Review
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin, Madison A. Best
Summary: Ginsenosides have been widely studied for their medicinal benefits and their role in ginseng plant biology. They play a crucial role in ginseng's defense against biotic stresses, providing antimicrobial, antifeedant, and allelopathic activities. Ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Prasad Kesanakurti, Subramanyam Ragupathy, Adam C. Faller, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Francesco Buongiorno, Isabella Della Noce, Zhengfei Lu, Yanjun Zhang, Steven G. Newmaster
Summary: Authentication of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius herbal dietary supplements is crucial in mitigating adulteration and substitution issues in the international ginseng supply chain. Species-specific hydrolysis probe qPCR assays have been developed and validated, demonstrating high specificity and reliability for the identification of target species in raw materials.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Loic Bertrand, Mathieu Thoury, Pierre Gueriau, Etienne Anheim, Serge Cohen
Summary: The chemical study of materials from natural history and cultural heritage presents challenges due to their complexity and non-reproducibility, but also offers innovative approaches for historical information. Synchrotron methods have been crucial in studying heritage objects, providing speciation information and high-resolution imaging. These developments have paved the way for novel approaches in characterizing ancient and historical materials, with implications for machine learning methods and related fields beyond heritage studies.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Simona Raneri, Lucia Mancini, Gabriele Lanzafame, Alexander Peter Kao, Konstantinos Giannoukos, Ravi Chandra Malladi, M. Shiva Kumar, Vincenzo Palleschi, Thirumalini Selvaraj
Summary: The characterisation of lime mortars is crucial for the conservation and repair of ancient buildings. The pore structure, influenced by manufacturing processes, recipes, and technical expedients, plays a significant role in the strength and durability of mortars. Fermenting organic matter in water and adding it to lime mixture has shown promising potential for improving workability and mechanical performance. The use of high-resolution synchrotron radiation computed microtomography (SR-mu-CT) proves to be an effective tool for studying the contribution of organically fermented water in lime mortars and understanding the impact on pore structure and mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qingqing Guo, Abdulla AlKendi, Xiaoping Jiang, Alberto Mittone, Linbo Wang, Emanuel Larsson, Alberto Bravin, Erik Renstrom, Xianyong Fang, Enming Zhang
Summary: We developed a label-free and automatic imaging approach using synchrotron radiation X-ray phase-contrast microtomography (SR mu CT) to visualize pancreatic islets in diabetic rodents. The islets were segmented and visualized in 3D using a self-developed deep learning method. Our study found a significant reduction in the number of larger islets in chronically developed diabetic GK rats and STZ-treated diabetic mice.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Alain Bourmaud, Lola Pinsard, Elouan Guillou, Emmanuel De Luycker, Marina Fazzini, Jonathan Perrin, Timm Weitkamp, Pierre Ouagne
Summary: This study used cutting-edge techniques to explore the morphology of flax stems and fibers and found that various extracted fibers contained significant amounts of kink-bands. However, no kink-bands were observed at the scale of green or retted stems. This suggests that the stress experienced by plants during their growth is not enough to generate these structural defects, and they are only revealed after mechanical extraction of the fibers.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Collin W. Foster, Sreevishnu Oruganti, Francesco Panerai
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the microstructural evolution and porous network development of Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone pyrolysis at high temperatures using in situ high-temperature X-ray computed micro-tomography. The results showed that the microstructure evolution and porous network development were dependent on the heating rate, and the bulk sample volume change, porosity, pore network size, and densification were evaluated using X-ray attenuation. The findings of this study are important for the development of multi-physics models for thermal response.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Haruto Sugawara, Toshihiro Furuta, Akira Sumiyoshi, Megumi Iiyama, Masaru Kamitani, Aiko Suzuki, Arao Murakami, Osamu Abe, Ichio Aoki, Hiroyuki Akai
Summary: In this study, a CT lymphangiography method was established in mice via direct lymph node puncture. The results showed that the contrast ratios and visual assessment scores of lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels were significantly better in the direct puncture group compared to the CT or MR interstitial injection method.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mengying Shuai, Yang Yang, Fuqing Bai, Lijun Cao, Ruyan Hou, Chuanyi Peng, Huimei Cai
Summary: This study used metabolomic methods to analyze the chemical composition of American ginseng samples from different regions. By combining linear discriminant analysis and random forest modeling, the study successfully distinguished the origin of American ginseng and discriminated between samples with and without protected designation of origin.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Akio Yoneyama, Daiko Takamatsu, Thet-Thet Lwin, Shigehito Yamada, Tetsuya Takakuwa, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Keiichi Hirano, Satoshi Takeya
Summary: Crystal-based X-ray interferometry (CXI) detects X-ray phase shifts with the highest sensitivity among the X-ray phase-detecting methods. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) using CXI has the highest density resolution and has been widely applied in various fields. Novel imaging methods have also been developed to take advantage of CXI's high sensitivity, such as visualization of the effective atomic number and the three-dimensional temperature. This article reviews the principles, history, and potential applications of PCXI and CXI systems.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Else Marie Friis, Peter R. Crane, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen
Summary: A new microsporangiate cone, Renbernia zhoui, has been discovered in the Potomac Group in Virginia, USA. It exhibits distinct characteristics compared to similar species found previously.
REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Youhong Peng, Kesong Miao, Wei Sun, Chenglu Liu, Hao Wu, Lin Geng, Guohua Fan
Summary: Characterizing the microstructure and deformation mechanism of metallic materials is crucial for understanding the microstructure-property relationship. Advanced synchrotron radiation facilities have enabled non-destructive visualization of full-field structural information in three dimensions, contributing to significant progress in recent decades. Future innovations in next-generation synchrotron radiation and emerging technologies hold great potential for further advancements in material characterization.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Shanshan Guo, Junshan Xiu, Lingnan Kong, Xin Kong, Hanqiu Wang, Zhiwei Lu, Famei Xu, Jing Li, Te Ji, Fuli Wang, Huiqiang Liu
Summary: This study introduces a multidimensional data mining method using XPCT and FTIR for breast cancer diagnosis. The results show that this method can accurately visualize the micromorphology of tumor lesions and provide valuable information about the distribution and variation of biomacromolecules in breast tumors. The spectral data of blood samples also demonstrate potential clinical applications for breast cancer diagnosis.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiguo Zhang, Jia Chuan Khong, Billy Koe, Shifeng Luo, Shi Huang, Ling Qin, Silvia Cipiccia, Darren Batey, Andrew J. Bodey, Christoph Rau, Yu Lung Chiu, Zhu Zhang, Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Nick Green, Jiawei Mi
Summary: The study demonstrated that the differences in solidification cooling rate significantly affected the carbide size, distribution, and network morphology. Carbides can form different structures depending on the local composition of the remaining liquid phase and geometric constraints.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rong Dong, Yougang Zhang, Shanjun Chen, Huan Wang, Kaiqing Hu, Huanxin Zhao, Qingping Tian, Kewu Zeng, Songsong Wang, Liwen Han
Summary: This study rapidly identified the pharmacodynamic markers (P-markers) against heart failure in American ginseng (AG) using the zebrafish model and metabolomics technology. These P-markers may provide new reference standards for quality control and new drug development of AG.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
