Article
Neurosciences
Jeffrey Cockburn, Vincent Man, William A. Cunningham, John P. O'Doherty
Summary: This study aims to unravel the influence of novelty and uncertainty on the balance between exploration and exploitation. The study identifies separate mechanisms through which exploration is directed, showing that uncertainty-directed exploration is sensitive to the potential benefit of new information, while novelty-directed exploration is maintained regardless of potential advantages. Furthermore, using fMRI and computational framework, the study reveals that uncertainty-directed choice is rooted in an adaptive bias, while novelty persistently promotes exploration by inflating reward expectations.
Review
Psychiatry
Megan Snelleksz, Susan L. Rossell, Andrew Gibbons, Jess Nithianantharajah, Brian Dean
Summary: Research suggests that the frontal pole is significantly impacted in schizophrenia, with more gene expression changes compared to other brain regions. The frontal pole is essential for higher cognitive functions and has extensive connections with various brain regions. Dysfunction in the frontal pole plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, with structural, cellular, and molecular abnormalities contributing to the symptoms of the disorder.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Justin M. Fine, David J. -N. Maisson, Seng Bum Michael Yoo, Tyler V. Cash-Padgett, Maya Zhe Wang, Jan Zimmermann, Benjamin Y. Hayden
Summary: An important question in neuroeconomics is how the brain represents the value of offers in a way that allows for comparison while preserving the details that influence value. This study examined neuronal responses in male macaques and found that there was no overlap in neural coding between risky and safe options, even when the options had identical subjective values. However, these regions were linked through a linear transform of their encodings, allowing for comparison of different types of options.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Liping Yu, Jiawei Hu, Chenlin Shi, Li Zhou, Maozhi Tian, Jiping Zhang, Jinghong Xu
Summary: The study demonstrates the essential role of auditory cortex in information encoding and maintenance during an auditory working memory task, particularly in the early delay period.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antonio Fernandez, Nina M. Hanning, Marisa Carrasco
Summary: This study investigates the causal role of rFEF+ and V1/V2 in endogenous attention using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The results show that early visual areas do not modulate endogenous attention, while rFEF+ plays a critical role in this process.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Giulia Prete, Chiara Lucafo, Gianluca Malatesta, Luca Tommasi
Summary: Researchers applied high-frequency transcranial Random Noise Stimulation on the right supramarginal gyrus and found that it modulated participants' performance in a duration judgment task. Results revealed that in the group exposed to a longer adaptor, Point of Subjective Equality values were higher during stimulation than during sham.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
I Caprara, P. Janssen
Summary: Experimental evidence in macaque monkeys suggests that the frontal areas F5a and 45B play important roles in visually guided grasping, with the most significant impact observed in area F5p.
Article
Biology
Ian Krajbich, Andres Mitsumasu, Rafael Polania, Christian C. Ruff, Ernst Fehr
Summary: Recent studies have indicated a close functional relationship between visual attention and decision making. In this study, inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right frontal eye field (FEF) was found to causally impact decision making by reducing the influence of gaze dwell time on choice and increasing reaction times. Computational modeling using the attentional drift diffusion model (aDDM) further revealed that FEF inhibition decreases the relative discounting of the non-fixated option in the comparison process.
Article
Neurosciences
Vivien Rabadan, Camille Ricou, Marianne Latinus, Nadia Aguillon-Hernandez, Claire Wardak
Summary: Wearing a face mask affects the visual exploration and pupil reactivity to a face, but does not significantly impact emotional perception.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Tomasz Gorkiewicz, Konrad Danielewski, Karolina Andraka, Kacper Kondrakiewicz, Ksenia Meyza, Jan Kaminski, Ewelina Knapska
Summary: This study investigated the role of social support in fear extinction using a behavioral model and neuroscientific methods. The results showed that the presence of a partner during fear extinction training can inhibit fear response, but this effect is transient and differs from the mechanisms of individual extinction.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefanie Verstraelen, Kim van Dun, Siel Depestele, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Asif Jamil, Ensiyeh Ghasemian-Shirvan, Michael A. Nitsche, Shanti Van Malderen, Stephan P. Swinnen, Koen Cuypers, Raf L. J. Meesen
Summary: The study found that the left PMd plays a crucial role in planning bimanual movement speed and coordination accuracy, while the right PMd is involved in continuous adjustment processes of movement stability.
Article
Neurosciences
Ignacio Obeso, Maria-Trinidad Herrero, Romain Ligneul, John C. Rothwell, Marjan Jahanshahi
Summary: This study provides evidence for the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in exploration and risky decision-making, particularly in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Stimulation of the right DLPFC increased sensitivity to reinforcers, leading to avoidance of risky choices and promoting advantageous decisions during the task.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Bjorn Meder, Charley M. Wu, Eric Schulz, Azzurra Ruggeri
Summary: The study reveals strong developmental differences in children's abilities to exploit environmental structure, with performance and adaptiveness of sampling decisions increasing with age. Both uncertainty-directed and random exploration are found in children's behavior, with the amount of random exploration decreasing significantly as children get older, indicating a developmental cooling off process in sampling randomness.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ellen M. Kok, Bettina Sorger, Koos van Geel, Andreas Gegenfurtner, Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer, Simon G. F. Robben, Anique B. H. de Bruin
Summary: Radiologists can visually detect abnormalities on radiographs within 2 seconds, similar to how faces are processed holistically. The right fusiform face area (FFA) appears to be involved in visual expertise tasks like radiological image interpretation. In radiology, the right FFA shows more activation in the holistic mode of diagnostic processing than in the search-to-find mode, particularly for radiologists in training.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Yifan Cui, Michael R. Kosorok, Erik Sverdrup, Stefan Wager, Ruoqing Zhu
Summary: Forest-based methods have gained popularity for non-parametric treatment effect estimation. In this study, causal survival forests are introduced to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects in survival and observational settings with right-censored outcomes. The approach relies on orthogonal estimating equations to adjust for both censoring and selection effects under unconfoundedness. Experimental results show that the approach performs well compared to various baselines.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Monika Liguz-Lecznar, Joanna Urban-Ciecko, Malgorzata Kossut
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
Malgorzata Jasinska, Ewa Siucinska, Ewa Jasek, Jan A. Litwin, Elzbieta Pyza, Malgorzata Kossut
Article
Neurosciences
Weronika Debowska, Tomasz Wolak, Anna Nowicka, Anna Kozak, Marcin Szwed, Malgorzata Kossut
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
Katarzyna Giertuga, Marta Z. Zakrzewska, Maksymilian Bielecki, Ewa Racicka-Pawlukiewicz, Malgorzata Kossut, Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Kalina Burnat, Tjing-Tjing Hu, Malgorzata Kossut, Ulf T. Eysel, Lutgarde Arckens
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2017)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Grzegorz Dobrzanski, Malgorzata Kossut
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Natalia Kowalczyk, Feng Shi, Mikolaj Magnuski, Maciek Skorko, Pawel Dobrowolski, Bartosz Kossowski, Artur Marchewka, Maksymilian Bielecki, Malgorzata Kossut, Aneta Brzezicka
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Rozycka, Agata Charzynska, Zuzanna Misiewicz, Tomasz Maciej Stepniewski, Alicja Sobolewska, Malgorzata Kossut, Monika Liguz-Lecznar
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Agnieszka Lukomska, Grzegorz Dobrzanski, Monika Liguz-Lecznar, Malgorzata Kossut
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Maria Bierzynska, Pamela Anna Sobczak, Anna Kozak, Maksymilian Bielecki, Jan Strelau, Malgorzata Maria Kossut
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Karolina Laskowska-Macios, Lutgarde Arckens, Malgorzata Kossut, Kalina Burnat
ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS
(2017)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Otto W. Witte, Malgorzata Kossut
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Maria Bierzynska, Maksymilian Bielecki, Artur Marchewka, Weronika Debowska, Anna Duszyk, Wojciech Zajkowski, Marcel Falkiewicz, Anna Nowicka, Jan Strelau, Malgorzata Kossut
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2016)