miR-93-3p inhibition suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma proliferation, metastasis and invasion

miRNA dysregulation is associated with many human diseases, including cancer. This study explored the effects of miR-93-3p on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We found that miR-93-3p is upregulated an average of 38-fold in 138 ccRCC specimens compared to matched normal kidney tissues, which correlated with poor patient outcome. miR-93-3p inhibition reduced ccRCC cell growth, invasion, and migration in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. A search of the TargetScan, miRanda, and PicTar databases revealed that miR-93-3p is predicted to regulate pigment epitheliumderived factor (PEDF). A direct PEDF-miR-93-3p interaction was confirmed via dualluciferase reporter assays. Like miR-93-3p inhibition, PEDF overexpression induced cell apoptosis and inhibited migration and invasion. Additionally, co-transfection with PEDF siRNA reversed the effects of miR-93-3p inhibition in ccRCC cells. Thus, miR93- 3p is a likely ccRCC oncogene that acts by regulating PEDF. These results suggest that miR-93-3p may predict ccRCC patient clinical outcome and serve as a novel anticcRCC therapeutic target.