. Magnetic resonance phantom imaging studies show that anchor-free PEG-SPIONs produce a significant contrast in the range of 0.1-0.4 [Fe] mM. Our findings reveal that the PEG molecules attached to the cores immobilize water molecules in large regions of similar to 85 nm, which would lead to blood half-life of a few tens of minutes. This piece of research represents a step forward in the development of next-generation CAs for nascent-stage cancer detection.
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