Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aimilia Eirini Papathanasiou, Fotios Spyropoulos, Zoe Michael, Kyoung E. Joung, Despina D. Briana, Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner, Christos S. Mantzoros, Helen Christou
Summary: The study found significantly elevated levels of fatty acid binding protein 4, fibroblast growth factor-21, and adiponectin in the circulation of pulmonary hypertension patients, with increased mRNA levels of these metabolic regulators and PPAR γ gene in patient lung tissue. Experimental rodent models of PH and human patients demonstrated increased gene expression related to glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuki Komatsu, Kiyoshi Aoyama, Mamoru Yoneda, Shogo Ito, Yusuke Sano, Yumeno Kawai, Xixi Cui, Yuichiro Yamada, Nozomi Furukawa, Katsuhide Ikeda, Kohzo Nagata
Summary: The removal of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) attenuated the exacerbation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis induced by salt loading in DS/obese rats, but did not affect the development of hypertension. Salt loading led to adipocyte hypertrophy and increased inflammation in white adipose tissue, while the conversion of iBAT to white adipose tissue-like tissue contributed to elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6, exacerbating cardiac pathology.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
RuiYan Mei, WeiWei Qin, YanHua Zheng, Zhuo Wan, Li Liu
Summary: Exosomes secreted by adipose tissue play a crucial role in metabolic disorders, regulating specific mechanisms related to obesity, adipose inflammation, and diabetes. Adipose tissue is a major source of circulating exosomal miRNAs, which not only alter the state of patients with metabolic diseases but also affect the communication between metabolic organs.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
William T. Festuccia
Summary: Evidence suggests that lipotoxicity and inflammation are key factors linking adipose tissue dysfunction to metabolic diseases, with mTOR playing a crucial role in regulating adipocyte and macrophage function. Studies reviewed here show that optimal levels of mTORC1 activity are necessary for lipogenic actions in adipocytes, while mTORC1 also regulates polarization in macrophages. On the other hand, mTORC2 promotes glucose uptake and lipogenesis in adipocytes while dampening macrophage inflammatory response.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oscar Osorio-Conles, Arturo Vega-Beyhart, Ainitze Ibarzabal, Jose Maria Balibrea, Josep Vidal, Ana de Hollanda
Summary: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of dangerous heart attack risk factors. This study compares the dysfunction of obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) between women with severe obesity with or without metabolic syndrome. The results show that women with metabolic syndrome exhibit greater adipocyte hypertrophy, increased fibrosis, and higher expression of macrophage and hypoxia markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marina Chaves de Oliveira, Ana Leticia Malheiros Silveira, Amanda Carla Clemente de Oliveira, Jaqueline Pereira Lana, Katia Anunciacao Costa, Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira, Vanessa Pinho, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Fatiha Merabtene, Genevieve Marcelin, Karine Clement, Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
Summary: This study evaluated the participation of eosinophils in metabolic and adipose tissue homeostasis in mice and humans, showing that eosinophils play a role in controlling systemic and adipose tissue metabolic homeostasis by modulating glucose metabolism, inflammation, and visceral fat expansion. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic-related diseases.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lindsey J. Anderson, Jonathan Lee, Barbara Anderson, Benjamin Lee, Dorota Migula, Adam Sauer, Nicole Chong, Haiming Liu, Peter C. Wu, Atreya Dash, Yi-Ping Li, Jose M. Garcia
Summary: Cancer-related weight loss is associated with elevated levels of inflammation, lipolysis, and browning markers. BMI is associated with increased energy expenditure.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Muhei Tanaka, Hiroshi Okada, Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Muneaki Kumagai, Hiromi Nishimura, Michiaki Fukui
Summary: This study found that intraperitoneal VAT (IVAT) and retroperitoneal VAT (RVAT) are differently associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. IVAT area index was independently associated with MS and its components, while RVAT area index was only associated with the blood pressure component.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jessica Latorre, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Nuria Oliveras-Canellas, Francisco Ortega, Ferran Comas, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real, Jose Maria Moreno-Navarrete
Summary: This study investigated the role of CDO1 gene expression in adipose tissue and found that higher CDO1 expression was associated with improved metabolic profiles, decreased fasting triglycerides and blood HbA1c levels, as well as gene expression markers of adipocyte function and inflammation in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lucia Baila-Rueda, Ana Cenarro, Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo, Victoria Marco-Benedi, Irene Gracia-Rubio, Maria Carmen Casamayor-Franco, Jose M. Arbones-Mainar, Fernando Civeira, Martin Laclaustra
Summary: This study found that cholesterol and oxidized metabolites in adipose tissue are associated with metabolic characteristics. Insulin is positively correlated with hydroxycholesterol, and leptin is also positively correlated with hydroxycholesterol. There is a positive correlation between tissue cholesterol and hydroxycholesterol.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Safaa H. Hammoud, Ibrahim AlZaim, Yusra Al-Dhaheri, Ali H. Eid, Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
Summary: Healthy adipose tissue is crucial for human wellbeing, contributing to energy balance and internal organ insulation, and playing a role in synthesizing and secreting adipokines affecting glucose and lipid balance. Inflammation induced by obesity in adipose tissue is linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases, while alterations in perirenal adipose tissue have implications for renal and cardiovascular function. This suggests potential avenues for future pharmacological therapies targeting adipose tissue immunometabolism in the treatment of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Jacob D. Garritson, Sihem Boudina
Summary: Research suggests that adipose tissue plays a significant role in maintaining metabolic health, with lifestyle interventions such as exercise showing potential for improving metabolic stability and reducing cardiometabolic disorders. The plasticity of adipose tissue in response to external stimuli highlights the importance of understanding the systemic and local effects of exercise on white and brown adipose tissue cellularity and metabolic function.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriana Fodor, Andrada Luciana Lazar, Cristina Buchman, Brandusa Tiperciuc, Olga Hilda Orasan, Angela Cozma
Summary: MetS is a complex entity that increases the risk of various diseases, including type two diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. miRNAs play an important role in cancer genesis, progression, and metastasis, and the altered secretion of miRs in adipose tissue may explain their involvement in oncogenesis. The interaction between miRs expressed in adipose tissue, their dysregulation, and cancer pathogenesis are still intriguing, as miRNAs exhibit both carcinogenic and tumor suppressor effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
N. Abu Rached, T. Gambichler, L. Ocker, M. Skrygan, C. Seifert, C. H. Scheel, E. Stockfleth, F. G. Bechara
Summary: This study compared haptoglobin with previously proposed serum biomarkers for determining disease severity in HS patients. It was found that haptoglobin levels were significantly correlated with disease severity and were identified as the only independent marker predicting severe HS.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Bahar Zehra Camurdanoglu Weber, Dilsad H. Arabaci, Serkan Kir
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a disorder characterized by wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, leading to severe weight loss. There is a limited range of treatment options available for this condition. Changes in metabolic pathways in adipose tissue are associated with cancer cachexia. The energy-wasting circuits in adipose tissue impact whole-body metabolism, particularly skeletal muscle. Targeting key molecular players involved in metabolic reprogramming may help in developing new treatment strategies for cancer cachexia.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Naveen M. Reddy, Stephanie L. Mayne, Lindsay R. Pool, Penny Gordon-Larsen, John Jeffrey Carr, James G. Terry, Kiarri N. Kershaw
Summary: This study found that Black adults who lived in more segregated neighborhoods during young adulthood were more likely to develop coronary artery calcification (CAC), partly due to differences in CAC risk factors accumulated over time.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Leonardo Pippa Gadioli, Fernand Aparecida Costa, Henrique Turin Moreira, Julio Cesar Crescencio, Camila Quaglio Bertini, Fabiana Marques, Minna Moreira Dias Romano, Louren Gallo Junior, Andre Schmidt
Summary: Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) remains a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common consequence of RMS and can serve as an indicator of disease severity. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) offers a comprehensive assessment of the cardiorespiratory system and can identify indirect signs of PH. This study retrospectively evaluated the relationship between CPET parameters and PH quantified by echocardiography in patients with RMS.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Adam J. Santanasto, Joseph M. Zmuda, Ryan K. Cvejkus, Christopher L. Gordon, Sangeeta Nair, J. Jeffrey Carr, James G. Terry, Victor W. Wheeler, Iva Miljkovic
Summary: This study examined the association between myosteatosis and physical function in African Caribbean men. The results showed that myosteatosis in the calf and thigh was strongly associated with grip strength and performance measures of physical function, while myosteatosis in the abdomen may have some utility when abdominal images are all that are available.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Corey W. Bown, Omair A. Khan, Dandan Liu, Samuel W. Remedios, Kimberly R. Pechman, James G. Terry, Sangeeta Nair, L. Taylor Davis, Bennett A. Landman, Katherine A. Gifford, Timothy J. Hohman, John Jeffrey Carr, Angela L. Jefferson
Summary: This study found that enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are difficult to quantify and their etiologies and consequences are unclear. The results suggest that higher aortic stiffness is associated with greater basal ganglia ePVS burden, and ePVS burden is associated with adverse cognitive trajectory, highlighting the clinical relevance of ePVS.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Venkat S. Manubolu, Song Mao, April Kinninger, Suraj Dahal, Khadije Ahmad, Ruby Havistin, Yanlin Gao, Chris Dailing, J. Jeffrey Carr, Sion K. Roy, Matthew J. Budoff
Summary: This study examined the relationship between thoracic spine bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. The results showed a significant inverse relationship between BMD and CAC in both genders. Further research is needed to explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yingnan Song, Ammar Hoori, Hao Wu, Mani Vembar, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Leslie Ciancibello, James G. Terry, David R. R. Jacobs Jr, John Jeffrey Carr, David L. Wilson
Summary: Our goal is to improve CT calcium scores by extracting quantitative features from individual calcifications. We performed deconvolution to improve the bias/reproducibility of small calcification assessments, which can be degraded at the normal CT calcium score image resolution.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yariv Gerber, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, David R. Jacobs, Jennifer Y. Liu, Jamal S. Rana, Barbara Sternfeld, J. Jeffrey Carr, Paul D. Thompson, Stephen Sidney
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Vinithra Varadarajan, Samuel S. Gidding, Colin Wu, J. Jeffrey Carr, Joao A. C. Lima
Summary: The increasing prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, along with worsening environmental factors, has led to a growing burden of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Noninvasive imaging techniques, including vascular ultrasound, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging, play a significant role in identifying early cardiovascular disease phenotypes. This article reviews the various imaging modalities used for the evaluation, characterization, and quantification of early subclinical cardiovascular diseases.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Duke Appiah, Catherine Kim, Taylor Fuquay, Cornelia de Riese, Imo A. Ebong, Chike C. Nwabuo
Summary: Maternal age at last birth of child is increasing in the United States, and it has been reported to influence future chronic diseases. In this study of nationally-representative sample of postmenopausal women, there was no conclusive association between maternal age at last birth of child and cardiovascular disease mortality later in life.
MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amir S. Heravi, Di Zhao, Erin D. Michos, Henrique Doria De Vasconcellos, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Pamela J. Schreiner, Jared P. Reis, James M. Shikany, Cora E. Lewis, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Eliseo Guallar, Pamela Ouyang, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Joao A. C. Lima, Wendy S. Post, Dhananjay Vaidya
Summary: This study investigated the association between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases, finding that female individuals had higher levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, factors such as higher body mass index, lipid levels, smoking, and lack of physical activity were also associated with higher oxidative stress. This suggests that oxidative stress may play an important role in cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brian T. Steffen, David R. Jacobs, So-Yun Yi, Simon J. Lees, James M. Shikany, James G. Terry, Cora E. Lewis, John J. Carr, Xia Zhou, Lyn M. Steffen
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether long-term intake of artificial sweeteners and diet beverages is associated with higher fat deposition and risk of obesity. The results showed that long-term intake of sweeteners and diet beverages was associated with increased fat deposition, weight gain, and higher risk of obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kaiwen Xu, Mirza S. Khan, Thomas Z. Li, Riqiang Gao, James G. Terry, Yuankai Huo, Thomas A. Lasko, John Jeffrey Carr, Fabien Maldonado, Bennett A. Landman, Kim L. Sandler
Summary: This study evaluated the added value of CT-based AI-derived body composition measurements in predicting the risk of lung cancer incidence, lung cancer death, cardiovascular disease death, and all-cause mortality. The results showed that these measurements improved the risk prediction for lung cancer death, CVD death, and all-cause mortality, but not for lung cancer incidence.
Article
Oncology
Duke Appiah, Carina R. Goodart, Grishma K. Kothari, Imo A. Ebong, Chike C. Nwabuo
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between chemotherapy and mortality outcomes in patients with PMCTs, and found that patients who received chemotherapy had a lower risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Patients who received both chemotherapy and surgery had the lowest risk of all-cause and cancer mortality.