Journal
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
Volume 228, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER INT PUBL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3404-7
Keywords
Rana catesbeiana; Antioxidant enzymes; Body condition indices; Lipid peroxidation; Plasma markers; Quinclorac
Funding
- Graduate Program in Zoology
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [307303/20128]
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This study sought to analyze the effects of the herbicide quinclorac on body condition indices; plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose, and uric acid; activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST); and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and caudal muscle of American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. After a 7-day acclimation period, animals were exposed to four concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mu g/L) of herbicide for a further 7 days. Then, blood samples were obtained, animals were euthanized, and the liver and caudal muscle resected. Levels of corticosterone and uric acid were reduced in tadpoles exposed to the highest concentration of herbicide, and this reduction was preceded by an increase in glucose levels. In the liver tissue, LPO was increased after exposure to 0.1 mu g/ L quinclorac, followed by a return to baseline values in the remaining concentrations; this response was accompanied by an increase in SOD and GST and reduction of tissue protein levels. At the highest concentration, a reduction in activity of all enzymes was observed, with protein returning to control-like levels. In muscle, SOD and GST levels declined with exposures up to 0.1 mu g/ L and 0.4 mu g/L, respectively, whereas LPO decreased in animals exposed to 0.1 mu g/L. These results suggest participation of nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses, as demonstrated by the reduction in uric acid levels. Exposure to the range of quinclorac concentrations used in this study slowed body mass and length gain, reduced corticosterone levels, and modulated antioxidant defenses.
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