Review
Oncology
Thomas Friedrich, Nicholas Henthorn, Marco Durante
Summary: The combination of immune therapy with radiation presents a promising treatment modality in cancer therapy, but challenges remain in the effective clinical implementation. These include determining optimal drug and radiation dose schedules, the amount of damage and associated doses required, and the impact of lymphocyte status and dynamics. Biophysical modeling can offer insights into addressing these factors and mechanisms of action.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lili Mao, Zhonghui Qi, Li Zhang, Jun Guo, Lu Si
Summary: Acral and mucosal melanomas are rare in Caucasians but predominant in Asians, displaying aggressive phenotypes and similar genetic landscapes. Current therapies show limited benefit for these subtypes, and mechanisms contributing to disparities remain unclear. Early diagnosis and effective interventions for these melanoma subtypes are crucial.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bilal Zulfiqar, Asim Farooq, Shahzina Kanwal, Kashif Asghar
Summary: Lung cancer is a highly prevalent and deadly disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Surgery is not an option at this point, so radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both is used. However, these therapies are often ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative preventive approaches. Targeting the tumor microenvironment has proven to be an effective therapy against lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mayuka Anko, Yusuke Kobayashi, Kouji Banno, Daisuke Aoki
Summary: Gynecologic melanomas are rare with a poor prognosis, and the efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in their treatment remains uncertain. Current research relies on case reports and case series, highlighting the need for further prospective cohort studies or randomized trials to evaluate treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stephen L. Chan, Nathalie Wong, W. K. Jacky Lam, Ming Kuang
Summary: Advances in systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have introduced more options but personalized treatment approaches are crucial due to differing patient responses. Biomarker data and tumor heterogeneity analysis have proven to be effective methods in guiding treatment decisions for HCC patients.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Semir Vranic, Farhan S. Cyprian, Zoran Gatalica, Juan Palazzo
Summary: Breast cancer, traditionally considered not highly immunogenic, has been found to exhibit immunogenicity in some cases, particularly in aggressive triple-negative types. However, challenges remain in identifying patients who would benefit from immunotherapy and in analyzing samples accurately for immune cell targets. Explore exploration of checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer, specifically in PD-L1 testing, is an important aspect of current research.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yumeng Tian, Lu Xu, Xin Li, Heming Li, Mingfang Zhao
Summary: SMARCA4, a transcription activator, is an ATP-dependent catalytic subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes. It plays a role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression and is a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). NSCLC patients with SMARCA4 alterations have a poor response to chemotherapy and prognosis. This review summarizes the biological functions of SMARCA4, its role in NSCLC development, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik, Heena B. Choudhary
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly and fast-growing tumor. Current treatments for advanced HCC are limited and ineffective. However, immunotherapy has shown promise in treating HCC and provides new treatment options.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steven David, Jennifer Tan, Shankar Siva, Lama Karroum, Peter Savas, Sherene Loi
Summary: Radiotherapy and immunotherapy are gaining attention in solid tumors, including breast cancer. Radiotherapy can activate immune response to treat distant untreated tumors. Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy is a non-invasive technique that provides high dose ablative treatment while sparing normal tissues.
Review
Biology
Zhangsong Wu, Jinjian Liu, Ruixiang Dai, Song Wu
Summary: The treatment strategy for bladder cancer has evolved with the introduction of immunotherapy, but only a limited number of patients benefit from it, and there are challenges with immune-related adverse events. If response rates improve and adverse events are managed better, immunotherapy could potentially revolutionize the landscape of urothelial carcinoma therapeutics.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alejandro Garcia-Alvarez, Carolina Ortiz, Eva Munoz-Couselo
Summary: Melanoma with NRAS mutations has poorer outcomes compared to non-NRAS mutant cases. While immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently the standard of care, combination strategies with MEK inhibitors and other targeted therapies may enhance efficacy. Further research into the biology and intracellular interactions of NRAS-mutant melanoma is needed to develop novel impactful treatment strategies.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna M. Czarnecka, Marcin Kleibert, Iga Plachta, Pawel Rogala, Michal Wagrodzki, Przemyslaw Leszek, Piotr Rutkowski
Summary: Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionized oncology, especially in melanoma therapy, by significantly extending patients' overall survival. However, these treatments can also cause severe adverse events, such as cardiotoxicity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hamid Aria, Marzieh Rezaei
Summary: Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) is a type of cell death that stimulates the immune response to kill tumor cells. It relies on ER stress and the secretion of DAMPs. DAMPs recruit innate immune cells, triggering a cancer-specific immune response to eliminate remaining cancer cells.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wanying Wang, Tianyu Qiu, Fei Li, Shengxiang Ren
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in lung cancer treatment, and recently bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have also shown great potential. These antibodies target two independent epitopes or antigens and have been extensively studied in translational and clinical research in lung cancer. In this article, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of bsAbs, clinical data, ongoing trials, and novel compounds for lung cancer treatment. We also discuss future directions for the clinical development of bsAbs.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Rilan Bai, Wenqian Li, Jiuwei Cui
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous class of tumors with limited treatment options and poor prognosis after first-line treatment failure. Immune checkpoint inhibitors alone have limited efficacy in most NENs, but their combination with other therapies has shown some effectiveness. The interaction between neuroendocrine and immune systems is essential for NEN treatment.
CANCER BIOLOGY & MEDICINE
(2022)