Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuichi Kawachi, Makoto Sasaki, Yusuke Kosuga, Kenichiro Terasaka, Takashi Nishizawa, Takuma Yamada, Naohiro Kasuya, Chanho Moon, Shigeru Inagaki
Summary: By controlling the magnetic field and using a multi-channel Langmuir array arranged azimuthally, high-spatial resolution observation of high-wavenumber broadband turbulence is achieved in a basic laboratory plasma. The observed turbulence includes narrowband low-frequency fluctuations and broadband high-frequency turbulent fluctuations. The two-dimensional correlation analysis reveals that the high-wavenumber broadband fluctuations exhibit turbulent characteristics. These measurements provide further insights into small scale turbulence in space and fusion plasmas.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Weitao Tian, Huimin Sun, Yan Zhang, Jianjun Xu, Jia Yao, Jinquan Li, Bo Li, Ming Nie
Summary: Soil microbial respiration plays a crucial role in regulating carbon exchange between soil and atmosphere. Thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms can weaken the positive feedback between climate warming and soil respiration. While thermal adaptation of microbial communities and fungal species has been studied, there is still a lack of research on thermal adaptation of bacterial species, which are the most important decomposers in soil. This study isolated six widely distributed dominant bacterial species and investigated the effects of constant warming and temperature fluctuations on these species. The results showed that both constant warming and temperature fluctuations led to significant thermal adaptation among the bacterial species, with downregulation of respiratory temperature sensitivity and an increase in the minimum temperature required for growth. Incorporating the physiological responses of bacteria to temperature changes is essential for understanding the relationship between microbiota and temperature and improving predictions of global soil-atmosphere carbon feedbacks.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Guo, Fulin Kong, Xiufen He, Yuxin Liu, Chengcheng Wang, Lige Tong, Li Wang, Chuanping Liu
Summary: This paper uses CFD tool to investigate the real-time correspondence between wall temperature change and Taylor bubble location, and further improve the accuracy of thermal diffusion measurement. The results show that the increase in wall temperature is positively correlated with the length of the Taylor bubble.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sheng-Kai Hsu, Chaimae Belmouaden, Viola Nolte, Christian Schloetterer
Summary: The study compared expression profiles of replicated Drosophila melanogaster populations exposed to two different temperature regimes in the laboratory for more than 80 generations. It identified genes and gene modules that evolved in the same direction in both temperature regimes, reflecting adaptation to common selection pressures. Additionally, temperature-specific expression changes were observed, with overlap between adaptive genes in experimental evolution and natural Drosophila populations along different temperature clines.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yingnan Wang, Jiatao Shen, Xin Li, Hongbin Lang, Luqing Zhang, Hua Fang, Yunlong Yu
Summary: This study investigated the combined effects of temperature changes and pesticide exposure on aquatic organisms. The results showed that pesticide exposure increased oxidative stress and decreased heat tolerance of the organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to consider temperature changes in pesticide risk assessment under global warming.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianxun Yang, Qi Gao, Miaomiao Liu, Qingqing Wang, Zhen Ding, Mao Liu, Jun Bi
Summary: Issuing early heat warnings and enhancing public climate change awareness and engagement are important local policy options for heat wave adaptation. This study found that individual's physiological responses were correlated with subjective thermal perceptions, with aggravated thermal discomfort observed at temperatures between 30 and 35 degrees C. Heat exposure also increased climate change belief and reduced psychological distance significantly. Furthermore, follow-up surveys showed that daily temperature variations predicted climate change belief, indicating the importance of communication and policy changes during heat events.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Zhi-Qiang Han, Xin-Yu Guo, Qun Liu, Shan-Shan Liu, Zhi-Xin Zhang, Shi-Jun Xiao, Tian-Xiang Gao
Summary: Genetic adaptations of organisms in the northwestern Pacific to heterogeneous environments are not well understood. Population genomics analysis of Japanese whiting specimens revealed genetic divergence between Chinese and Japanese groups due to geographic distance and local adaptation, indicating possible parallel evolution. Candidate genes related to membrane fluidity were identified, potentially underlying adaptation to cold environmental stress. These findings enhance our understanding of rapid genetic adaptations and species responses to climate change.
ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuan Jiang, Zhixue Wang, Hui Du, Runlong Dong, Yaping Yuan, Jian Hua
Summary: This study analyzed the functional relevance of gene variants associated with local temperature variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, and found that genes associated with maximum temperature are more likely to function at higher temperatures, while genes associated with minimum temperature are more likely to function at lower temperatures. The research also showed that gene variants are distributed more frequently at geographic locations where they offer enhanced growth or tolerance.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mary K. Donovan, Deron E. Burkepile, Chelsey Kratochwill, Tom Shlesinger, Shannon Sully, Thomas A. Oliver, Gregor Hodgson, Jan Freiwald, Robert van Woesik
Summary: Climate change poses a serious threat to coral reefs, leading to coral bleaching and mortality, and global mass coral mortality events highlight the importance of mitigating climate change to protect coral reefs. Local stressors such as high abundance of macroalgae or urchins intensify coral loss and in combination with increasing heat stress, exacerbate coral mortality. Effective local management practices, combined with global efforts to mitigate climate change, offer hope for the survival of coral reefs in the Anthropocene era.
Review
Immunology
Se-Hun Kim, Ramachandran Chelliah, Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan, Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal, Woo-Suk Bang, Momna Rubab, Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri, Kaliyan Barathikannan, Fazle Elahi, Eunji Park, Hyeon Yeong Jo, Su-Bin Hwang, Deog Hwan Oh
Summary: Campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial colon infections in humans globally, and their stress-adaptation mechanisms differ from other enteropathogenic bacteria, allowing them to survive in diverse environments and enhance their resistance mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Ke Cao, Zhen Peng, Xing Zhao, Yong Li, Kuozhan Liu, Pere Arus, Weichao Fang, Changwen Chen, Xinwei Wang, Jinlong Wu, Zhangjun Fei, Lirong Wang
Summary: The study assembled genomes of four wild relatives of peach and resequenced 175 peach varieties. The results showed abundant genetic variations in the wild species compared to the cultivated peach, with enrichment of plant-pathogen interaction pathways and the identification of new genes and variations regulating resistance.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ma Navas-Martin, J. A. Lopez-Bueno, J. Diaz, F. Follos, J. M. Vellon, Ij Miron, My Luna, G. Sanchez-Martinez, D. Culqui, C. Linares
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the social, climate, and economic factors related to the evolution of minimum mortality temperatures (MMT) in Spain's rural and urban contexts. The study found that urban populations have adapted better to heat compared to non-urban populations. In urban areas, income level and habituation to heat were variables related to adaptation, while non-urban provinces showed that more housing rehabilitation licenses and a greater number of health professionals were associated with higher increases in MMT.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Agustin Zsogon, Lazaro E. P. Peres, Yingjie Xiao, Jianbing Yan, Alisdair R. Fernie
Summary: Global agriculture is primarily dominated by a few key crops, but there are over 50,000 edible plant species, with 7,000 considered semi-cultivated. Advances in next-generation sequencing and metabolomics are contributing to better characterize and study these plant species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel D. Fusca, Eesha Sharma, Joerg G. Weiss, Julie M. Claycomb, Asher D. Cutter
Summary: Distinct populations adapt to their local temperature conditions, resulting in temperature-dependent fitness differences. The study shows that small noncoding RNAs play a potential role in genotype-specific responses to temperature, suggesting that gene regulation via small RNAs may be an important contributor to local adaptation evolution.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Gianmaria Falasco, Massimiliano Esposito
Summary: The text discusses the coarse-graining of diffusive dynamics in the presence of deep energy minima and weak nongradient forces, showing that the emerging transition rates satisfy local detailed balance. When the mesoscopic dynamics has a large-size deterministic limit, it can be further reduced to a jump process over macroscopic states satisfying LDB. The persistence of LDB under coarse graining of weakly nonequilibrium states is a generic consequence of dissipative effects close to equilibrium.
Article
Entomology
Long Chen, Annie Enkegaard, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: The study found that the quality of biological control agents is strongly influenced by temperature, with laboratory measurements unable to accurately predict field efficacy. More complex assays, including behavioural responses, may be needed for optimized quality control of BCAs intended for field application.
Article
Entomology
Kim Jensen, Soren Toft, Jesper G. Sorensen, Martin Holmstrup
Summary: The study suggests that commercially produced O. majusculus have lower body condition compared to wild-caught individuals, but this does not result in a lower impact on pest prey numbers under the study conditions. Commercially produced O. majusculus have similar biological control value as wild-caught individuals.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Martin B. Nielsen, Trine K. Vogensen, Jakob Thyrring, Jesper G. Sorensen, Mikael K. Sejr
Summary: The study found that in Greenland, high gene expression levels were observed in North Atlantic mussels under conditions of high temperature and low salinity, leading to higher mortality rates.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Long Chen, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, Annie Enkegaard
Summary: The study found that temperature significantly affected several life history parameters of the commercialised egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae. Developmental acclimation had an impact on some traits, highlighting the potential for improving the performance of this parasitoid in mass production and biological control under different thermal conditions.
BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Penelope Tarapacki, Lisa Bjerregaard Jorgensen, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, Mads Kuhlmann Andersen, Herve Colinet, Johannes Overgaard
Summary: The study found that the cold tolerance of the spotted wing drosophila decreases exponentially with decreasing temperatures, and the ability to survive in different low temperature environments varies. Fruit flies exhibit similar physiological disturbances in response to moderate and intense cold stress, suggesting that cold stress experienced in natural conditions is cumulative. The accumulation of injury increases exponentially with decreasing temperature.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Heidi J. MacLean, Jonas Hjort Hansen, Jesper G. Sorensen
Summary: Accurately phenotyping test subjects is crucial for experimental research. This study presents the results of automatically generated thermal tolerance data using motion-tracking software, demonstrating that automation can increase efficiency without compromising quality. The method was applied to two different heat tolerance assays on Drosophila species, producing results comparable to those obtained manually. The researchers conclude that automation is a useful example of high-throughput phenotyping and can be applicable to various arthropod taxa.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitzy F. Porras, Gustavo A. Agudelo-Cantero, M. Geovanni Santiago-Martinez, Carlos A. Navas, Volker Loeschcke, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, Edwin G. Rajotte
Summary: Pathogens can alter the thermal tolerance and behavior of host insects and their predators, impacting their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and their willingness to cross thermal zones. Fungal infection reduces thermal tolerance, modifies boldness behaviors, and increases ATP levels in infected insects. These changes may have implications for predator-prey interactions, food web structures, and species distributions as temperatures continue to rise.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nicholas J. Barrett, Jakob Thyrring, Elizabeth M. Harper, Mikael K. Sejr, Jesper G. Sorensen, Lloyd S. Peck, Melody S. Clark
Summary: Increasing Arctic temperatures have led to accelerated melting of the Greenland ice sheet, exposing intertidal organisms like Mytilus edulis to high air temperatures and low salinities in the summer. This study found that the combined stressors of high temperature and low salinity push M. edulis towards their tolerance thresholds, leading to an increase in upregulated genes. The organism also exhibits efficient mechanisms, such as intracellular osmoregulation and fluid-filled cavities, to acclimatize to changing salinity levels. These findings demonstrate the resilience of M. edulis to heat stress and lowered salinity in a changing world.
Review
Entomology
Brent J. Sinclair, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This article synthesizes the literature on thermal plasticity in insects and explores the opportunities to enhance the performance of released insects by modifying temperature regimes. The authors discuss how temperature affects insect biology and identify potential mismatches between thermal acclimation and field temperatures. They also address the challenges in implementing optimal thermal regimes and highlight the importance of considering trade-offs with other traits. Overall, the study suggests that thermal physiological plasticity can be effectively utilized in release programs.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Martin Holmstrup, Jesper G. Sorensen, Wencai Dai, Paul Henning Krogh, Ruediger M. Schmelz, Stine Slotsbo
Summary: Understanding thermal tolerance traits is important for predicting species distributions and their ability to adapt to future climate changes. There is a trade-off between cold tolerance and reproduction, while adult body size is negatively correlated with environmental temperature. The sensitivity distribution is related to thermal tolerance.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Vinu Salachan, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: Adaptation to thermal variability is important for species' persistence. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster were subjected to acclimation at constant and fluctuating temperatures to investigate the molecular basis of fluctuating temperature-induced phenotypic plasticity. The results showed that there are stage- and sex-specific dynamics of the acclimation responses to fluctuating temperatures. Fluctuating temperature acclimation resulted in the canalization of gene expression in adult females, and both transcriptional and post-transcriptional machinery were greatly affected by fluctuations in adult males. Heat stress response involving major heat shock proteins was enriched in both larvae and adults exposed to fluctuating temperatures.
Article
Entomology
Astrid Bay Amstrup, Ida Baek, Volker Loeschcke, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: Plastic responses to heat stress can temporarily increase heat stress tolerance in small ectotherms. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a role in this induced heat stress tolerance, but additional mechanisms such as the Turandot gene family are also involved. This study investigates the temporal dynamics and functional role of Turandot genes totA and totC in heat stress tolerance.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Fatemeh Tabebordbar, Giorgio Formisano, Parviz Shishehbor, Ebrahim Ebrahimi, Massimo Giorgini, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: The performance of three Trichogramma euproctidis populations from different locations in southwest Iran was evaluated to optimize mass-rearing for biological control of lepidopteran pests. Population origin and host quality significantly influenced the biological traits of the parasitoids and their progeny. The best-performing population, collected in Mollasani, showed higher parasitization rate, survival rate, and progeny sex ratio when reared on young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jian Ge, Stine Slotsbo, Jesper G. Sorensen, Martin Holmstrup
Summary: The agricultural and industrial emissions of copper-based chemicals have led to increased copper levels in soils worldwide. This copper contamination has toxic effects on soil animals and impacts their thermal tolerance. This study investigated the effects of copper exposure on the thermal performance of a springtail, demonstrating that high copper levels reduce tolerance to suboptimal temperatures and decrease maximal performance.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Paul Vinu Salachan, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, Heidi Joan Maclean
Summary: This study reveals that the response of insects to temperature changes may be influenced by individual temperature restrictions or behavioral choices. While flies may be physiologically capable of performing better at higher temperatures, these benefits may not be realized in actual environments.
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2021)
