Article
Management
Francis de Vericourt, Huseyin Gurkan
Summary: Artificial intelligence systems are often better at making predictions than human experts, but professionals sometimes doubt their quality and override their recommendations. This paper examines how a decision maker can properly assess the quality of a machine's recommendations in high-stakes decisions. The study explores the evolution of the decision maker's beliefs and overruling decisions over time, identifying situations where the decision maker hesitates or incorrectly believes the machine is better. The findings provide insights into human-machine complementarity and offer guidelines for adopting or rejecting a machine.
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Roberto Bonanni, Ida Cariati, Virginia Tancredi, Riccardo Iundusi, Elena Gasbarra, Umberto Tarantino
Summary: Musculoskeletal pain is a growing problem that causes significant socio-economic burden. Understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms and the relationship between immune cells and neurons is crucial for effective evaluation and treatment of this pain.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas E. Juenger, Paul E. Verslues
Summary: Drought stress is a growing concern, and understanding plant drought resistance requires integration of multiple research disciplines. Using a common set of parameters to describe plant water status and quantify drought severity can enhance data interpretation and research integration.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yongpan Zou, Haibo Lei, Kaishun Wu
Summary: User authentication and identification on smart devices are important for data privacy and personalized services. This paper proposes a passive sensing system called EarID, which uses embedded microphones in customized earphones to sense body sounds and extract unique biometric 'fingerprints'. Through deep learning-based real-time data processing and handling external interference, EarID achieves low false acceptance rate and high F1 score for user authentication and identification.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Mylan Engel
Summary: The article discusses the paradox of fair lotteries, examining whether one is justified in believing their ticket will lose and whether they know it will lose. The author defends a position that one is justified in believing and knows their ticket will lose. Four different versions of the lottery paradox are discussed and a unified resolution is offered for each.
Article
Development Studies
Julio Lopez-Laborda, Fernando Rodrigo, Eduardo Sanz-Arcega
Summary: Surveys indicate that a majority of citizens are unable to correctly identify the taxes received or services provided by different levels of government. This lack of knowledge hinders democratic accountability and the potential efficiency gains from fiscal decentralisation. Utilizing data from the Spanish Institute for Fiscal Studies' Fiscal Barometer in 2015, this study identifies the characteristics of citizens who are most adept at identifying tax allocation among central, regional, and local governments. The findings suggest that individuals who can identify the government responsible for service provision, correctly identify other taxes received by the same government, reside in a foral region, and have a higher level of education are best able to identify tax allocation.
SOCIAL POLICY & ADMINISTRATION
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Kiran Kaur, Mojgan Talibi, Hit Parmar
Summary: This article introduces the characteristics and applications of alumina as a dental ceramic material, discusses various alumina-based ceramic systems available on the market, and briefly describes the preparation design and cementation requirements.
BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Mojgan Talibi, Kiran Kaur, Hit Parmar
Summary: Zirconia, the ceramic steel, is increasingly being chosen as the preferred ceramic material due to its excellent optical and physical properties. It is a strong and tough material, making it ideal for restorations in both posterior and anterior regions. Clinicians can confidently select the most suitable material by understanding the microstructure that influences its properties.
BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Mojgan Talibi, Kiran Kaur, Hussein S. Patanwala, Hit Parmar
Summary: This article explores the history, classifications, and how dental ceramics have been revolutionized to aid clinicians in their selection of ceramic restorations for patients in need.
BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Dermatology
Flavia Weffort, Sofia Sales Martins, Glaura Tinoco Plata, Cibele Tamietti Duraes, Daniel Fernandes Melo
Summary: Throughout history, wigs have held cultural and social importance with connections to wealth and power, helping to minimize psychological consequences of hair loss. This review discusses synthetic wigs, nonsynthetic custom-made hair systems, and various attachment methods, aiming to provide appropriate advice for physicians caring for patients with hair loss.
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Laila Craighero, Umberto Granziol, Luisa Sartori
Summary: By observing someone's typing hands, an observer can determine whether the person is using their smartphone to obtain information or share it with others. The accuracy of this inference varies with age and typing style, and relies on the development of sensorimotor competence. This preliminary work could serve as a starting point for further research on sensorimotor representations of digital actions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Konstantin Malanchev, Matwey V. Kornilov, Maria V. Pruzhinskaya, Emille E. O. Ishida, Patrick D. Aleo, Vladimir S. Korolev, Anastasia Lavrukhina, Etienne Russeil, Sreevarsha Sreejith, Alina A. Volnova, Anastasiya Voloshina, Alberto Krone-Martins
Summary: SNAD Viewer is a web portal that provides astronomers with a centralized view of individual objects from the Zwicky Transient Facility's (ZTF) data releases, gathering data from multiple sources. It started as a tool for efficient expert feedback in adaptive machine learning applications and has evolved into a community asset that centralizes public information and offers a multi-dimensional view of ZTF sources. The infrastructure is scalable, flexible, and can be personalized for other surveys and scientific goals. The Viewer highlights the importance of domain experts in the era of big data in astronomy and is crucial for optimal exploitation of large-scale data sets.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Shannon M. Moore, Danielle M. Geerling, Ed Diener
Summary: This study found that familiarity with partners' normative profiles of subjective well-being (SWB) was associated with greater relationship satisfaction, perceived support from partners, positive affect, and life satisfaction, while familiarity with their distinctive (unique) SWB profiles was not related to any relationship or mental health outcomes. Thus, perceiving one's partner to have normative levels of SWB appears to be more important for relationship and mental health benefits than knowledge of partners' unique experiences of SWB.
JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan C. C. Scaiano
Summary: The increasing popularity of applied photochemistry has led to a shift in practitioners, from traditional specialists to users from other fields who recognize the value of light as a reagent. This tutorial introduces Kasha's rule early on, focusing on the lowest singlet and triplet excited states to provide a quick entry for newcomers in the field. The goal is to give them a taste of the diverse resources available in the fascinating field of organic photochemistry and encourage further exploration.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Mojgan Talibi, Kiran Kaur, Hit Parmar
Summary: This article explores feldspathic ceramics as a material for all-ceramic restorations, discussing its desirable optical properties but limited physical properties, and emphasizes its indications in modern dentistry.
BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
William Pitchers, Jessica Nye, Eladio J. Marquez, Alycia Kowalski, Ian Dworkin, David Houle
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Christopher H. Chandler, Anna Mammel, Ian Dworkin
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2020)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hannah G. Smith, David C. Bean, Jane Hawkey, Rohan H. Clarke, Richard Loyn, Jo-Ann Larkins, Chris Hassell, Mary Valcanis, William Pitchers, Andrew R. Greenhill
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Maria Pesevski, Ian Dworkin
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sarah L. Baines, Anders Goncalves da Silva, Glen P. Carter, Amy Jennison, Irani Rathnayake, Rikki M. Graham, Vitali Sintchenko, Qinning Wang, Rebecca J. Rockett, Verlaine J. Timms, Elena Martinez, Susan Ballard, Takehiro Tomita, Nicole Isles, Kristy A. Horan, William Pitchers, Timothy P. Stinear, Deborah A. Williamson, Benjamin P. Howden, Torsten Seemann
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Audrey E. Wilson, Ali Siddiqui, Ian Dworkin
Summary: Environmental features can alter organism behaviors and phenotypes, influencing natural and sexual selection dynamics. Experimental manipulation of environments has direct and indirect effects on the strength and direction of selection. Spatial environments can impact allele purging dynamics, with sexual selection also playing a role in purging rates.
Article
Biology
Xue-Ying Song, Benjamin L. S. Furman, Tharindu Premachandra, Martin Knytl, Caroline M. S. Cauret, Domnick Victor Wasonga, John Measey, Ian Dworkin, Ben J. Evans
Summary: Research on the evolution of sex chromosomes in Xenopus species revealed a large region of sex-linked genes with sex-biased expression in X. borealis, suggesting a degenerate ancestral Y-chromosome transitioned into its contemporary Z-chromosome in this species. This study provides insights into how evolutionary transformations of ancestral sex chromosomes affect the function of new sex chromosomes.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Andrew M. Scott, Ian Dworkin, Reuven Dukas
Summary: After artificially selecting on sociability in fruit flies for 25 generations, high-sociability lineages showed a 50% increase in sociability scores compared to low-sociability lineages. Mating success did not differ between the low and high lineages, but flies from the low lineages exhibited more aggressiveness. Evolution of sociability in fruit flies did not incur costs after 10 generations of relaxed selection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew M. Scott, Janice L. Yan, Carling M. Baxter, Ian Dworkin, Reuven Dukas
Summary: Male sexual aggression towards females is a complex behavior influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study, researchers used fruit flies as a model system to investigate the genetic contributions to variation in forced copulations (FCs). They found that hundreds of genes were associated with evolved and plastic variation in FC, but only a small proportion showed consistent differential expression in both modes of variation. Functional analysis revealed the enrichment of genes related to neuropeptide hormone activity and serotonin receptor activity. Knockdown experiments confirmed the role of four genes in FC behavior. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the genetic architecture underlying natural variation in sexual aggression.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Teresa Z. Rzezniczak, Mark T. Rzezniczak, Bruce H. Reed, Ian Dworkin, Thomas J. S. Merritt
Summary: Transvection, a type of trans-regulation of gene expression, is subject to genetic background effects and local regulatory elements. This study investigated the influence of genetic variation on transvection using Drosophila genetic reference panel (DGRP) and Malic enzyme (Men) excision alleles. The results showed substantial variation in transvection among DGRP lines, with specific genetic variants depending on the excision allele used. Several candidate genes associated with transvection were identified. Overall, this study highlights the complexity of gene regulation and the importance of genetic background in transvection.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Katie Pelletier, William R. Pitchers, Anna Mammel, Emmalee Northrop-Albrecht, Eladio J. Marquez, Rosa A. Moscarella, David Houle, Ian Dworkin
Summary: Identifying the genetic architecture of complex traits is important, but many identified polymorphisms fail to be replicated in subsequent studies due to various factors. In this study, we investigated the replicability of polymorphisms in three genes using artificial selection and bulk segregant mapping in Drosophila melanogaster wing shape. We found that the multivariate wing shape changes associated with these genes were aligned with major axes of phenotypic and genetic variation. However, the same variants were not detected in natural populations, likely due to environmental variation and low minor allele frequencies with small effect sizes.
Article
Biology
Carling M. Baxter, Ieta Shams, Ian Dworkin, Reuven Dukas
Summary: Theoretical analyses suggest that aggressive signals should be correlated with the willingness and ability of the signalers to fight. However, there have been few experimental studies testing this prediction. In two ecologically realistic experiments, using fruit fly genotypes, the association between aggressive signals and fighting was quantified, revealing high positive genetic correlations between threat and fighting (r(G) = 0.80 and 0.74). These results contribute to the growing body of experimental evidence indicating the informative value of aggressive signals.
Article
Immunology
Elenor J. Kerr, Russell Stafford, Irani U. Rathnayake, Rikki M. A. Graham, Emily Fearnley, Joy Gregory, Keira Glasgow, Rose Wright, Vitali Sintchenko, Qinning Wang, Peter Howard, Lex E. X. Leong, Mary Valcanis, William Pitchers, Stephen B. Lambert, Amy Jennison
Summary: We report a multistate Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg outbreak in Australia during 2018-2019. Laboratory investigation could not identify the source of infection but detected indicators of severity and invasiveness. The hospitalization rate of 36% suggested a moderately severe clinical picture.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Hannah G. P. Smith, David C. Bean, William Pitchers, Mary Valcanis, Rohan H. Clarke, Richard Loyn, Chris J. Hassell, Andrew R. Greenhill
Summary: The study analyzed the draft genome sequences of Citrobacter isolates obtained from wild Australian shorebirds, revealing their presence in the environment. This helps understand the transmission and impact of Citrobacter in wild animals. The research provides insights into the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in wildlife.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Courtney R. Lane, Torsten Seemann, Leon J. Worth, Marion Easton, William Pitchers, Jenny Wong, Donna Cameron, Francesca Azzato, Richard Bartolo, Cristina Mateevici, Caroline Marshall, Monica A. Slavin, Benjamin P. Howden, Deborah A. Williamson
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)