Journal
GENETICS
Volume 207, Issue 4, Pages 1313-1333Publisher
GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300359
Keywords
Meiosis; Histone phosphorylation; Mek1; DNA damage response; Chromosome structure
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute Cancer Center support grant [P30 CA-008748]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [T32 BM-008539]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 GM-058673, R35 GM-118092, R01 GM-050717]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15H04625, 26291018, 17H03711]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H03711, 17H06380, 15H04625, 26291018] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mek1 is a CHK2/Rad53-family kinase that regulates meiotic recombination and progression upon its activation in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The full catalog of direct Mek1 phosphorylation targets remains unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylation of histone H3 on threonine 11 (H3 T11ph) is induced by meiotic DSBs in S. cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Molecular genetic experiments in S. cerevisiae confirmed that Mek1 is required for H3 T11ph and revealed that phosphorylation is rapidly reversed when Mek1 kinase is no longer active. Reconstituting histone phosphorylation in vitro with recombinant proteins demonstrated that Mek1 directly catalyzes H3 T11 phosphorylation. Mutating H3 T11 to nonphosphorylatable residues conferred no detectable defects in otherwise unperturbed meiosis, although the mutations modestly reduced spore viability in certain strains where Rad51 is used for strand exchange in place of Dmc1. H3 T11ph is therefore mostly dispensable for Mek1 function. However, H3 T11ph provides an excellent marker of ongoing Mek1 kinase activity in vivo. Anti-H3 T11ph chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing demonstrated that H3 T11ph was highly enriched at presumed sites of attachment of chromatin to chromosome axes, gave a more modest signal along chromatin loops, and was present at still lower levels immediately adjacent to DSB hotspots. These localization patterns closely tracked the distribution of Red1 and Hop1, axis proteins required for Mek1 activation. These findings provide insight into the spatial disposition of Mek1 kinase activity and the higher order organization of recombining meiotic chromosomes.
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