Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel Taylor, Deirdre Keane, Paulina Borrego, Kathleen Arcaro
Summary: It is known that nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can influence the microbiome of breast milk and the infant gut microbiome, but the extent of the impact of maternal diet on these microbiomes is still not fully understood. To explore the associations between maternal diet and the breast milk and infant gut microbiomes, a comprehensive review of published literature was conducted. The review included cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, and a few other types of studies, with a total of 19 reports analyzed. While some studies supported the importance of a varied, nutrient-dense maternal diet in shaping the infant gut microbiome, others found that factors other than maternal diet had a greater impact.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kirra Borrello, Unhee Lim, Song-Yi Park, Kristine R. Monroe, Gertraud Maskarinec, Carol J. Boushey, Lynne R. Wilkens, Timothy W. Randolph, Loic Le Marchand, Meredith A. Hullar, Johanna W. Lampe
Summary: This study found that racial/ethnic differences in GM composition may be influenced by differences in diet. Overall diet quality and intake of certain foods were found to have significant effects on GM composition, which may contribute to racial/ethnic health disparities.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Patrick Schimmel, Bernd Stahl, Jan Knol, Clara Belzer
Summary: This article summarizes the impact of diet on the gut microbiome, with a focus on the contribution of non-protein nitrogen to normal and healthy nitrogen cycling in the infant gut. The review presents in vitro and in vivo findings that highlight the influence of Human Milk Nitrogen (HMN) on the early colonization of the gut microbiota. The authors describe the key role of various non-protein nitrogen sources, including creatine, creatinine, urea, polyamines, and free amino acids, in establishing a bifidobacterium-dominated microbiome.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher J. Stewart
Summary: Breast milk is a complex biofluid that has evolved over millions of years to provide optimal nutrition and bioactive compounds to infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the fourth most abundant component in breast milk, more abundant than proteins and other nutrients, but they do not directly contribute to infant nutrition. Recent studies have shown that HMOs act as prebiotics, which suggests that they play a crucial role in infant development, indicating the importance of understanding the interaction between diet, microbes, and the host for improving human health.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Runze Ouyang, Juan Ding, Yan Huang, Fujian Zheng, Sijia Zheng, Yaorui Ye, Qi Li, Xiaolin Wang, Xiao Ma, Yuxin Zou, Rong Chen, Zhihong Zhuo, Zhen Li, Qi Xin, Lina Zhou, Xin Lu, Zhigang Ren, Xinyu Liu, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Guowang Xu
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host wellbeing by producing various metabolites. The assembly of the gut microbiome is influenced by postnatal factors, but little is known about the development of the gut metabolome. Our study reveals that geography has a significant impact on microbiome dynamics in the first year of life, with major compositional differences observed between Chinese and Swedish cohorts. We found that lipid metabolism, especially acylcarnitines and bile acids, is the most abundant metabolic pathway in the newborn gut, and delivery mode and feeding contribute to differences in the gut metabolome since birth.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
D. J. M. Barnett, M. F. Endika, C. E. Klostermann, F. Gu, C. Thijs, A. Nauta, H. A. Schols, H. Smidt, I. C. W. Arts, J. Penders
Summary: The infant gut microbiota is influenced by antibiotic exposures and prebiotic oligosaccharides found in breast milk. This study analyzed the stool microbiota of 1023 one-month-old infants and found that breastfeeding and antibiotic exposure both decrease gut microbial diversity, but have different effects on microbiota composition. Other factors such as C-section, homebirth, siblings, and exposure to animals also impact microbiota composition. Understanding these factors can help protect and promote a healthy infant gut microbiota.
Review
Microbiology
Roaa A. Arishi, Ching T. Lai, Donna T. Geddes, Lisa F. Stinson
Summary: The oral cavity is home to diverse microbiome that contributes to oral and systemic health. However, data on the longitudinal assembly of the infant oral microbiome is limited. Breastfeeding and the introduction of solids are strong determinants of the infant oral microbiome. This review explores factors that influence the composition of the infant oral microbiome, with a focus on early nutrition and the potential mechanisms through which breast milk components shape the infant oral microbiome. Understanding oral microbiome assembly in early life can improve oral and systemic health throughout the lifespan.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sara N. Lundgren, Juliette C. Madan, Margaret R. Karagas, Hilary G. Morrison, Brock C. Christensen, Anne G. Hoen
Summary: The microbial communities in human milk are associated with those in the infant gut, especially in infants delivered by Cesarean section. These associations have a long-term effect on the infant gut microbiome through sharing of microbes and other molecular mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eliska Pivrncova, Iva Kotaskova, Vojtech Thon
Summary: C-section and intrapartum antibiotic exposure affect the infant's gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of Bacteroidetes. Exclusive breastfeeding helps to restore Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteria.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Siofra E. Maher, Eileen C. O'Brien, Rebecca L. Moore, David F. Byrne, Aisling A. Geraghty, Radka Saldova, Eileen F. Murphy, Douwe Van Sinderen, Paul D. Cotter, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
Summary: During pregnancy, the maternal gut microbiome and potentially the fetal microbiome undergo changes. Diet has been shown to impact the gut microbiome, but little research has been conducted on diet during pregnancy. This review identified seven studies showing an association between maternal diet and gut microbiome, with high-fat diets being associated with reduced microbial diversity and fiber intake being positively associated with microbial diversity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shiva Bakshi, Vinod Kumar Paswan, Satya Prakash Yadav, Basant Kumar Bhinchhar, Sheela Kharkwal, Hency Rose, Prajasattak Kanetkar, Vishal Kumar, Zakarya Ali Saleh Al-Zamani, Durga Shankar Bunkar
Summary: Human milk is recognized as the most valuable source of nutrition for infants. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula becomes an alternative. Various bioactive compounds can be added to improve the nutritional value of formula. The establishment of infants' gut microbiota is strongly influenced by the composition of infant formula.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
M. Calatayud Arroyo, T. Garcia Barrera, B. Callejon Leblic, A. Arias Borrego, M. C. Collado
Summary: Human are inevitably exposed to various xenobiotics throughout their lives, mainly through diet and water. The interplay between diet-xenobiotics-microbiota during pregnancy and perinatal period may have significant impacts on infant and adult health.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Esther Ndungo, Johanna B. Holm, Syze Gama, Andrea G. Buchwald, Sharon M. Tennant, Miriam K. Laufer, Marcela F. Pasetti, David A. Rasko
Summary: Shigella continues to be a major contributor to diarrheal illness and dysentery in children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the impact of Shigella infection on the developing gastrointestinal microbiome in infants and found temporal changes in the microbiota associated with the infection. These findings highlight the need for further research on the microbial communities associated with disease susceptibility and resolution.
Review
Microbiology
Azhar S. Sindi, Donna T. Geddes, Mary E. Wlodek, Beverly S. Muhlhausler, Matthew S. Payne, Lisa F. Stinson
Summary: Maternal diet during lactation can influence the infant gut microbiome through potential changes to milk microbiota and other milk components. Limited data exists on the direct impact of maternal diet during lactation on infant gut microbiota, but there is a hypothesis that it may play a role in shaping the infant gut microbiome.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Azhar S. Sindi, Donna T. Geddes, Mary E. Wlodek, Beverly S. Muhlhausler, Matthew S. Payne, Lisa F. Stinson
Summary: Initial colonisation of the infant gut is significantly influenced by regular ingestion of human milk, which contains a variety of components that may impact the gut microbiota. Maternal diet during lactation has the potential to shape the infant gut microbial composition and function. Further studies are needed to verify whether maternal diet during lactation can indeed influence the infant gut microbiome.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cassy F. F. Dingena, Daria Arofikina, Matthew D. D. Campbell, Melvin J. J. Holmes, Eleanor M. M. Scott, Michael A. A. Zulyniak
Summary: Diabetes affects one in six pregnancies, posing risks to mother and child. The effectiveness of diet and exercise in controlling dysglycemia in different populations and types of diabetes is uncertain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 studies on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) found that nutritional supplements, diet, and exercise interventions could improve glycemia. However, evidence is lacking for women with pre-existing diabetes.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Maggie P. Fu, Sarah M. Merrill, Mehul Sharma, William T. Gibson, Stuart E. Turvey, Michael S. Kobor
Summary: Rare diseases (RDs), with a genetic origin in over 80% of cases, affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Next-generation sequencing technology has accelerated the discovery of novel RDs and improved their diagnosis. Rare diseases of epigenetic origin (RDEOs) pose unique challenges due to complex genetics, clinical heterogeneity, and difficulties in understanding pathophysiology. However, innovative solutions and new techniques will shed light on these disorders and lead to the discovery of treatments and diagnostic biomarkers, improving health outcomes for affected patients.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cassy F. Dingena, Melvin J. Holmes, Matthew D. Campbell, Janet E. Cade, Eleanor M. Scott, Michael A. Zulyniak
Summary: This study aimed to characterize continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics over 24 hours in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and the moderating effect of treatment strategy. The results showed significant variability in glucose levels throughout the day, with the highest variability in the morning. Additionally, individuals assigned to diet+metformin had greater difficulty managing glycemia, and increased dietary protein intake may assist with the management of dysglycemia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Zhao, Sarah L. Bridgman, Kelsea M. Drall, Hein M. Tun, Piush J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, James A. Scott, Anita L. Kozyrskyj
Summary: The study found that infant vitamin D supplementation may affect gut microbiota and their metabolites, specifically fecal glycerol and 1,2-propanediol concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with higher levels of 1,2-propanediol and lower levels of fecal glycerol after adjustment for other factors. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation observed between fecal 1,2-propanediol and glycerol concentrations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Yao Chen, Hein M. Tun, Catherine J. Field, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, James A. Scott, Anita L. Kozyrskyj
Summary: A study on 1017 Canadian full-term infants revealed that cesarean section had a negative impact on infant gut SIgA levels, which was mediated through gut microbiota and metabolites. Additionally, breastfeeding status and milk metabolites also played a role in mediating this effect.
Article
Cell Biology
Mackenzie W. Gutierrez, Emily M. Mercer, Shirin Moossavi, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, Myrtha E. Reyna, Allan B. Becker, Elinor Simons, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Theo J. Moraes, Malcolm R. Sears, Padmaja Subbarao, Meghan B. Azad, Marie-Claire Arrieta
Summary: This study examines the relationship between the gut mycobiome and childhood obesity in 100 infants. It finds that an increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship is influenced by factors such as maternal BMI, maternal diet, antibiotic exposure, and bacterial diversity. Certain fungal species are also associated with early-life BMI. The study suggests that including fungi in pediatric microbiome studies is important.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Myrtha E. Reyna, Marc-Antoine Bedard, Padmaja Subbarao
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandi M. Azab, Meera Shanmuganathan, Russell J. de Souza, Zachary Kroezen, Dipika Desai, Natalie C. Williams, Katherine M. Morrison, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Koon K. Teo, Meghan B. Azad, Elinor Simons, Theo J. Moraes, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Philip Britz-McKibbin, Sonia S. Anand
Summary: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Metabolomics research found that serum metabolites are associated with early childhood overweight and adiposity. The relationship between metabolism and obesity is influenced by sex.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosain N. Stennett, Kristi B. Adamo, Sonia S. Anand, Harpreet S. Bajaj, Shrikant Bangdiwala, Dipika Desai, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Sujane Kandasamy, Farah Khan, Scott A. Lear, Sarah D. McDonald, Tayler Pocsai, Paul Ritvo, Andrea Rogge, Karleen M. Schulze, Diana Sherifali, Jennifer C. Stearns, Gita Wahi, Natalie C. Williams, Michael A. Zulyniak, Russell J. de Souza
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and participant acceptability of a culturally tailored, personalised nutrition intervention on the glucose area under the curve in pregnant women of South Asian ancestry with gestational diabetes risk factors. A total of 190 South Asian pregnant women will be enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups to observe the changes in their glucose levels. Findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and community-orientated strategies.
Correction
Medicine, General & Internal
Johan L. Vinther, Tim Cadman, Demetris Avraam, Claus T. Ekstrom, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Ahmed Elhakeem, Ana C. Santos, Angela Pinot de Moira, Barbara Heude, Carmen Iniguez, Costanza Pizzi, Elinor Simons, Ellis Voerman, Eva Corpeleijn, Faryal Zariouh, Gilian Santorelli, Hazel M. Inskip, Henrique Barros, Jennie Carson, Jennifer R. Harris, Johanna L. Nader, Justiina Ronkainen, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Loreto Santa-Marina, Lucinda Calas, Luise Cederkvist, Maja Popovic, Marie-Aline Charles, Marieke Welten, Martine Vrijheid, Meghan Azad, Padmaja Subbarao, Paul Burton, Puishkumar J. Mandhane, Rae-Chi Huang, Rebecca C. Wilson, Sido Haakma, Silvia Fernandez-Barres, Stuart Turvey, Susana Santos, Suzanne C. Tough, Sylvain Sebert, Theo J. Moraes, Theodosia Salika, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Deborah A. Lawlor, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harriett Fuller, Mark M. Iles, J. Bernadette Moore, Michael A. Zulyniak
Summary: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with varying prevalence across different ethnicities. This study investigated the causal effect of metabolic characteristics on gestational dysglycemia in South Asians (SAs) and white Europeans (WEs), and identified distinct metabolic profiles associated with dysglycemia in each ethnic group.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Darlene L. Y. Dai, Charisse Petersen, Courtney Hoskinson, Kate L. Del Bel, Allan B. Becker, Theo J. Moraes, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, B. Brett Finlay, Elinor Simons, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, David M. Patrick, Padmaja Subbarao, Lars Bode, Meghan B. Azad, Stuart E. Turvey
Summary: Early antibiotic exposure disrupts the infant gut microbiome and increases pediatric asthma risk. Breastfeeding has a modulating effect on the gut microbiome, but its influence on asthma development is still unclear.
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Medeleanu, Yu Chen Qian, Theo J. Moraes, Padmaja Subbarao
Summary: This review comprehensively examines the various factors contributing to the immunopathogenesis of asthma from the prenatal to preschool period. It focuses on the contributions of genetic and environmental factors as well as the role of the nasal and gut microbiome in immune development. The necessity of a comprehensive approach in understanding and managing asthma is emphasized, as it highlights the interactions of multiple factors in immune development and disease progression.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Luyao Zhang, Garthika Navaranjan, Tim K. Takaro, Sarah Bernstein, Liisa Jantunen, Wendy Lou, Piush J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, James A. Scott, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Jeffrey R. Brook
Summary: This study found that DEHP concentrations in house dust were higher in lower-income families and in homes with vinyl flooring in the kitchen and bathroom. The presence of vinyl furniture and mold were also associated with higher DEHP concentrations, while the use of mattress covers reduced concentration. DEHP persisted in house dust over multiple months, contributed to infant internal exposure, and was associated with specific housing characteristics. These findings can guide the public in choosing building materials and products, as well as inform future policies aimed at reducing health risks for children in indoor environments.
Article
Pediatrics
Jason R. McConnery, Jeffrey N. Bone, Ran D. Goldman, Anne Hicks, Claire Seaton, Padmaja Subbarao, Theo J. Moraes
Summary: This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures on acute pediatric asthma in Canada. The study found a significant reduction in acute asthma visits during the pandemic, compared to the pre-lockdown period. However, there was no increase in the severity of asthma upon presentation to the emergency departments.
PAEDIATRICS & CHILD HEALTH
(2023)