Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Surendra Kumar Kolli, Ahmed M. Salman, Jai Ramesar, Severine Chevalley-Maurel, Hans Kroeze, Fiona G. A. Geurten, Shinya Miyazaki, Ekta Mukhopadhyay, Catherin Marin-Mogollon, Blandine Franke-Fayard, Adrian V. S. Hill, Chris J. Janse
Summary: This study selected fourteen Plasmodium falciparum proteins as vaccine candidate antigens, and evaluated their immunogenicity in mice through chimeric P. berghei sporozoites. It was found that eight of these proteins had a negative impact on sporozoite infectivity, and only the SPELD protein showed partial protective immunogenicity in immunized mice.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shen Wang, Bo Liang, Weiqi Wang, Ling Li, Na Feng, Yongkun Zhao, Tiecheng Wang, Feihu Yan, Songtao Yang, Xianzhu Xia
Summary: Human diseases, especially infectious diseases and cancers, are posing unprecedented challenges to public health security and the global economy. Viral vector vaccines are prioritized as effective countermeasures against these diseases and are considered one of the best strategies for inducing robust immune responses.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sushmita Kumari, Jayeshbhai Chaudhari, Qinfeng Huang, Phillip Gauger, Marcelo Nunes De Almeida, Yuying Liang, Hinh Ly, Hiep L. X. Vu
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using rPICV as a viral vector to deliver HA antigen and protect pigs against IAV-S challenge. The results demonstrated that the rPICV-H3 vectored vaccine elicited protective immunity against IAV-S.
Review
Virology
Aiquan Chang, Jingyou Yu
Summary: The article reviews the immune responses induced by viral vectored vaccines, including humoral, cellular, and innate immunity, as well as the protection against COVID-19 in preclinical and clinical studies. It discusses the durability and breadth of immune response induced by VVVs and boosters, along with challenges associated with VVVs and solutions to overcome certain limitations of current vaccine regimens. Overall, the review provides the rationale for expanding the portfolio of VVVs against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Blaise Genton
Summary: A potential breakthrough in the fight against malaria is the availability of the R21/Matrix-M (TM) malaria vaccine, which has shown an efficacy of 75% in protecting young children from clinical malaria in various epidemiological settings. WHO recommends deploying this vaccine in addition to other effective interventions such as RTS,S/ASO1.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Julia A. Misplon, Chia-Yun Lo, Torrie A. Crabbs, Graeme E. Price, Suzanne L. Epstein
Summary: This study demonstrates that vaccines inducing potent local immunity in the respiratory tract can provide protection for the lungs against infection without causing inflammatory responses or tissue damage.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young Chan Kim, Arlen-Celina Luecke, Cesar Lopez-Camacho, Beate Mareike Kuemmerer, Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
Summary: Mayaro virus is an emerging virus causing acute febrile illness and chronic polyarthralgia. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine available. A study showed that adenovirus and Modified Ankara Virus-based Mayaro vaccines can induce high levels of antibodies, and MVA virus can be used as an effective booster strategy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Alexandria Dickson, Elizabeth Geerling, E. Taylor Stone, Mariah Hassert, Tara L. Steffen, Taneesh Makkena, Madeleine Smither, Katherine E. Schwetye, Jianfeng Zhang, Bertrand Georges, M. Scot Roberts, John J. Suschak, Amelia K. Pinto, James D. Brien
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of intranasal vaccination in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. Mice vaccinated intranasally with a viral vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 RBD showed improved immune responses and better protection against viral transmission compared to intramuscular vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of considering the route of administration for COVID-19 vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Mangalakumari Jeyanathan, Sam Afkhami, Alisha Kang, Zhou Xing
Summary: The optimal vaccination strategies for pandemic respiratory viruses must consider vaccine platform, delivery route, and regimens. Developing vaccines for respiratory infections has been challenging, as systemically administered vaccines fail to induce respiratory mucosal immunity. However, studies have shown that respiratory mucosal vaccination is superior to parenteral vaccination in inducing respiratory mucosal immunity. Recent advancements in developing respiratory mucosal vaccines for pathogens such as M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2, including inhaled aerosol delivery of adenoviral-vectored vaccines, have shown significant promise.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Fengling Feng, Haibin Hao, Jin Zhao, Yanjun Li, Ying Zhang, Ruiting Li, Ziyu Wen, Chunxiu Wu, Minchao Li, Pingchao Li, Ling Chen, Ruikang Tang, Xiaoyu Wang, Caijun Sun
Summary: Chemical engineering modification of single live viral-based vaccine effectively modulates vaccine-induced immunity, enhancing muco-adhesion to nasal tissues and prolonging resident time on mucosal surface, leading to robust mucosal IgA production and T cell immunity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Blair A. Morgan, Elina Niinivaara, Zhou Xing, Michael R. Thompson, Emily D. Cranston
Summary: The development of thermally stable spray dried viral-vectored vaccine powders relies on proper excipient selection, which can be time-consuming. A diffusion-based droplet drying model was developed to compute drying time, size, and component distribution, aiding in identifying promising excipients without the need for experimentation. Virus activity data compared to model outputs showed a decrease in viral activity with increasing virus concentrations near the air-solid interface.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Jorge Huete-Carrasco, Ed C. Lavelle
Summary: A polymeric nanoparticle adjuvant with a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist shows a wide range of protection against viral challenges.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Busen Wang, Jinghan Xu, Shipo Wu, Zhe Zhang, Zhenghao Zhao, Jun Zhang, Ling Fu, Xiaodong Zai, Yudong Wang, Guanying Zhang, ZhengShan Chen, Yi Chen, Hancong Sun, Xiaohong Song, Jinlong Zhang, Lianhui Zhu, Lihua Hou, Wei Chen
Summary: This study established a series of Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines and analyzed the antibody immune responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) using single-dose and prime-boost vaccination strategies. The results showed that single-dose vaccination tended to elicit optimal neutralizing effects, while prime-boost vaccination further strengthened and broadened the neutralizing antibody responses against highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Nungruthai Suntronwong, Harit Phowatthanasathian, Suvichada Assawakosri, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Thanunrat Thongmee, Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana, Chompoonut Auphimai, Lakkhana Wongsrisang, Donchida Srimuan, Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn, Sirapa Klinfueng, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: The immune response after the AZD1222 booster in individuals who received the two-dose CoronaVac vaccine was found to be limited, with lower neutralizing activity against the wild type and variants. However, the AZD1222 booster significantly enhanced the immune response, resulting in higher antibody levels and neutralizing activity.
Article
Immunology
C. Green, J. McGinley, C. Sande, S. Capone, S. Makvandi-Nejad, A. Vitelli, L. Silva-Reyes, S. Bibi, C. Otasowie, D. Sheerin, A. Thompson, C. Dold, P. Klenerman, E. Barnes, L. Dorrell, C. Rollier, A. Pollard, D. O'Connor
Summary: In this immunological study, cohorts of healthy younger and older adults were immunized with an adenovirus-vectored RSV vaccine either intramuscularly or intranasally. Differential gene expression was observed in blood samples after intramuscular prime vaccination, but not after intranasal prime vaccination. Intranasally primed participants showed more gene expression changes upon boosting. The gene expression changes mainly involved immune-related biological processes.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jordan R. Barrett, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Christina Dold, Katie J. Ewer, Pedro M. Folegatti, Ciaran Gilbride, Rachel Halkerston, Jennifer Hill, Daniel Jenkin, Lisa Stockdale, Marije K. Verheul, Parvinder K. Aley, Brian Angus, Duncan Bellamy, Eleanor Berrie, Sagida Bibi, Mustapha Bittaye, Miles W. Carroll, Breeze Cavell, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Nick Edwards, Amy Flaxman, Michelle Fuskova, Andrew Gorringe, Bassam Hallis, Simon Kerridge, Alison M. Lawrie, Aline Linder, Xinxue Liu, Meera Madhavan, Rebecca Makinson, Jack Mellors, Angela Minassian, Maria Moore, Yama Mujadidi, Emma Plested, Ian Poulton, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Hannah Robinson, Christine S. Rollier, Rinn Song, Matthew D. Snape, Richard Tarrant, Stephen Taylor, Kelly M. Thomas, Merryn Voysey, Marion E. E. Watson, Daniel Wright, Alexander D. Douglas, Catherine M. Green, Adrian V. S. Hill, Teresa Lambe, Sarah Gilbert, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The study demonstrates that a booster dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is safer and better tolerated than priming doses. The booster dose significantly enhances anti-spike neutralizing antibody titers and other functional antibody responses. These data support the two-dose vaccine regime currently being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Merryn Voysey, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Shabir A. Madhi, Lily Y. Weckx, Pedro M. Folegatti, Parvinder K. Aley, Brian Angus, Vicky L. Baillie, Shaun L. Barnabas, Qasim E. Bhorat, Sagida Bibi, Carmen Briner, Paola Cicconi, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Andrea M. Collins, Clare L. Cutland, Thomas C. Darton, Keertan Dheda, Christina Dold, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Katherine R. W. Emary, Katie J. Ewer, Amy Flaxman, Lee Fairlie, Saul N. Faust, Shuo Feng, Daniela M. Ferreira, Adam Finn, Eva Galiza, Anna L. Goodman, Catherine M. Green, Christopher A. Green, Melanie Greenland, Catherine Hill, Helen C. Hill, Ian Hirsch, Alane Izu, Daniel Jenkin, Carina C. D. Joe, Simon Kerridge, Anthonet Koen, Gaurav Kwatra, Rajeka Lazarus, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J. Lillie, Natalie G. Marchevsky, Richard P. Marshall, Ana V. A. Mendes, Eveline P. Milan, Angela M. Minassian, Alastair McGregor, Yama F. Mujadidi, Anusha Nana, Sherman D. Padayachee, Daniel J. Phillips, Ana Pittella, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Adam J. Ritchie, Hannah Robinson, Alexandre V. Schwarzbold, Andrew Smith, Rinn Song, Matthew D. Snape, Eduardo Sprinz, Rebecca K. Sutherland, Emma C. Thomson, M. Estee Torok, Mark Toshner, David P. J. Turner, Johan Vekemans, Tonya L. Villafana, Thomas White, Christopher J. Williams, Alexander D. Douglas, Adrian V. S. Hill, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C. Gilbert, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: The AZD1222 vaccine has been approved for emergency use in the UK with an interval of 4-12 weeks between doses. Analysis shows that the vaccine is efficacious with two doses and provides immunoprotection after the first dose before the second dose is administered.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. R. W. Tipton, Y. Hall, J. A. Bore, A. White, L. S. Sibley, C. Sarfas, Y. Yuki, M. Martin, S. Longet, J. Mellors, K. Ewer, S. Guenther, M. Carrington, M. K. Konde, M. W. Carroll
Summary: This study identified and described T cell epitopes in survivors, showing T cell responses to the EBOV glycoprotein. The research revealed potential epitopes able to elicit a T cell response and demonstrate important immunodominant properties in EBOV survivors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mehreen S. Datoo, Magloire H. Natama, Athanase Some, Ousmane Traore, Toussaint Rouamba, Duncan Bellamy, Prisca Yameogo, Daniel Valia, Moubarak Tegneri, Florence Ouedraogo, Rachidatou Soma, Seydou Sawadogo, Faizatou Sorgho, Karim Derra, Eli Rouamba, Benedict Orindi, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Amy Flaxman, Federica Cappuccini, Reshma Kailath, Sean Elias, Ekta Mukhopadhyay, Andres Noe, Matthew Cairns, Alison Lawrie, Rachel Roberts, Innocent Valea, Hermann Sorgho, Nicola Williams, Gregory Glenn, Louis Fries, Jenny Reimer, Katie J. Ewer, Umesh Shaligram, Adrian V. S. Hill, Halidou Tinto
Summary: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a new candidate vaccine, R21/MM, in African children aged 5-17 months. The results showed that R21/MM vaccine had a favorable safety profile, high immunogenicity, and promising high-level efficacy in African children.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amy Flaxman, Natalie G. Marchevsky, Daniel Jenkin, Jeremy Aboagye, Parvinder K. Aley, Brian Angus, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sagida Bibi, Mustapha Bittaye, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cicconi, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Sophie Davies, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Christina Dold, Katie J. Ewer, Pedro M. Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Adrian V. S. Hill, Simon Kerridge, Angela M. Minassian, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Yama F. Mujadidi, Emma Plested, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Hannah Robinson, Helen Sanders, Emma Sheehan, Holly Smith, Matthew D. Snape, Rinn Song, Danielle Woods, Gavin Screaton, Sarah C. Gilbert, Merryn Voysey, Andrew J. Pollard, Teresa Lambe
Summary: The study shows that an extended interval before the second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine leads to increased antibody titres, while a third dose significantly boosts antibody levels and enhances T-cell responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa, Sophie Uyoga, John N. Gitonga, Daisy Mugo, Mark Otiende, James Nyagwange, Henry K. Karanja, James Tuju, Perpetual Wanjiku, Rashid Aman, Mercy Mwangangi, Patrick Amoth, Kadondi Kasera, Wangari Ng'ang'a, Charles Rombo, Christine Yegon, Khamisi Kithi, Elizabeth Odhiambo, Thomas Rotich, Irene Orgut, Sammy Kihara, Christian Bottomley, Eunice W. Kagucia, Katherine E. Gallagher, Anthony Etyang, Shirine Voller, Teresa Lambe, Daniel Wright, Edwine Barasa, Benjamin Tsofa, Philip Bejon, Lynette Ochola-Oyier, Ambrose Agweyu, J. Anthony G. Scott, George M. Warimwe
Summary: A study conducted in Kenya found that while the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors was relatively low, there was evidence of widespread transmission with low associated mortality. This suggests that although many individuals in Kenya remained susceptible to COVID-19, the virus had already spread widely throughout the country.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Teresa Lambe, Alexandra J. Spencer, Kelly M. Thomas, Karen E. Gooch, Stephen Thomas, Andrew D. White, Holly E. Humphries, Daniel Wright, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Nazia Thakur, Carina Conceicao, Robert Watson, Leonie Alden, Lauren Allen, Marilyn Aram, Kevin R. Bewley, Emily Brunt, Phillip Brown, Breeze E. Cavell, Rebecca Cobb, Susan A. Fotheringham, Ciaran Gilbride, Debbie J. Harris, Catherine M. K. Ho, Laura Hunter, Chelsea L. Kennard, Stephanie Leung, Vanessa Lucas, Didier Ngabo, Kathryn A. Ryan, Hannah Sharpe, Charlotte Sarfas, Laura Sibley, Gillian S. Slack, Marta Ulaszewska, Nadina Wand, Nathan R. Wiblin, Fergus V. Gleeson, Dalan Bailey, Sally Sharpe, Sue Charlton, Francisco J. Salguero, Miles W. Carroll, Sarah C. Gilbert
Summary: Researchers conducted detailed immune profiling of rhesus macaques and ferrets vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against SARS-CoV-2 under high dose challenge. Their findings suggest that the vaccine induces immune responses and reduces disease symptoms in both models, including SARS-CoV-2 mediated pneumonia and virus shedding.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Julia Bitencourt, Marco Polo Peralta-Alvarez, Morven Wilkie, Ashley Jacobs, Daniel Wright, Salem Salman Almujri, Shuailin Li, Stephanie A. Harris, Steven G. Smith, Sean C. Elias, Andrew D. White, Iman Satti, Sally S. Sharpe, Matthew K. O'Shea, Helen McShane, Rachel Tanner
Summary: Tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide, and the currently-licensed BCG vaccine is not effective enough. Research has shown that the BCG vaccine can induce specific antibodies, which play a crucial role in cellular defense. These findings suggest that the humoral immune response should be further investigated in TB vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andres Noe, Mehreen S. Datoo, Amy Flaxman, Mohammad Ali Husainy, Daniel Jenkin, Duncan Bellamy, Rebecca A. Makinson, Richard Morter, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Jonathan Sheridan, Dimitrios Voukantsis, Naveen Prasad, Adrian V. S. Hill, Katie J. Ewer, Alexandra J. Spencer
Summary: This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics and potential of liver CD8+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells for protection against liver-stage malaria. It also suggests the possibility of using TRM-like cells as a correlate of protection in malaria vaccine trials. The findings contribute to the development and evaluation of liver-stage malaria vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ane Ogbe, Matthew Pace, Mustapha Bittaye, Timothy Tipoe, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Parvinder K. Aley, M. Azim Ansari, Anna Bara, Samantha Broadhead, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cinardo, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Katie J. Ewer, Henry Fok, Pedro M. Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Leila Godfrey, Anna L. Goodman, Bethany Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Mathew Jones, Stephanie Longet, Rebecca A. Makinson, Natalie G. Marchevsky, Moncy Mathew, Andrea Mazzella, Yama F. Mujadidi, Lucia Parolini, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Helen Sanders, Sonia Serrano, Tom Tipton, Anele Waters, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Gavin R. Screaton, Alan Winston, Adrian V. S. Hill, Sarah C. Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J. Pollard, Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Teresa Lambe, John Frater
Summary: The duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in people living with HIV (PWH) is unclear. A substudy of the COV002 trial was conducted on 54 HIV-positive male participants who received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). The study showed that immune responses were greater than baseline but declined after 6 months. However, there was no significant difference compared with HIV-uninfected individuals who received the same vaccine. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable but lower. Cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were associated with stronger post-vaccine immunity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hannah R. Sharpe, Nicholas M. Provine, Georgina S. Bowyer, Pedro Moreira Folegatti, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Amy Flaxman, Rebecca Makinson, Adrian Vs Hill, Katie J. Ewer, Andrew J. Pollard, Paul Klenerman, Sarah Gilbert, Teresa Lambe
Summary: This study found that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection does not affect antigen-specific T cell interferon-gamma secretion or antibody IgG production after vaccination, which has important implications for the widespread use of this vaccine, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with high CMV seroprevalence.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammad Bosaeed, Hanan H. Balkhy, Sultan Almaziad, Haya A. Aljami, Hind Alhatmi, Hala Alanazi, Mashael Alahmadi, Ayah Jawhary, Mohammed W. Alenazi, Abdulrahman Almasoud, Rawan Alanazi, Mustapha Bittaye, Jeremy Aboagye, Nahla Albaalharith, Sarah Batawi, Pedro Folegatti, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Katie Ewer, Khalid Almoaikel, Majed Aljeraisy, Adel Alothman, Sarah C. Gilbert, Naif Khalaf Alharbi
Summary: A phase 1b trial of the ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine in healthy Middle Eastern adults showed that the vaccine was well tolerated and induced antibody and T cell immune responses.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Shuang A. Guo, Georgina S. Bowyer, John R. Ferdinand, Mailis Maes, Zewen K. Tuong, Eleanor Gillman, Mingfeng Liao, Rik G. H. Lindeboom, Masahiro Yoshida, Kaylee Worlock, Hudaa Gopee, Emily Stephenson, Catherine A. Gao, Paul A. Lyons, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Muzlifah Haniffa, Kerstin B. Meyer, Marko Z. Nikolic, Zheng Zhang, Richard G. Wunderink, Alexander Misharin, Gordon Dougan, Vilas Navapurkar, Sarah A. Teichmann, Andrew Conway Morris, Menna R. Clatworthy
Summary: Obesity has a negative impact on respiratory tract immunity in both adult and pediatric COVID-19 patients, leading to suppressed immune cell responses. Obese individuals show decreased expression of interferon and tumor necrosis factor in lung epithelial and immune cells. These findings have important implications for treatment strategies and recommend the specific application of recombinant interferons in obese patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alyssa Silva-Cayetano, William S. Foster, Silvia Innocentin, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Alexandra J. Spencer, Oliver T. Burton, Sigrid Fra-Bido, Jia Le Lee, Nazia Thakur, Carina Conceicao, Daniel Wright, Jordan Barrett, Nicola Evans-Bailey, Carly Noble, Dalan Bailey, Adrian Liston, Sarah C. Gilbert, Teresa Lambe, Michelle A. Linterman
Summary: This study demonstrates that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine induces both cellular and humoral immunity in adult and aged mice, and suggests that a prime-boost strategy enhances immunogenicity in older individuals.