Article
Environmental Sciences
Dimitrios Bousiotis, James Brean, Francis D. Pope, Manuel Dall'Osto, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Noemi Perez, Tuukka Petaja, Andreas Massling, Jacob Kleno Nojgaard, Claus Nordstrom, Giorgos Kouvarakis, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Jarkko Niemi, Harri Portin, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Thomas Tuch, Roy M. Harrison
Summary: The study found a positive correlation between solar radiation intensity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure with NPF event frequency at various sites in Europe, while relative humidity showed a negative correlation and wind speed had an inconsistent relationship. Meteorological variables, chemical composition, and pollutants concentration had an influence on NPF event frequency, but their impact can diminish under certain conditions.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. K. Kamra, Jeni N. Victor, Devendraa Siingh, Amartya Singh, T. Dharmaraj
Summary: The impacts of environmental changes during the Covid-19 lockdown period on atmospheric ions and new particle formation in Pune, India have been studied. The concentrations of small and large cluster ions increased, while intermediate ions decreased during the lockdown period, which was associated with a decrease in aerosols and precursor gases. During new particle formation events, nucleation mode particles grew in size. However, during unique shrinkage events, particle concentration increased but size did not during the morning-to-noon period, and shrinkage occurred during the noon-to-evening period. These shrinkage events were proposed to be associated with changes in saturation vapor pressure of different chemical species with temperature/solar radiation.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian Owens
Summary: Hot and dry weather combined with human carelessness has caused a massive burned area, resulting in a suffocating haze that is impacting millions of people.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. T. Alnussirat, R. Livi, D. E. Larson, A. Rahmati, P. L. Whittlesey, O. Romeo, S. T. Badman, Milo Buitrago-Casas, Juan Carlos Martinez Oliveros, M. Pulupa, S. D. Bale, J. Huang, J. Verniero, N. Raouafi, Donald Mitchell, D. J. Mccomas, Matt Hill, Christina Cohen
Summary: During Encounter 11, Parker Solar Probe witnessed a unique event of solar origin involving low-energy dispersive ions. This event, observed in the SPAN-I and IS & ODOT;IS EPI-Lo sensors, exhibited a distinct energy spectrum with a peak that descended in energy, unlike the typical power-law tail seen in solar energetic particles. In this Letter, the authors investigate the nature, origin, and characteristics of this event.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Vassili N. Kolokoltsov
Summary: This article discusses the applicability issue of distributions with infinite expectations to real-world distributions with bounded ranges and suggests using quasi convergence as a solution. The author believes that this approach is relevant to the applications of stable laws in various fields.
FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yang Wang, Dan Lyu, Boxi Xiao, Gang Qin, Yushui Zhong, Lele Lian
Summary: By investigating reservoir phenomenon in gradual solar energetic particle events, it was found that perpendicular diffusion and magnetic mirroring are important mechanisms affecting the distribution of SEPs. Reservoir events can be observed at almost all longitudes in the ecliptic, suggesting the significance of perpendicular diffusion in explaining the uniform distribution of SEPs.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Federico Bianchi, Victoria A. Sinclair, Diego Aliaga, Qiaozhi Zha, Wiebke Scholz, Cheng Wu, Liine Heikkinen, Rob Modini, Eva Partoll, Fernando Velarde, Isabel Moreno, Yvette Gramlich, Wei Huang, Alkuin Maximilian Koenig, Markus Leiminger, Joonas Enroth, Otso Perakyla, Angela Marinoni, Chen Xuemeng, Luis Blacutt, Ricardo Forno, Rene Gutierrez, Patrick Ginot, Gaelle Uzu, Maria Cristina Facchini, Stefania Gilardoni, Martin Gysel-Beer, Runlong Cai, Tuukka Petaja, Matteo Rinaldi, Harald Saathoff, Karine Sellegri, Douglas Worsnop, Paulo Artaxo, Armin Hansel, Markku Kulmala, Alfred Wiedensohler, Paolo Laj, Radovan Krejci, Samara Carbone, Marcos Andrade, Claudia Mohr
Summary: This paper presents an introduction to the Southern Hemisphere High Altitude Experiment on Particle Nucleation and Growth (SALTENA). The research highlights from the campaign include the characterization of chemical species, the process of new particle formation, and the identification of long-range-transported compounds. The results underscore the importance of comprehensive observations in high-altitude locations in the undersampled Southern Hemisphere.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. Gomez-Herrero, D. Pacheco, A. Kollhoff, F. Espinosa Lara, J. L. Freiherr von Forstner, N. Dresing, D. Lario, L. Balmaceda, V Krupar, O. E. Malandraki, A. Aran, R. Bucik, A. Klassen, K-L Klein, I Cernuda, S. Eldrum, H. Reid, J. G. Mitchell, G. M. Mason, G. C. Ho, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, B. Heber, L. Berger, R. C. Allen, N. P. Janitzek, M. Laurenza, R. De Marco, N. Wijsen, Y. Y. Kartavykh, W. Droge, T. S. Horbury, M. Maksimovic, C. J. Owen, A. Vecchio, X. Bonnin, O. Kruparova, D. Pisa, J. Soucek, P. Louarn, A. Fedorov, H. O'Brien, V Evans, V Angelini, P. Zucca, M. Prieto, S. Sanchez-Prieto, A. Carrasco, J. J. Blanco, P. Parra, O. Rodriguez-Polo, C. Martin, J. C. Terasa, S. Boden, S. R. Kulkarni, A. Ravanbakhsh, M. Yedla, Z. Xu, G. B. Andrews, C. E. Schlemm, H. Seifert, K. Tyagi, W. J. Lees, J. Hayes
Summary: Solar Orbiter identified the first near-relativistic solar electron events during its cruise phase through in situ measurements, investigating the solar origins and interplanetary transport conditions of these particles using multiple observational methods. The study revealed diverse time profiles and pitch-angle distributions of the electron events, indicating potential different source locations and magnetic connectivity.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Vedaste Iyakaremye, Gang Zeng, Irfan Ullah, Aimable Gahigi, Richard Mumo, Brian Ayugi
Summary: This study examines the trend of extreme high-temperature events in Africa and their relationship with meteorological variables. The results show that there has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of hot days and nights in recent years compared to the past. The study also identifies changes in atmospheric conditions that contribute to these extreme events. These findings provide valuable information for future planning and the development of early warning systems to mitigate the risks associated with hot extremes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiannong Quan, Qianqian Wang, Pengkun Ma, Youjun Dou, Zhiheng Liao, Yubing Pan, Zhigang Cheng, Deping Ding, Xingcan Jia
Summary: Analysis of aircraft measurements conducted over the North China Plain from 2007 to 2011 reveals that clouds play a significant role in the formation of secondary aerosols in the troposphere, leading to a significant increase in aerosol number concentration and sulfate content. In the presence of clouds, the conversion of SO2 to aerosols is accelerated, resulting in higher aerosol mass concentrations compared to non-cloudy conditions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Myung Soo Kang, Hyun Sik Choi, Jaeuk Shin, Tae U. Yu, Jungho Hwang
Summary: Coal is expected to remain a primary energy source due to its production stability and cost-effectiveness. However, the emissions of SO2 and NOx during coal combustion have raised serious environmental concerns. This study successfully reduced the concentrations of SO2 and NOx using ozone and ammonia, with higher SO2 concentrations leading to higher NOx removal efficiency.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Siteng Fan, Sandrine Guerlet, Francois Forget, Antoine Bierjon, Ehouarn Millour, Nikolay Ignatiev, Alexey Shakun, Alexey Grigoriev, Alexander Trokhimovskiy, Franck Montmessin, Oleg Korablev
Summary: Thermal tides in the Martian atmosphere are analyzed using temperature profiles retrieved from nadir observations obtained by the TIRVIM Fourier-spectrometer. The results show significant diurnal and semi-diurnal tides near the Martian summer solstice, consistent with model predictions, but with noticeable earlier phases in the observed data.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ivana Kolmasova, Ondrej Santolik, Jakub Slegl, Jana Popova, Zbynek Sokol, Petr Zacharov, Ondrej Ploc, Gerhard Diendorfer, Ronald Langer, Radek Lan, Igor Strharsky
Summary: Two long-lasting thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) events were observed at the Milesovka meteorological observatory in Czechia. By analyzing various meteorological instruments and using numerical simulations, researchers found that these TGE events occurred at an exceptionally low altitude and exhibited similar characteristics to previously observed TGE events.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Badreddine Barhoumi, Catherine Guigue, Soufiane Touil, Boris Johnson-Restrepo, Mohamed Ridha Driss, Marc Tedetti
Summary: Many studies have focused on the adverse effects of AHs and PAHs on the environment and human health, particularly in atmospheric particles. However, there is limited information available on AHs and PAHs in the atmospheric gas phase. This study assessed the levels, partitioning, human health risks, and seasonal variations of AHs and PAHs in the atmospheric gas-phase of Bizerte city. The concentrations of AHs and PAHs were significantly higher in the cold season compared to the warm season.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chen Zhou, Chengxun Yuan, Anatoly Kudryavtsev, T. Yasar Katircioglu, Ismail Rafatov, Jingfeng Yao
Summary: This study focuses on the numerical investigation of dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure CO2 in a coaxial reactor. Using a numerical model based on the drift-diffusion theory and considering gas heating in a self-consistent manner, the study examines the influence of gas heating on discharge properties and CO2 decomposition across a wide range of applied voltage amplitudes and frequencies. The calculations indicate that neglecting gas heating by assuming a constant (room) gas temperature leads to a significant overestimation of CO2 conversion.
PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chao Peng, Chenjuan Deng, Ting Lei, Jun Zheng, Jun Zhao, Dongbin Wang, Zhijun Wu, Lin Wang, Yan Chen, Mingyuan Liu, Jingkun Jiang, Anpei Ye, Maofa Ge, Weigang Wang
Summary: Atmospheric nanoparticles play a crucial role in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and have significant impacts on visibility, climate, and human health. Advanced experimental techniques have been developed to monitor and characterize the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles, providing insights into their formation and growth processes.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Markku Kulmala, Tom Kokkonen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Alexander Baklanov, Alexander Mahura, Ivan Mammarella, Jaana Back, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Tuukka Petaja
Summary: Turbulence is a key process in the atmosphere that transports material and energy, and causes concentration fluctuations. It influences various atmospheric processes and has implications for air pollution and climate change. Understanding the mechanisms of atmospheric turbulence, chemistry, and aerosol dynamics is crucial for analyzing the connections and feedbacks among these processes.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pedro Trechera, Meritxell Garcia-Marles, Xiansheng Liu, Cristina Reche, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Mate Vorosmarty, Andrea Casans, Juan Andres Casquero-Vera, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Marchand, Benjamin Chazeau, Gregory Gille, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Nadia Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Michael Norman, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Francisco J. Gomez-Moreno, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Holger Gerwig, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Susanne Bastian, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Nicolas Ferlay, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Hilkka Timonen, Janne Lampilahti, Christof Asbach, Carmen Wolf, Heinz Kaminski, Hicran Altug, Barbara Hoffmann, David Q. Rich, Marco Pandolfi, Roy M. Harrison, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petaja, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol
Summary: This study evaluated the hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US, focusing on urban background (UB) and traffic (TR) sites. The objective was to describe the characteristics of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe. The results showed variations in PNC and BC across different regions and site types, with traffic emissions being a major contributor. The study emphasized the need for specific monitoring of PNSD and measurements of <10 nm PNC for assessing the health effects of nanoparticles.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xin Huang, Ke Ding, Jingyi Liu, Zilin Wang, Rong Tang, Lian Xue, Haikun Wang, Qiang Zhang, Zhe-Min Tan, Congbin Fu, Steven J. Davis, Meinrat O. Andreae, Aijun Ding
Summary: Extreme wildfires pose threats to human lives, air quality, and ecosystems. The impact of meteorology on wildfire behaviors and the correlation between wildfires and climate are well-studied. However, the influence of fire-weather feedback on short-term wildfire variability remains unclear, hindering fire disaster mitigation. In this study, we demonstrate the dominant role of synoptic-scale feedback in driving extreme fires in Mediterranean and monsoon climate regions. We observed that the radiative effects of smoke aerosols can modify near-surface wind, air dryness, and rainfall, thereby exacerbating air pollution by enhancing fire emissions and weakening dispersion. The complex interactions among wildfires, smoke, and weather create a positive feedback loop that significantly increases air pollution exposure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sijia Lou, Manish Shrivastava, Aijun Ding, Richard C. Easter, Jerome D. Fast, Philip J. Rasch, Huizhong Shen, Staci Massey L. Simonich, Steven J. Smith, Shu Tao, Alla Zelenyuk
Summary: The lung cancer risk from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is expected to change significantly by 2050 compared to 2008 due to changes in climate and emissions. Residential biofuel use in East Asia and South Asia contributes to the higher BaP concentrations, exceeding WHO-recommended limits. However, stringent air quality policies in developed countries have led to a substantial decrease in PAH lung cancer risk. Future policies should focus on reducing air pollutant emissions and promoting efficient combustion technologies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Chen, Chenjuan Deng, Ting Lei, Junling Li, Chaofan Lian, Yiran Li, Jun Zheng, Jun Zhao, Dongbin Wang, Zhijun Wu, Lin Wang, Lei Li, Hong Li, Jian Gao, Jingkun Jiang, Maofa Ge, Weigang Wang
Summary: By using a custom-made Nanoparticle Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (NPCIMS), we conducted comprehensive field measurements of the size-resolved chemical composition of atmospheric nanoparticles in the size range from 10 to 100 nm. The quantification results showed that CHO organics accounted for around 80% of the newly formed particles in the growth process with diameters from 10 to 25 nm. In contrast to previous observations in urban Mexico, the growth of newly formed particles in urban Beijing was dominated by ammonium, sulfate, and organic components in the size-resolved modes (10-25 nm) during springtime.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dimitri Castarede, Zoe Brasseur, Yusheng Wu, Zamin A. Kanji, Markus Hartmann, Lauri Ahonen, Merete Bilde, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Berko Sierau, Olaf Stetzer, Frank Stratmann, Birgitta Svenningsson, Erik Swietlicki, Quynh Thu Nguyen, Jonathan Duplissy, Erik S. Thomson
Summary: The Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii) is a new continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) that can measure ice nucleating particles (INPs). PINCii has been engineered to improve upon the limitations of previous CFDCs and offers several possibilities for improved INP measurements. It features low background particle counts, high-spatial-resolution wall-temperature mapping, and a new method for analyzing CFDC data. Additionally, it can be used to study droplet activation processes and extend ice crystal growth. The instrument's capabilities have been demonstrated through a series of experiments. The sources of uncertainty in CFDCs, including particle background, particle loss, and variations in aerosol lamina temperature and relative humidity, have also been quantified and discussed for PINCii. Overall, the importance of this work in developing a more advanced instrument for measuring INPs is rated 9 out of 10.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuyang Li, Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Runlong Cai, Shuxiao Wang, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Da Gao, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, Jingkun Jiang
Summary: Sulfuric acid (SA) is a major precursor for atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), and the formation of SA-dimethylamine (DMA) clusters initiates intense NPF events in polluted urban atmospheres. We developed a parameterization of SA-DMA nucleation based on cluster dynamic simulations and quantum chemistry calculations, which successfully reproduced the dependence of particle formation rates on temperature and condensation sinks (CSs). The parameterization was incorporated into a 3-D chemical transport model and showed good agreement with observations in wintertime Beijing, contributing significantly to nucleation rates and aerosol population during the simulations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anton Rusanen, Kristo Horrak, Lauri R. Ahonen, Tuomo Nieminen, Pasi P. Aalto, Pasi Kolari, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Heikki Junninen
Summary: We introduce SMEARcore, a framework for real-time data analysis and management intended for measurement stations. It allows integration of new SMEAR stations with existing ones and facilitates easier problem diagnosis through robust data pipelines. Unlike previous similar concepts, SMEARcore keeps processing under data owners' control, provides tools for general data interoperability, and is extensible to new instruments. It is meant to supplement existing infrastructures and promote structured data curation in more measurement stations.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meri Raty, Larisa Sogacheva, Helmi-Marja Keskinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuomo Nieminen, Tuukka Petaja, Ekaterina Ezhova, Markku Kulmala
Summary: Boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere have a complex interaction with the atmosphere, including a feedback process that may produce a cooling effect through increased cloud reflectance due to aerosol-cloud interactions. This study investigates the impact of the boreal forest environment on cloud-related properties during the growing season. Results show that air masses with longer exposure to the forest have different properties compared to those with shorter land transport times. The study also reveals changes in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, specific humidity, and precipitation frequency after a certain threshold of land transport time.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jing Cai, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Cheng Wu, Yan Zheng, Feixue Zheng, Wei Du, Sophie L. Haslett, Qi Chen, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr
Summary: The offline application of FIGAERO-CIMS provides a cost-efficient method to analyze the molecular composition of organic aerosols. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Teflon and quartz fiber filter samples collected in urban Beijing, with high signal-to-noise ratios, repeatability, and linear signal response. It expands the molecular characterization of organic aerosols by FIGAERO-CIMS to situations where the instrument itself cannot be deployed.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matti Kamarainen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, Anna Lintunen
Summary: In this study, machine learning methods (RF and GB) were used to predict the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a pine-dominated boreal forest in southern Finland over 1996-2018. The results showed that both RF and GB were able to explain the temporal variability of NEE using meteorological predictors, but GB was more accurate.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lejish Vettikkat, Pasi Miettinen, Angela Buchholz, Pekka Rantala, Hao Yu, Simon Schallhart, Tuukka Petaja, Roger Seco, Elisa Mannisto, Markku Kulmala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Alex B. Guenther, Siegfried Schobesberger
Summary: Wetlands cover a small portion of the land surface but boreal wetlands are experiencing significant warming and emit climate-relevant volatile organic compounds. This study presents the first-ever measurements of terpene emissions from a boreal fen wetland and found that isoprene was the dominant compound emitted. The emissions showed a strong exponential dependence on temperature and were significantly higher than previous estimates.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yizhen Wu, Juntao Huo, Gan Yang, Yuwei Wang, Lihong Wang, Shijian Wu, Lei Yao, Qingyan Fu, Lin Wang
Summary: During a 2021 summer campaign in a suburban area of Shanghai, China, the atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration and production were measured. It was found that secondary production accounted for a significant portion of HCHO, with alkenes being key precursors. The study highlighted the importance of secondary pollution in the suburban areas of Shanghai.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Helene Angot, Lauriane L. J. Quelever, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Manuel Dall'Osto, David C. S. Beddows, Zoe Brasseur, Ivo Beck, Silvia Bucci, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Tiia Laurila, Eija Asmi, Andreas Massling, Daniel Charles Thomas, Jakob Kleno Nojgaard, Tak Chan, Sangeeta Sharma, Peter Tunved, Radovan Krejci, Hans Christen Hansson, Federico Bianchi, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Mikko Sipila, Julia Schmale, Tuija Jokinen
Summary: The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes due to accelerated warming. This study investigates the annual cycle of aerosol characteristics in the central Arctic Ocean and compares them to land-based sites across the Arctic. The analysis provides important insights into aerosol processes in the changing Arctic environment and their impact on climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)