Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ze Long Liu, Bianka Mecaj, Matthias Neubert, Xing Wang
Summary: This paper discusses the resummation of Sudakov logarithms for processes described at subleading power in soft-collinear effective theory, using renormalization-group improved perturbation theory. Endpoint divergences in convolution integrals are regularized and removed by systematically rearranging the factorization formula. The example of b-quark induced h -> gamma gamma decay of the Higgs boson is studied in detail, with resummation of large logarithms at next-to-leading logarithmic order, along with a brief discussion on the related gg -> h amplitude.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Altland, Julian Sonner
Summary: This paper explores the relationship between quantum chaotic systems and random matrix theory, describing an effective field theory description derived from a simple symmetry-breaking principle and Goldstone modes. It also discusses a general framework within AdS/CFT for expressing correlations between different universes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Winer, Brian Swingle
Summary: The spectral statistics of quantum chaotic systems are influenced by global symmetries and symmetry breaking, showing clear signatures in the energy eigenvalues.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Arkadiusz Bochniak, Zohar Nussinov, Alexander Seidel, Gerardo Ortiz
Summary: This study advances a microscopic framework that rigorously reveals the topological hallmarks of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) fluids, establishing a prerequisite for the classification of strongly-coupled topological matter. The authors present a fusion mechanism for particle fractionalization and propose a conjecture on the universal long-distance behavior of edge excitations in fractional quantum Hall fluids.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Amit Gordon, Aditya Banerjee, Maciej Koch-Janusz, Zohar Ringel
Summary: The article discusses a method for finding relevant degrees of freedom in complex physical systems using information bottleneck theory, which is related to the renormalization group theory in field theory. This approach provides an exploration of physical interpretability in the application of deep learning in physics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A-Ra Cho, Eunkyung Suh, Hyoju Oh, Baek Hwan Cho, Minchan Gil, Yun-Kyong Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between body fat and muscle percentages and natural killer cell activity (NKA). The study conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 8058 subjects in a medical center in Korea. The results showed that low NKA was significantly associated with low muscle mass and muscle percentage in both men and women, while high fat percentage was associated with low NKA in men.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Douglas S. Glazier
Summary: Many biological traits are strongly related to body size, with size-scaling relationships traditionally quantified using log-transformed data. While some argue for linear or non-linear regression with untransformed data, the use of logarithms in scaling analyses presents valuable advantages, allowing for meaningful comparisons of organisms of different sizes and revealing discontinuities in scale invariance that are not shown by arithmetic analyses. Log-transformation advances our understanding of biological scaling conceptually, not just statistically.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jerzy Cioslowski, Krzysztof Strasburger
Summary: The symmetry equiincidence principle quantifies the apportionment of natural orbitals among the irreducible representations of a point group, but it fails for certain groups.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhi-Feng Zhang, Qing-Rui Wang, Peng Ye
Summary: This article studies the fusion and shrinking rules of loops in three dimensions through field theory, and finds that the fusion may have non-Abelian properties.
Article
Optics
Chen-Xun Weng, Yu-Shuo Lu, Rui-Qi Gao, Yuan-Mei Xie, Jie Gu, Chen-Long Li, Bing-Hong Li, Hua-Lei Yin, Zeng-Bing Chen
Summary: This study introduces an effective multiparty QDS framework based on a six-state non-orthogonal encoding protocol, addressing the challenges of complex security analysis, numerous quantum channels, and low data utilization efficiency. It paves the way for future QDS networks by compensating for the absence of practical multiparty protocols.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyungtaek Jun, Hyunju Lee
Summary: This paper introduces a prime factorization method using a D-Wave quantum computer that could potentially pose a threat to the security of the RSA cryptosystem. The method involves representing prime numbers as qubits and minimizing a cost function to find the solution. The researchers successfully factorized large numbers using D-Wave's quantum annealer and a range-dependent Hamiltonian algorithm.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Julien Cornelius, Zhenyu Xu, Avadh Saxena, Aurelia Chenu, Adolfo del Campo
Summary: The study finds that balanced gain and loss in non-Hermitian evolution can enhance the manifestation of quantum chaos and provide a feasible experimental mechanism for spectral filtering.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xibo Zhang, Yang-Yang Chen, Longxiang Liu, Youjin Deng, Xiwen Guan
Summary: Quantum statistics plays a fundamental role in the laws of nature. The Haldane fractional exclusion statistics (FES) can emerge in the properties of elementary particles and hole excitations in a quantum system. The researchers in this study report a simple non-mutual FES that reveals particle-hole symmetry breaking in interacting Bose gases at a quantum critical point. They find that the macroscopic properties of these gases are determined by non-interacting quasi-particles that obey non-mutual FES in one and two dimensions. This work provides insights into the connection between interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking and macroscopic properties of many-body systems.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marquita W. Lewis-Thames, Marvin E. Langston, Saira Khan, Yunan Han, Lindsay Fuzzell, Shuai Xu, Justin Xavier Moore
Summary: Considering the rural-urban cancer incidence and mortality trends, it is crucial to study the survival trends for different racial and ethnic groups in the rural-urban areas. This study examined the 5-year cancer-specific survival probabilities for lung, prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers among diverse racial and ethnic groups in national rural-urban areas. The findings suggest that non-Hispanic Black patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to cancer burden, and action is needed to reverse the survival trends.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Elie Gouzien, Nicolas Sangouard
Summary: The study focuses on the performance of a quantum computer architecture that combines a small processor and a storage unit for integer factorization. By using a temporally and spatially multiplexed memory, the number of processing qubits can be reduced significantly, achieving efficient factorization of large RSA integers.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Letter
Anthropology
Tim J. Cole
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Charlotte Margaret Wright, Caroline Haig, Ulla Harjunmaa, Harshine Sivakanthan, Tim J. Cole
Summary: The study utilized routine data to investigate the impact of measurement error and short-term variation on infant weight and length gain. It found that changes in measurements over 8-week and 4-week intervals were more accurate in reflecting growth compared to changes over 2-week intervals.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Raphael Patcas, Heidi Keller, Goran Markic, Philipp Beit, Theodore Eliades, Tim J. Cole
Summary: This study applied the SITAR model to analyze mandibular growth data and found that it effectively summarized facial growth in puberty, providing detailed information on mandibular growth and its variance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Julia Suikkanen, Markku Nurhonen, Tim J. Cole, Marika Paalanne, Hanna-Maria Matinolli, Marjaana Tikanmaki, Marja Vaarasmaki, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Petteri Hovi, Eero Kajantie
Summary: The study found that pubertal growth and timing were similar in preterm and term participants, indicating that preterm children were not at increased risk for early puberty compared to term children.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Charlotte M. Wright, Tim J. Cole, Mary Fewtrell, Jane E. Williams, Simon Eaton, Jonathan C. Wells
Summary: This study found that younger children have lower levels of obesity, while older children with a higher BMI percentile have higher levels of fat mass. The current BMI percentile cutoffs overdiagnose obesity in younger groups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biology
David Bann, Liam Wright, Tim J. Cole
Summary: This study utilized GAMLSS to investigate the impact of multiple risk factors on the mean and variability of health outcomes. The results revealed significant associations between risk factors and outcome variability. This approach has broad applications in epidemiology, medicine, and psychology.
Article
Anthropology
Sandra Aravind Areekal, Pranay Goel, Anuradha Khadilkar, Vaman Khadilkar, Tim J. Cole
Summary: This study aimed to compare height growth centiles and curves in Indian children. The results showed that SITAR explained a large portion of the height variance, while GAMLSS displayed the distribution of height in the population. The study concluded that these two approaches provide distinct and useful information about child growth.
ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Aneurin Young, Tim J. Cole, Guo Cheng, Sarah Ennis, R. Mark Beattie, Mark John Johnson
Summary: This study compared weight gain in very preterm infants in England during two time periods and assessed factors influencing weight gain. The study found that weight gain was faster from birth to term equivalent age in the more recent time period and was associated with early initiation of parenteral nutrition and birth in a level 3 unit.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Tim J. Cole, Tim Lobstein
Summary: This study improved the algorithm for estimating the prevalence rates of child overweight and obesity based on different references. The revised algorithm performed better than the original, showing that it effectively harmonized prevalence rates.
Article
Pediatrics
Lai Ling Hui, Frederick K. Ho, Charlotte Margaret Wright, Tim J. Cole, Hugh Simon Lam, Han-Bing Deng, Hung-Kwan So, Patrick Ip, E. Anthony S. Nelson
Summary: Using the WHO head circumference standards would lead to the overdiagnosis of macrocephaly and the underdiagnosis of microcephaly, except for Indians and some Asian neonates. Population-specific cut-offs or references are more appropriate for many populations. Healthcare professionals need to be educated about the limitations of the WHO head circumference standards.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Watson, Tim J. Cole, Greta Lyons, Christopher Georgiou, Jieniean Worsley, Katherine Carr, Peter Murgatroyd, Carla Moran, Krishna Chatterjee, Michelle Venables
Summary: This study presents centile charts for an index of resting energy expenditure adjusted for lean mass versus age, applicable to both children and adults. The results indicate substantial variability in the index at different ages, and demonstrate the clinical utility of this chart in assessing response to therapy in patients with endocrine disorders.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Xuelian Wang, Lai Ling Hui, Tim J. Cole, E. Anthony S. Nelson, Hugh Simon Lam
Summary: This study compared the fitness of the INTERGROWTH-21st birth weight standards (INTERGROWTH21) with a local reference (FOK2003) for ethnic Chinese babies. The results showed that INTERGROWTH21 performed less well, especially in infants born <33 weeks' gestation, compared to FOK2003 in predicting complications related to small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. A more robust chart based on a larger sample of appropriately selected infants is needed.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Natasha Lelijveld, Sioned Cox, Kenneth Anujuo, Abena S. Amoah, Charles Opondo, Tim J. Cole, Jonathan C. K. Wells, Debbie Thompson, Kimberley McKenzie, Mubarek Abera, Melkamu Berhane, Marko Kerac
Summary: The objective of this study was to explore patterns of post-malnutrition growth during and after treatment and its associations with survival and non-communicable disease risk. The study found that faster weight gain during and after treatment was associated with lower risk of death and better health indicators. However, faster weight gain was also associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Charlotte Margaret Wright, Simon Chapman, Tim J. Cole
Summary: Growth charts have been essential for monitoring children's health for 50 years, but their use is threatened by the rise of paperless electronic systems. This article discusses the challenges and options in transitioning to electronic charting systems, including local and commercial packages, as well as a new initiative by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sandra Aravind Areekal, Anuradha Khadilkar, Pranay Goel, Tim J. Cole
Summary: This study compared the growth curves of Indian children with Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and a control group of children without diabetes, and examined how parental height and disease severity affect the growth pattern. The results showed that children with T1DM had slower growth, delayed and extended pubertal growth spurt. Additionally, parental height, age at diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration, and mean HbA1c level were significantly related to individual growth patterns.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2023)
