Review
Oncology
Kristen McClellan, Emerson Y. Chen, Adel Kardosh, Charles D. Lopez, Jaydira Del Rivero, Nadine Mallak, Flavio G. Rocha, Yilun Koethe, Rodney Pommier, Erik Mittra, Guillaume J. Pegna
Summary: This review summarizes the current treatments for neuroendocrine tumors and explores the cellular changes involved in treatment resistance. It provides an up-to-date summary of clinical findings regarding therapy-resistant neuroendocrine tumors and discusses potential strategies to overcome resistance.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Gabriella Pugliese, Roberta Modica, Daniela Laudisio, Sara Aprano, Antongiulio Faggiano, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano
Summary: Patients with GEP-NET tend to have lower chronotype scores and more commonly display evening chronotypes compared to healthy subjects. Morning chronotype patients show better anthropometric measurements and MetS percentages. Patients with metastasis, G2 grading, and progressive disease tend to have lower chronotype scores.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Roberta Modica, Barbara Altieri, Gabriella Pugliese, Roberto Minotta, Antongiulio Faggiano, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano
Summary: Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This study investigated the association of Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) as early predictors of MetS with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), finding that MetS, NAFLD, and visceral adiposity dysfunction are correlated with the worsening of clinicopathological characteristics in GEP-NET.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Eduardo de Souza M. Fernandes, Camila V. Garcia Kyt, Felipe Pedreira Tavares de Mello, Leandro Savattone Pimentel, Ronaldo de Oliveira Andrade, Camila Girao, Camilla Cesar, Munique Siqueira, Maria Eduarda Monachesi, Anderson Brito, Claudia Cristina Tavares de Sousa, Wellington Andraus, Orlando Jorge M. Torres
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors are a diverse group of tumors found in various organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, thymus, thyroid, and adrenal glands. These tumors, particularly in the small intestine, appendix, and pancreas, often have metastases upon diagnosis. Classification of neuroendocrine tumors is based on cell differentiation and proliferation index. Treatment options for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors include surgery, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, percutaneous therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Liver surgery, specifically orthotopic liver transplantation, has shown promising results in selected cases. The aim of this study is to review the literature on orthotopic liver transplantation as a curative treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastasis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Judy S. Crabtree
Summary: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare and diverse tumors associated with genetic disorders and epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic signatures can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and as targets for the development of new treatment approaches.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Valentina Andreasi, Stefano Partelli, Francesca Muffatti, Marco F. Manzoni, Gabriele Capurso, Massimo Falconi
Summary: The incidence of GEP-NENs has increased over the past three decades, leading to a variety of treatment options including conservative management, surgical resection, and medical therapies based on disease characteristics.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Chanjuan Shi, Michael A. Morse
Summary: This article summarizes the treatment methods for advanced neuroendocrine tumors in the intestinal tract and pancreas, as well as the limitations in therapeutic resistance. Although the mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood, early studies suggest that combination therapy or the use of novel targeted drugs may be promising.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elzbieta Moszczynska, Katarzyna Pasternak-Pietrzak, Monika Prokop-Piotrkowska, Anna Sliwinska, Sylwia Szymanska, Mieczyslaw Szalecki
Summary: Two cases of neuroendocrine tumors in adolescents presenting with clinical features of Cushing's syndrome were diagnosed with ectopic adrenocorticotropic syndrome based on imaging and histopathological examinations. This rare endocrine disorder should be considered in the diagnostic process of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome cases.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jaydira Del Rivero, Kimberly Perez, Erin B. Kennedy, Erik S. Mittra, Namrata Vijayvergia, Junaid Arshad, Sandip Basu, Aman Chauhan, Arvind N. Dasari, Andrew M. Bellizzi, Alexandra Gangi, Erin Grady, James R. Howe, Jana Ivanidze, Mark Lewis, Josh Mailman, Nitya Raj, Heloisa P. Soares, Michael C. Soulen, Sarah B. White, Jennifer A. Chan, Pamela L. Kunz, Simron Singh, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Emily K. Bergsland
Summary: This article aims to provide systemic therapy recommendations for patients with well-differentiated grade 1 to grade 3 metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Through a systematic review and analysis of relevant studies, the recommendations for first-line and second-line therapies for different stages and types of GEP-NETs are provided, along with qualifying statements for treatment choice. The importance of multidisciplinary team management and shared decision-making with patients is emphasized.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Federica Campolo, Franz Sesti, Tiziana Feola, Giulia Puliani, Antongiulio Faggiano, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Marta Tenuta, Valeria Hasenmajer, Elisabetta Ferretti, Monica Verrico, Daniele Gianfrilli, Mary Anna Venneri, Andrea M. M. Isidori, Elisa Giannetta
Summary: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that circRNA signatures from tumor-educated platelets may serve as liquid biopsy biomarkers for the detection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and the prediction of early treatment response.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fernando Guerrero-Perez, Inmaculada Peiro, Agustina Pia Marengo, Alex Teule, Jose Carlos Ruffinelli, Roger Llatjos, Teresa Serrano, Ivan Macia, Nuria Vilarrasa, Pedro Iglesias, Carles Villabona
Summary: Ectopic Cushing's syndrome caused by thymic neuroendocrine tumors presents as aggressive hypercortisolism in middle-aged populations. The disease is commonly diagnosed in advanced stages, with persistent or recurrent tumors and a high short-term mortality rate after surgery.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chiara Liverani, Chiara Spadazzi, Toni Ibrahim, Federica Pieri, Flavia Foca, Chiara Calabrese, Alessandro De Vita, Giacomo Miserocchi, Claudia Cocchi, Silvia Vanni, Giorgio Ercolani, Davide Cavaliere, Nicoletta Ranallo, Elisa Chiadini, Giovanna Prisinzano, Stefano Severi, Maddalena Sansovini, Giovanni Martinelli, Alberto Bongiovanni, Laura Mercatali
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a rare group of tumors with a wide range of clinical presentations. Lenvatinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). The overexpression of HRAS in tumor tissue may be a potential biomarker for lenvatinib response.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Marco De Martino, Simona Pellecchia, Francesco Esposito, Nadia Tosti, Cristina Quintavalle, Serenella Eppenberger-Castori, Vincenza Carafa, Alberto Righi, Paolo Chieffi, Alfredo Fusco, Luigi Maria Terracciano, Pierlorenzo Pallante
Summary: This study evaluated the expression of HMGA1 in neuroendocrine tumors and its role in tumor development. The results showed that HMGA1 is overexpressed in tumor samples and that its silencing interferes with the proliferation and migration abilities of tumor cells.
Review
Biology
Leonidas N. Diamantopoulos, Markos Kalligeros, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Nikolaos Diamantis, Christos Toumpanakis
Summary: There are various systemic combination regimens being investigated for advanced well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). This review provides an overview of the clinical trials and prospective studies on combination treatments. Results show a wide range of efficacy in reported combinations, and only a few phase 3 trials have shown practice-changing results. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)-based combinations and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent combinations with standard chemotherapy have shown promising results, while immune-checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations have limited applicability.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarit T. Kipnis, Matthew Hung, Shria Kumar, Jason M. Heckert, Hwan Lee, Bonita Bennett, Michael C. Soulen, Daniel A. Pryma, David A. Mankoff, David C. Metz, Jennifer R. Eads, Bryson W. Katona
Summary: This cohort study analyzed the first 2 years of PRRT implementation at a US-based NET referral center. The study found that PRRT was associated with laboratory-measured toxic effects for most patients and an overall median PFS of 21.6 months. Patients with small bowel NETs had longer PFS after PRRT compared with patients with pancreatic NETs.