Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Paulo Puac-Polanco, Nader Zakhari, Gerard H. Jansen, Carlos Torres
Summary: A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of lightheadedness and intermittent balance and coordination difficulties. He also experienced speech difficulties and cognitive changes. Initial MRI revealed abnormal findings in the left supratentorial brain.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ahmed Abdelhak, Kai Antweiler, Markus C. Kowarik, Makbule Senel, Joachim Havla, Uwe K. Zettl, Ingo Kleiter, Thomas Skripuletz, Axel Haarmann, Alexander Stahmann, Andre Huss, Stefan Gingele, Markus Krumbholz, Pascal Benkert, Jens Kuhle, Tim Friede, Albert C. Ludolph, Ulf Ziemann, Tania Kuempfel, Hayrettin Tumani
Summary: This study confirms the value of serum GFAP and NfL in PPMS and SPMS, and indicates that the combination of high GFAP and low NfL levels can help identify progression risk in people with progressive multiple sclerosis.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shanice Beerepoot, Hans Heijst, Birthe Roos, Mirjam M. C. Wamelink, Jaap Jan Boelens, Caroline A. Lindemans, Peter M. van Hasselt, Edwin H. Jacobs, Marjo S. van der Knaap, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Nicole Wolf
Summary: This study compared neurofilament light chain and GFAP levels in patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy and healthy controls, suggesting that these two proteins may serve as biomarkers for clinical assessment and treatment decisions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhongmin Yuan, Huilu Li, Lu Huang, Congcong Fu, Yaotang Chen, Cheng Zhi, Wei Qiu, Youming Long
Summary: In autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), there is a predominance of CD8(+) T cells with marked lymphocytic infiltration, especially adjacent to dystrophic neurons and astrocytes. Additionally, there is diffuse infiltration by CD68(+) and CD163(+) macrophages. CD8(+) astrocytes were identified in some samples, but no CD4(+) astrocytes were observed.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yingfang Liang, Gangqi Wang, Bixun Li, Guoliang Li, Hao Zeng
Summary: This study aimed to summarize the clinical features of Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytosis mimicking tuberculosis meningitis. The clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid results, and imaging data of five patients were retrospectively analyzed. Anti-GFAP antibody testing should be routinely performed in patients with suspected tuberculosis meningitis to avoid misdiagnosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jiao Li, Chentao Wang, Yulan Cao, Jijun Shi, Huihui Liu, Meili Zhou, Chunfeng Liu, Weidong Hu
Summary: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a steroid-responsive autoimmune disease of the nervous system, and timely accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Article
Pediatrics
Haixia Huang, Ke Bai, Yueqiang Fu, Siwei Lu, Yunni Ran, Hongxing Dang, Jing Li
Summary: Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy is a novel form of autoimmune meningoencephalitis related to GFAP autoantibodies, with few pediatric cases reported. Diagnosis is confirmed through MRI analysis and antibody testing, with treatment usually involving IVIG and intravenous steroids.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eun-Hee Kim, Young-Eun Jang, Sang-Hwan Ji, Ji-Hyun Lee, Sung-Ae Cho, Jin-Tae Kim, Hyunyee Yoon, Hee-Soo Kim
Summary: The study investigated changes in plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein concentration during sevoflurane anesthesia induction in children under 3 years old and found that three hours of anesthesia did not cause neuronal injury. However, co-administration of dexmedetomidine led to an increase in plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein levels after 180 minutes, indicating a potential effect on neuronal injury that requires further study.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Akshatha Ganne, Meenakshisundaram Balasubramaniam, W. Sue T. Griffin, Robert J. Shmookler Reis, Srinivas Ayyadevara
Summary: GFAP is found to be overexpressed and differentially phosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease, especially in patients with specific genotype. Knockdown of kinases involved in GFAP phosphorylation can reduce amyloid accumulation and associated behavioral traits. A small molecule compound, MSR1, has been identified to bind specifically to GFAP and may have therapeutic potential in treating AD.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claus V. B. Hviid, Michael E. Benros, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Silje H. Christensen
Summary: This study found that serum GFAP/NfL levels in patients with unipolar depression were lower compared to healthy controls, while NfL levels increased during the follow-up period. Although no consistent associations were found between GFAP/NfL and depression severity or cognitive function, the study may support the presence of glial dysfunction but limited neuron damage in depression.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Silje Hovden Christensen, Claus Vinter Bodker Hviid, Anne Tranberg Madsen, Tina Parkner, Anne Winther-Larsen
Summary: Serum GFAP exhibits relatively low within-subject variation but considerable between-subject variation, and shows marked semidiurnal variation. Therefore, caution should be exercised in blood sampling and interpreting GFAP, especially in conditions where only small GFAP differences are observed.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Huajing You, Tengteng Wu, Gang Du, Yue Huang, Yixuan Zeng, Lishan Lin, Dingbang Chen, Chao Wu, Xunhua Li, Jean-marc Burgunder, Zhong Pei
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of blood GFAP in evaluating the clinical severity of HD. The concentrations of plasma NfL and GFAP were analyzed and compared with clinical severity assessments, suggesting that GFAP may be a sensitive biomarker for evaluating HD progression.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Amelie Darlix, Christophe Hirtz, Caroline Mollevi, Nelly Ginestet, Laurent Tiers, William Jacot, Sylvain Lehmann
Summary: In patients with metastatic breast cancer, elevated serum levels of GFAP are independently associated with the presence of brain metastases and poor outcomes, outperforming other biomarkers such as NfL, UCHL1, and tau. These findings suggest that GFAP may serve as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic factor for brain metastases in this patient population, although further validation in independent cohorts is necessary.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhengshi Yang, Karthik Sreenivasan, Erin N. Toledano Strom, Amanda M. Leisgang Osse, Lorenzo Gabriel Pasia, Celica Glenn Cosme, Maya Rae N. Mugosa, Emma Lea Chevalier, Aaron Ritter, Justin B. Miller, Dietmar Cordes, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Jefferson W. Kinney
Summary: Our study found that GFAP has potential clinical utility in screening amyloid pathology and predicting future cognitive decline. GFAP, NfL, and ptau-181 were moderately associated with each other, with discrepant relevance to age, sex, and AD genetic risk, suggesting their relevant but differential roles for AD assessment. The combination of GFAP with ptau-181 provides an accurate model to predict brain amyloid status, with the superior performance of GFAP over ptau-181 when the prediction is limited to cognitively impaired participants.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Amy M. L. Quek, David Tang, Amanda Chin, Kay W. P. Ng, Hazel Lin, Raymond C. S. Seet
Summary: This article describes three cases initially diagnosed with tuberculous meningoencephalitis but later found to have autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy, emphasizing the overlapping clinical features and challenges in early diagnosis. The importance of early evaluation and treatment of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy is highlighted.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
