Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Benjamin Lebwohl, Alberto Rubio-Tapia
Summary: The incidence of celiac disease is increasing due to both improved recognition and a real increase of the disorder. The reasons for this true rise are unclear, but may be related to environmental factors. Early-life gluten exposure is a major focus of prevention efforts.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Man Wang, Wen-Jie Kong, Yan Feng, Jia-Jie Lu, Wen-Jia Hui, Wei-Dong Liu, Zi-Qiong Li, Tian Shi, Mei Cui, Zhen-Zhu Sun, Feng Gao
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of celiac disease (CD) in northwest China by analyzing clinical data of 2884 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. It was found that CD was more prevalent in the Uyghur and Kazakh populations, and H. pylori infection may be associated with CD severity.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna Rita Di Biase, Giovanni Marasco, Federico Ravaioli, Luigi Colecchia, Elton Dajti, Marco Lecis, Erica Passini, Luigina Vanessa Alemanni, Davide Festi, Lorenzo Iughetti, Antonio Colecchia
Summary: The study evaluated 410 pediatric CD patients and found that 11.2% were asymptomatic, while 88.2% were symptomatic, with over half having both gastrointestinal and atypical symptoms. The ESPGHAN non-biopsy criteria are accurate for CD diagnosis and allow half of unnecessary EGD procedures to be avoided.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni A. Roldan, Sehrish Jamot, Krzysztof Kopec, Amber Charoen, Daniel Leffler, Edward R. Feller, Samir A. Shah
Summary: The clinical presentation of celiac disease differs between the community setting and a tertiary referral center, with community patients being older, overweight, and having a higher proportion of mineral bone disease.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco Valvano, Stefano Fabiani, Sabrina Monaco, Mauro Calabro, Antonio Mancusi, Sara Frassino, Claudia Rolandi, Marta Mosca, Susanna Faenza, Emanuele Sgamma, Nicola Cesaro, Giovanni Latella
Summary: Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy caused by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. The only recommended treatment is a gluten-free diet, but unintentional gluten ingestion or refractory celiac disease with persistent villous atrophy poses a major challenge. This review analyzed data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies to evaluate adjunctive and novel therapies for CD and RCD. Although a gluten-free diet remains the only effective treatment, steroids, mesalamine, and biological therapies have shown promise in managing RCD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rakel Nurmi, Camilla Pasternack, Teea Salmi, Kaisa Hervonen, Inka Koskinen, Jutta Jarvelin, Heini Huhtala, Pekka Collin, Jukka Mustonen, Katri Kaukinen, Satu Makela
Summary: Patients with celiac disease have an increased risk of kidney diseases, particularly IgA nephropathy. This risk is phenotype-dependent and is not observed in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Shruti Sakhuja, Lori R. Holtz
Summary: A subset of patients initially with negative biopsy for celiac disease later develop histopathologic celiac disease, with slower progression in some cases. Regular reassessment is recommended for children with serological signs of celiac disease despite normal small bowel biopsy results.
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Liana Ferreira Correa, Carlos Cezar Fritscher, Renata Tramontin Fritscher, Thiago Krieger Bento da Silva, Leandro Genehr Fritscher
Summary: Paracoccidioidomycosis, also known as blastomycosis in South America, is a systemic mycosis related to soil management activities, particularly agriculture. Cases of PCM restricted to the tracheobronchial tree region have not been reported.
Article
Immunology
Sadhna Bhasin Lal, Vybhav Venkatesh, Aradhana Aneja, Keerthivasan Seetharaman, Yashwant Kumar, Kaushal Kishor Prasad, Surinder Singh Rana
Summary: This study examined the clinical, serological, and histological profile of celiac disease (CD) in a large group of children in northern India. The results showed that common symptoms of CD include growth faltering, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Older children were more likely to present with non-classical forms of CD. There has been a trend towards non-classical CD in recent years.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Xiaoxue Zhu, Xin-Huai Zhao, Qiang Zhang, Na Zhang, Olugbenga P. Soladoye, Rotimi E. Aluko, Yuhao Zhang, Yu Fu
Summary: This article reviews the latest research progress on the relationship between celiac disease (CD) and gluten. It emphasizes the structure and function of gluten peptides related to CD, gluten detection methods, the effects of processing on gluten, and gluten-free diets. The limitations in current CD research are also discussed. This study facilitates a comprehensive understanding of CD and gluten, providing a theoretical reference for future research.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammad Alharbi, Carlos Y. Benitez, Abdullah M. Alharbi, Abdulmajeed M. Alharbi
Summary: This article reports a rare case of celiac artery trunk thrombosis, emphasizing the importance of considering this possibility in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zsolt Szakacs, Nelli Farkas, Eniko Nagy, Reka Bencs, Zsofia Vereczkei, Judit Bajor
Summary: International trends suggest that celiac disease (CeD) is increasing in prevalence and its clinical presentation is changing. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the clinical presentation of CeD. Data from a total of 738 CeD patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that classical CeD was more common in recent years and tended to occur in older patients. However, there was no significant association between clinical presentation and sex, serology, or histology at diagnosis. The age and calendar year of diagnosis were found to be independently associated with clinical presentations.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abdullah Shatnawei, Asma H. H. AlNababteh, Romona Devi Govender, Saif Al-Shamsi, Ammar AlJarrah, Rami H. H. Al-Rifai
Summary: This study aimed to characterize patients with celiac disease (CD), evaluate the performance of serologic tests for CD screening, and examine the clinical spectrum of CD in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results showed that 3% of patients were seropositive for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (Anti-tTG-IgA), and 2% were histopathologically confirmed with CD. Anti-tTG-IgA had the highest sensitivity and specificity among the tested serologic biomarkers, but a proportion of seronegative patients were seropositive for anti-deamidated gliadin peptide IgA and/or anti-deamidated gliadin peptide IgG. Comprehensive serological investigation including DGP-IgG/IgA is recommended to avoid missing patients with CD.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Rylee Pence, Bethany Johnston
Summary: Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi infection transmitted via the Ixodes tick, is a common vector-borne illness in the United States. This case report describes a 41-year-old man with syncope and cardiac manifestations, who was diagnosed with early disseminated Lyme disease. Emergency physicians should be aware of Lyme disease as a possible differential diagnosis for patients with vague flu-like symptoms, as early treatment can prevent progression to a true cardiac or neurologic emergency.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yahia Mahli, Mohammed S. Aldamegh, Moath Aljohani
Summary: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, ranking second after malaria among parasitic infections. While schistosomiasis mainly affects the intestines and urinary system, gallbladder involvement is rare and often presents with imaging findings similar to acute cholecystitis. However, we encountered a case with atypical imaging findings.
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fernanda Cristofori, Mariaelena Tripaldi, Giusi Lorusso, Flavia Indrio, Vincenzo Rutigliano, Domenico Piscitelli, Stefania Castellaneta, Vincenzo Bentivoglio, Ruggiero Francavilla
Summary: A study on children with celiac disease on a strict gluten-free diet found a higher prevalence of functional abdominal pain disorders, particularly irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation, compared to controls. Younger age and higher levels of anti-transglutaminase IgA at diagnosis were associated with these disorders.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maurizio Delvecchio, Francesca Bizzoco, Rosa Lapolla, Antonia Gentile, Cinzia Carrozza, Michele Barone, Simonetta Simonetti, Paola Giordano, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Fernanda Cristofori, Ruggiero Francavilla
Summary: The study found that iodine absorption in children with celiac disease is impaired compared to the general population, and while it slightly increases during the gluten-free diet, the increase is not significant. Regular reinforcement of the need for proper iodine intake in celiac disease patients is necessary to reduce the risk of iodine deficiency.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giulia Concas, Michele Barone, Ruggiero Francavilla, Fernanda Cristofori, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Rossella Giorgio, Costantino Dargenio, Vassilios Fanos, Maria Antonietta Marcialis
Summary: This review provides a practical reference for physicians dealing with patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It summarizes the origin and pathogenetic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, clinical manifestations of GI involvement, recent guidelines for GI procedures, and special conditions such as faecal-oral transmission and gut microbiota.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Margherita Caroli, Andrea Vania, Maria Carmen Verga, Giuseppe Di Mauro, Marcello Bergamini, Barbara Cuomo, Rosaria D'Anna, Giuseppe D'Antonio, Iride Dello Iacono, Angelica Dessi, Mattia Doria, Vassilios Fanos, Michele Fiore, Ruggiero Francavilla, Simonetta Genovesi, Marco Giussani, Antonella Gritti, Dario Iafusco, Lucia Leonardi, Vito Leonardo Miniello, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Filomena Palma, Francesco Pastore, Immacolata Scotese, Giovanni Simeone, Marco Squicciarini, Giovanna Tezza, Ersilia Troiano, Giuseppina Rosa Umano
Summary: Adequate and balanced nutrition is crucial for child growth and health. The introduction of complementary feeding (CF) is a controversial process influenced by socio-cultural choices and family traditions. Italian medical associations have developed evidence-based recommendations for CF to guide developed countries in selecting the appropriate timing and methods, as well as understanding the link between CF and the development of non-communicable diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Piras, Michele Mussap, Antonio Noto, Andrea De Giacomo, Fernanda Cristofori, Martina Spada, Vassilios Fanos, Luigi Atzori, Ruggiero Francavilla
Summary: Metabolomics-based studies suggest that autistic subjects may have metabolic abnormalities and alterations in gut microbiota and gut mucosal permeability. This study aimed to explore the relevant metabolic perturbations in autistic children and investigate the relationship between increased intestinal permeability and specific metabolic changes.
Review
Microbiology
V. N. Dargenio, F. Cristofori, C. Dargenio, P. Giordano, F. Indrio, G. Celano, R. Francavilla
Summary: This study reviewed the evidence on Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR DSM 17938), which secretes reuterin and other substances to inhibit pathogen growth and restore intestinal homeostasis. LR DSM 17938 has been shown to have beneficial effects in functional gastrointestinal disorders and in the treatment of acute diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The correct dosage, frequency of administration, and therapy duration need to be further investigated.
BENEFICIAL MICROBES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michele Barone, Andrea Iannone, Fernanda Cristofori, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Flavia Indrio, Elvira Verduci, Alfredo Di Leo, Ruggiero Francavilla
Summary: Most celiac patients have a normal BMI at presentation, and a gluten-free diet does not increase the risk of overweight or obesity, especially in children.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elisabetta Di Profio, Vittoria Carlotta Magenes, Giulia Fiore, Marta Agostinelli, Alice La Mendola, Miriam Acunzo, Ruggiero Francavilla, Flavia Indrio, Alessandra Bosetti, Enza D'Auria, Elisa Borghi, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Elvira Verduci
Summary: The gut microbiota, influenced by multiple factors, plays a crucial role in the development of infants and children. Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and dietary patterns during infancy and toddlerhood are important for the proper development of the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis can have long-lasting effects, leading to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, weakened immune system, and alterations in the gut-brain axis. Children with specific diseases require special formulas and diets to exclude certain foods or nutrients. This review aims to examine the impact of special formulas and diets on the gut microbiota and their potential health implications in children.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Angelo Antignani, Ruggiero Francavilla, Andrea Vania, Lucia Leonardi, Cristina Di Mauro, Giovanna Tezza, Fernanda Cristofori, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Immacolata Scotese, Filomena Palma, Margherita Caroli
Summary: Adequate complementary feeding practices are crucial for child health, but there are concerns about the nutritional composition of commercial baby foods (CBFs) available in the Italian market. Issues include inappropriate recommended timeframes, high levels of fats and sugars, unnecessary salt content, and inappropriate texture for infant development.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francesco Valitutti, Maureen M. Leonard, Victoria Kenyon, Monica Montuori, Pasqua Piemontese, Ruggiero Francavilla, Basilio Malamisura, Lorenzo Norsa, Angela Calvi, Maria Elena Lionetti, Mariella Baldassarre, Chiara Maria Trovato, Michela Perrone, Tiziana Passaro, Naire Sansotta, Marco Crocco, Annalisa Morelli, Lidia Celeste Raguseo, Federica Malerba, Luca Elli, Fernanda Cristofori, Carlo Catassi, Alessio Fasano, CD-GEMM Team
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify potential serum biomarkers predicting the onset of celiac disease (CD) in at-risk children. The results showed that 73.6% of the children had an increase in anti-deamidated gliadin peptides (DGPs) IgG levels before their first seroconversion of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) IgA antibodies, indicating that anti-DGPs IgG may serve as an early preclinical biomarker predicting CD onset in children.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Flavia Indrio, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Ruggiero Francavilla, Hania Szajewska, Yvan Vandenplas
Summary: About 25% of infants experience prolonged crying or colic during the first three months of life, and there is limited understanding of its long-term consequences. Literature suggests an association between infant colic and the development of gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, and behavioral problems later in life. However, the current evidence is based on correlations, and a causal relationship has not been established.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Flavia Indrio, Pedro Gutierrez Castrellon, Yvan Vandenplas, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Ruggiero Francavilla, Massimo Pettoello Mantovani, Assunta Grillo, Isadora Beghetti, Luigi Corvaglia, Arianna Aceti
Summary: Through a systematic review and network meta-analysis, it was found that infant formula supplemented with probiotics or synbiotics may have certain effects on reducing colic, fever days, and antibiotic use in healthy infants and 36-month-old toddlers. However, there is considerable heterogeneity which reduces the certainty of these effects, and no significant effects were observed on weight, height, and changes in fecal bacteria proportions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maureen Leonard, Victoria Kenyon, Francesco Valitutti, Rita Pennacchio-Harrington, Pasqua Piemontese, Ruggiero Francavilla, Lorenzo Norsa, Tiziana Passaro, Marco Crocco, Mariella Baldassarre, Chiara Maria Trovato, Alessio Fasano
Summary: The CDGEMM study is an international birth cohort study focusing on children at-risk of developing celiac disease (CD) and utilizing a multi-omic approach to predict CD onset. Participants are required to have a first-degree family member with biopsy diagnosed CD and be enrolled before solid food introduction. Longitudinal collection of blood, stool samples, and questionnaires related to participant, family, and environment has been ongoing since 2014. With a total of 554 participants and an average age of 56.4 months, the study has identified microbial strains, pathways, and metabolites associated with CD development. Ongoing analysis includes expanding metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, evaluating environmental risk factors, and investigating the role of microbiome and metabolites in CD development.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vito Leonardo Miniello, Andrea Miniello, Laura Ficele, Aleksandra Skublewska-D'Elia, Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Fernanda Cristofori, Ruggiero Francavilla
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract houses a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota, which interact with the host organism through molecular communication to maintain a symbiotic relationship. The balance and diversity of the gut microbiota are essential for the host's immune and metabolic homeostasis and protection against pathogens. Dysregulation of the microbiota composition, called dysbiosis, has been linked to the development of various diseases. Dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota using biomodulators such as prebiotics, probiotics, symbionts, and postbiotics has emerged as a promising strategy to restore and maintain a healthy microbiota. Recent advancements in the production of infant formulas have included the addition of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to create formulas that closely resemble the nutritional and biological composition of human milk.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vanessa Nadia Dargenio, Costantino Dargenio, Stefania Castellaneta, Andrea De Giacomo, Marianna Laguardia, Federico Schettini, Ruggiero Francavilla, Fernanda Cristofori
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in communication, social interactions, and skills. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ASD, influencing central nervous system development and homeostasis. Although probiotics have shown promise in modulating the microbiota and improving symptoms in ASD, concrete evidence is still lacking due to study heterogeneity.
