Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 2702-2711Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2535337
Keywords
Electric vehicle; Kalman filter; improved vehicle-to-home (iV2H); off-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
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Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [PEst-UID/CEC/00319/2013]
- Doctoral Scholarship through the Portuguese FCT Agency [SFRH/BD/80155/2011, SFRH/BD/87999/2012]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/87999/2012, SFRH/BD/80155/2011] Funding Source: FCT
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This paper presents experimental results of electric vehicle (EV) operation as an off-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Besides the traditional grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid modes, this paper presents an improved vehicle-to-home operation mode. This new operation mode consists of the detection of a power outage in the power grid and the change of the EV battery charger control to operate as an off-line UPS. When the power grid voltage is restored, the voltage produced by the on-board EV battery charger is slowly synchronized with the power grid voltage before a complete transition to the normal mode. This paper presents results of two algorithms to detect a power outage: the root mean square (rms) calculation method based on half-cycle of the power grid voltage, and the rms estimation based on a Kalman filter. The experimental results were obtained in steady and transient state considering two cases with the EV plugged in at home:when charging the batteries and without charging the batteries. This paper describes the EV battery charger, the power outage detection methods, and the voltage and current control strategies.
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