Journal
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Volume 29, Issue -, Pages 238-247Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.033
Keywords
Hydroxytyrosol; Metabolites; Inflammation; Endothelial cells; Human; Mice
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Funding
- Junta de Andalucia, Spain [P09-CVI-5007]
- MICINN [BES-2012-056104]
- European Social Fund (ESF, Belgium) from the Spanish MINECO [JCI-2012-13084]
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC)/JAEdoc Program [JAEDCO089]
- V Own Research Plan (University of Seville)
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The effects of chemically synthesized metabolites (sulfate and glucuronate forms) from hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) on oxidative stress and inflammation were investigated in TNF-alpha-activated human endothelial cells. HTyr sulfate metabolites decreased reactive oxygen species and prevented the decrease in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 levels. HTyr and all tested HTyr metabolites (HTyr sulfate > HTyr glucuronate > HTyr) suppressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B proteins, the gene expression of intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules, E-selectin, chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2, and prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 and the adhesion of human monocytes. In addition, HTyr sulfate metabolites suppressed plantar and ear swelling and myeloperoxidase activity in inflamed ear tissue in mice treated with carrageenan or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. This study demonstrates the antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties of HTyr metabolites in TNF-alpha-activated hECs and in the prevention of acute and chronic inflammation in mice. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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