Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ranjana Soni, Gauri Shankar, Pradipto Mukhopadhyay, Vikrant Gupta
Summary: Malaria is a major global health concern and previous measures to control and cure it are being hampered by drug resistance. Artemisinin derived from sweet wormwood is highly effective against the malaria-causing parasite and is a major component of current treatments. However, there is a limited supply of artemisinin, and novel strategies and advanced scientific methods are needed to meet global demand.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy, Gisele E. Loe, Olivia Jansen, Lucia Mamede, Allison Ledoux, Sandra Fankem Noukimi, Suh Nchang Abenwie, Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu, Jacob Souopgui, Annie Robert, Kristiaan Demeyer, Michel Frederich
Summary: This article discusses the important compounds present in Artemisia species, such as Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra, which have anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties. These compounds include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and polyphenols. The toxicity of these plants and the anti-malaria properties of other Artemisia species are also discussed.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tian-Tian Chen, Xing-Hao Yao, Hang Liu, Yong-Peng Li, Wei Qin, Xin Yan, Xiu-Yun Wang, Bo-Wen Peng, Yao-Jie Zhang, Jin Shao, Xin-Yi Hu, Qing Miao, Xue-Qing Fu, Yu-Liang Wang, Ling Li, Ke-Xuan Tang
Summary: A MADS transcription factor, AaSEP4, has been identified as a positive regulator of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. AaSEP4 activates the expression of GLANDULAR TRICHOME-SPECIFIC WRKY1 and directly binds to its promoter region. Overexpression of AaSEP4 significantly increases artemisinin content in A. annua, making it a potential target for enhancing artemisinin production.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingxing Wang, Wenjing Sun, Shiyuan Fang, Boran Dong, JinXing Li, Zongyou Lv, Wankui Li, Wansheng Chen
Summary: Artemisinin, extracted from Artemisia annua L., is an important drug for malaria treatment and has potential applications in other diseases. The regulatory mechanism of artemisinin production is still not well understood. In this study, WRKY6 was identified as a key transcription factor that binds to the promoter of the artemisinin biosynthesis gene DBR2, thereby regulating artemisinin synthesis and content during the growth cycle of A. annua.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jose Abramo Marchese, Jorge F. S. Ferreira, Rita Maria Moraes, Franck E. Dayan, Michelle F. F. Rodrigues, Jorge Jamhour, Lucas Vinicius Dallacorte
Summary: In this study, a phenological scale was established for Artemisia annua L. to facilitate successful cross-pollination and breeding. The scale divided the plant's growth cycle into the vegetative phase and reproductive phase, with distinct stages identified through daily observations and photographs. The experiments showed that genotypes from different geographic origins demonstrate better synchronization under both short days and low temperatures, and the concentration and yield of artemisinin vary depending on the photoperiod and growth phase.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ningyi Zhang, Haohong Yang, Tianqi Han, Hyoung Seok Kim, Leo F. M. Marcelis
Summary: This study aimed to increase artemisinin production by manipulating greenhouse light environment using LEDs. The results showed that supplemental green and UV-B increased leaf glandular trichome density, but other light spectra had little effect on plant morphology and biomass. However, concentrations of artemisinin showed marginal differences between the light treatments. Therefore, increasing trichome density in greenhouse production has potential, but the trade-off between light effects on plant growth and trichome initiation needs to be considered.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Li Ping Zheng, Xin Ping Li, Lu Lu Zhou, Jian Wen Wang
Summary: Artemisia annua is the sole plant source of artemisinin, the key component of first-line antimalarial drug, but its content is low. Research on endophytic microbes in the plant aims to understand their regulatory roles in A. annua growth and artemisinin production. Endophytes promote plant growth by enhancing photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and phytohormones, while also participating in plant defense against microbial pathogens.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Boran Dong, Xingxing Wang, Rui Jiang, Shiyuan Fang, Jinxing Li, Qing Li, Zong You Lv, Wan Sheng Chen
Summary: In this study, AaCycTL was found to regulate trichome development and affect the content of artemisinin in Artemisia annua. Overexpression of AaCycTL in Arabidopsis and A. annua resulted in changes in wax coverage on the plant surface and decreased trichome density. The interaction between AaCycTL and AaTAR1 was identified, indicating a potential role of AaCycTL in regulating trichome density and artemisinin biosynthesis.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Umit Babacan, Mehmet Fatih Cengiz, Mariem Bouali, Timur Tongur, Songul Sever Mutlu, Enes Gulmez
Summary: Artemisinin, the main active compound in Artemisia annua L., has been found to have antimalarial and antiviral properties. This study successfully optimized a HPLC method for the determination of artemisinin content in A. annua samples and also optimized the extraction conditions for the compound.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shuwei Chang, Qi Li, Baokang Huang, Wansheng Chen, Hexin Tan
Summary: This study systematically identified and characterized 226 putative bHLH transcription factors in A. annua. These transcription factors play important roles in regulating key biological processes such as artemisinin biosynthesis and trichome development.
Article
Horticulture
Federica Blando, Francesca Rizzello, Miriana Durante, Angelo De Paolis, Sofia Caretto, Giovanni Mita
Summary: This study established an in vitro regeneration process of Artemisia annua L. and investigated the potential of tissue culture to induce new variability in artemisinin metabolism. The results showed that adventitious shoot induction could provide a useful strategy to impact artemisinin metabolism through in vitro manipulation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhaoyu Liu, Yupeng Du, Zhihao Sun, Bohan Cheng, Zenghao Bi, Zhicheng Yao, Yuting Liang, Huiling Zhang, Run Yao, Shen Kang, Yuhua Shi, Huihua Wan, Dou Qin, Li Xiang, Liang Leng, Shilin Chen
Summary: Gene annotation is crucial for genome-based research, but algorithm-based annotation may not accurately reveal genomic information for species with complex genomes. In this study, we manually corrected the genome annotation of Artemisia annua using transcriptome data and found that gene annotation errors can affect gene structure, function, and expression levels.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kaiser Iqbal Wani, M. Naeem, M. Masroor A. Khan, Tariq Aftab
Summary: This study investigates the role of strigolactones (SLs) in alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Artemisia annua plants. The results show that SLs improve the photosynthetic performance and Cd tolerance by modulating the antioxidant enzyme system, protecting chloroplasts and pigments, and enhancing glandular trichome (GT) attributes.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mircea Coroian, Loredana Maria Pop, Virgilia Popa, Zsuzsa Friss, Ovidiu Oprea, Zsuzsa Kalmar, Adela Pintea, Silvia-Diana Borsan, Viorica Mircean, Iustina Lobontiu, Dumitru Militaru, Rodica Varban, Adriana Gyorke
Summary: The study found that Artemisia annua showed promising results in the prophylaxis of coccidiosis in farm-reared broiler chickens, leading to decreased oocyst numbers and lower lesion scores compared to the control group. The broiler chickens treated with A. annua also showed improved feed conversion rates, indicating its potential benefits for poultry farming.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yongpeng Li, Yinkai Yang, Pengyang Li, Miaomiao Sheng, Ling Li, Xiaojing Ma, Zhiyan Du, Kexuan Tang, Xiaolong Hao, Guoyin Kai
Summary: In this study, it was found that the environmental factors light and abscisic acid (ABA) can synergistically promote the expression of artemisinin biosynthetic genes. The transcription factor AaABI5 plays a crucial role in enhancing artemisinin biosynthesis by activating the expression of four core biosynthetic genes. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of artemisinin production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chindiana Khutami, Sri Adi Sumiwi, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Summary: This review discusses the activity of antioxidant compounds against obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, along with their molecular signaling mechanisms. These antioxidant compounds exhibit activity against the three metabolic disorders through various molecular signaling pathways, and further research may help in predicting drug targets for optimal effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raissa Volpatto Marques, Stefania Enza Sestito, Frederic Bourgaud, Sissi Miguel, Frederic Cailotto, Pascal Reboul, Jean-Yves Jouzeau, Sophie Rahuel-Clermont, Sandrine Boschi-Muller, Henrik Toft Simonsen, David Moulin
Summary: The study found that the biologically active extracts of Dicranum majus and Thuidium delicatulum exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects, potentially serving as a perspective for developing innovative therapeutic agents.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Citra Dewi, Adryan Fristiohady, Riezki Amalia, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Sugeng Ibrahim, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Summary: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype with poor prognosis. Natural compounds have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents for TNBC and may offer solutions to drug resistance issues.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Derif A. Abdullah, Cecep Suhandi, Sri A. Sumiwi, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
Summary: This study aimed to determine the topical anti-inflammatory activity of gel formulations with different concentrations of essential oils from Alpinia malaccensis and Kaempferia galanga rhizomes. Based on physical evaluation, hedonic test and anti-inflammatory activity, the best formula was determined to be 5% Alpinia malaccensis and 2.5% Kaempferia galanga essential oils, with an inflammation inhibition rate of 36.32 +/- 6.32%.
Article
Parasitology
Miguel Pena-Espinoza, Yeambell Romero-Uzqueda, Angela H. Valente, Matthew de Roode, Henrik T. Simonsen, Stig M. Thamsborg, Andrew R. Williams, Rodrigo Lopez-Munoz
Summary: This study is the first to report the anti-protozoal activity of C. intybus against trypanosomatid parasites. The extracts from this plant showed trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi and certain compounds were identified to be responsible for this effect. Further research on the active compounds and their modes of action is essential for harnessing the biomedical potential of C. intybus as a source of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi Lu, Finnur Freyr Eiriksson, Margret Thorsteinsdottir, Nils Cronberg, Henrik Toft Simonsen
Summary: Bryophytes, such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, have attracted researchers due to their diverse chemicals and potential applications in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. They accumulate long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (l-PUFA) to maintain cell fluidity in cold environments. While Iceland has a rich bryophyte vegetation, the lipid profiles of these plants are largely unknown. In this study, lipidomics analysis was performed on 39 local bryophyte species in Iceland using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, revealing that six moss species had abundant arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in their phospholipids and glycerolipids.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Ikhsan Guswenrivo, Ade Zuhrotun, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Summary: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and conventional chemotherapy treatment is often ineffective. However, essential oils have shown promising pharmacological effects in anti-breast cancer research, making them potential drug candidates with high efficacy and minimal side effects.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wiwit Nurhidayah, Eva Maria Widyasari, Isti Daruwati, Isa Mahendra, Toto Subroto, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Summary: The high incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer highlight the urgent need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Alpha mangostin (AM), a natural compound, has shown potential in inhibiting breast cancer. This study aims to prepare [I-131]I-AM and evaluate its stability, lipophilicity, and cellular uptake in breast cancer cell lines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Ikhsan Guswenrivo, Ade Zurohtun, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Summary: This research study focused on developing essential oil-based repellent activity tests against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The steam distillation method was used to isolate essential oils, and 10% essential oil repellents were tested on volunteers' arms using virus-free Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The analysis of essential oil activities and aroma components was conducted using headspace repellent and GC-MS methods. The results showed that patchouli and cinnamon had the highest average repellent power, and the chemical compounds in these oils have the potential to be environmentally friendly mosquito repellents.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ida Musfiroh, Rahmana E. Kartasasmita, Slamet Ibrahim, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Syahrul Hidayat, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
Summary: This study demonstrated that asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound, exhibits stable binding to COX-2 and inhibits its activity, making it a potential anti-inflammatory candidate.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anantha Peramuna, Carmen Quinonero Lopez, Francisco Javier Astorga Rios, Hansol Bae, Jonatan Ulrik Fangel, Rituraj Batth, Jesper Harholt, Henrik Toft Simonsen
Summary: Regulation of cell division is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms. Physcomitrium differs from other plants by having cell division checks at both the G1 to S and G2 to M transition. Manipulating the expression of cell cycle regulators in Bryophytes can increase cell division without detrimental phenotypes, offering potential insights for plant growth regulation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luthfi Utami Setyawati, Wiwit Nurhidayah, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
Summary: A systematic review was conducted to summarize the research on the safety profile of mangosteen pericarp (GM) containing alpha mangostin (AM). The LD50 and NOAEL values of AM were determined through general toxicity tests. The results provide valuable information for the development of GM-or-AM-based products.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ida Musfiroh, Mus Ifaya, I. Sahidin, Dewi M. D. Herawati, Ami Tjitraresmi, Syawal Abdurrahman, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
Summary: This study found that the phenolic compound luteolin isolated from henna leaves has the potential as an anti-diabetic agent, demonstrated by its ability to suppress the digestion of the alpha-amylase enzyme. Molecular docking experiments showed strong binding energy between the compound and both alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, indicating its efficacy. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations and ADME-Tox modeling supported its characteristics and potential as a treatment option for diabetes.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Ali Muhammad Zakariya, Mohd Zuwairi Saiman, Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli, Henrik Toft Simonsen
Summary: Artemisinin is a commercially important natural medicinal compound known for its antimalarial activity. Its low accumulation in the native plant and difficult chemical synthesis have hindered its production and commercialization. To overcome this, a technique involving the direct in vivo assembly of DNA fragments in the moss, P. patens, was successfully established for the heterologous production of artemisinin. This bioengineering approach provides a more sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable platform not only for artemisinin production but also for other high-value specialized metabolites in the future.