Article
Immunology
Hyeontaek Hwang, Hyungseok Kang, Yong-Soo Kwon, Doosoo Jeon, Tae Sun Shim, Jae-Joon Yim
Summary: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea assessed and compared the final treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis who received bedaquiline or delamanid. The study found that the initial choice of bedaquiline or delamanid did not significantly impact the final treatment outcome or the frequencies of adverse events among patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Abdulkerim Badgeba, Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Biruk Bogale, Menur Berhanu, Hanan Abdulkadir
Summary: This study aimed to assess the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in southern Ethiopia. The results showed that determinants of MDR-TB included TB patients facing social stigma, living in one- and two-roomed houses, having a previous history of TB treatment, having low baseline body mass index (BMI), and having pulmonary TB. These findings have important implications for TB control programs and patient management.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Dumitru Chesov, Jan Heyckendorf, Sofia Alexandru, Ana Donica, Elena Chesov, Maja Reimann, Valeriu Crudu, Victor Botnaru, Christoph Lange
Summary: Evaluation of bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens for pulmonary MDR-TB in Moldova showed higher sputum culture conversion rate, cure rate, and lower mortality rate compared to regimens without bedaquiline. Patients who previously failed on MDR-TB treatment also benefited from bedaquiline-containing regimens, with over 40% achieving a cure.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mistire Wolde, Mistire Wolde, Abebe Edao Negesso, Habteyes Hailu Tola, Million Molla Sisay
Summary: This study aimed to assess thyroid profiles and risk factors among MDR-TB patients during treatment. Results showed that hypothyroidism is common among MDR-TB patients, with co-morbidity, being underweight, and prothionamide use being associated factors. Monitoring of thyroid function test and attention to factors associated with hypothyroidism are needed during MDR-TB treatment to prevent complications.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Scott K. Heysell, Stellah G. Mpagama, Oleg B. Ogarkov, Mark Conaway, Shahriar Ahmed, Svetlana Zhdanova, Suporn Pholwat, Mohammad H. Alshaer, Anna M. Chongolo, Buliga Mujaga, Margaretha Sariko, Sabrina Saba, S. M. Mazidur Rahman, Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Alexey Suzdalnitsky, Elena Moiseeva, Elena Zorkaltseva, Mikhail Koshcheyev, Serhiy Vitko, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Gibson S. Kibiki, Jotam G. Pasipanodya, Charles A. Peloquin, Sayera Banu, Eric R. Houpt
Summary: In a multicountry, prospective cohort, serum pharmacokinetics and Mycobacterium tuberculosis minimum inhibitory concentrations were variable, yet certain drugs' parameters were predictive of clinical outcome for rifampin-resistant/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laura Rosu, Lucy Morgan, Ewan M. Tomeny, Claire Worthington, Mengdi Jin, Jasper Nidoi, David Worthington
Summary: The study found that patient-centred and hybrid approaches for delivering MDR-TB treatment in Ethiopia are cost-effective compared to the standard-of-care, providing critical evidence for their implementation in routine care.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengistu Wakjira, Peter Sandy, A. H. Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Summary: This study explored the patients' perception and satisfaction with the quality of care for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Ethiopia. The majority of patients were satisfied with the communication and clinical care at hospitals, but were dissatisfied with the lack of dedicated doctors for MDR-TB and poor communication and care at treatment follow-up centers. Socio-economic challenges, inadequate support, and lack of integrated care for MDR-TB and HIV/AIDS were found to negatively affect patients' perception and satisfaction with care.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
K. A. Alene, A. Jegnie, A. A. Adane
Summary: The study found that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may increase the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, including maternal death, pregnancy loss, preterm birth, and low birthweight. However, more adequately powered prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengistu K. Wakjira, Peter T. Sandy, A. H. Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Summary: This study investigated the determinants of treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. The results showed that patients with low body mass index and comorbidities had a higher risk of death.
Article
Microbiology
Martha L. van der Walt, Karen Shean, Piet Becker, Karen H. Keddy, Joey Lancaster
Summary: The study compared treatment outcomes among MDR-TB patients receiving ethambutol, cycloserine, or terizidone as part of a standardized regimen. Results showed higher success rates and lower default rates in patients receiving cycloserine and terizidone, but higher culture conversion rates in those receiving cycloserine. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the differences observed between cycloserine and terizidone.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rashidatu Fouad Kamara, Matthew J. Saunders, Foday Sahr, Juan E. Losa-Garcia, Lynda Foray, Geraint Davies, Tom Wingfield
Summary: This study evaluated the treatment outcomes and factors associated with adverse outcomes in people with MDR-TB in Sierra Leone. The findings suggest the need for integrated services for tuberculosis, HIV, and non-communicable diseases, as well as nutritional and socioeconomic support for people with MDR-TB. Furthermore, expanding the coverage of all-oral aminoglycoside-sparing regimens is urgently needed.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Getu Diriba, Ayinalem Alemu, Bazezew Yenew, Habteyes Hailu Tola, Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa, Hilina Mollalign, Kirubel Eshetu, Shewki Moga, Saro Abdella, Getachew Tollera, Abebaw Kebede, Mesay Hailu Dangisso
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) in patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). A total of 64 studies involving 12,711 patients from 22 countries were included. The pooled proportion of pre-XDR-TB was 26%, while XDR-TB in MDR-TB cases was 9%. These findings highlight the substantial burden of pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB in MDR-TB patients, emphasizing the importance of strengthening TB programs and drug resistance surveillance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammed Hasen Bedaso, Falaho Sani Kalil
Summary: The study aimed to describe the magnitude, trends, and geographical distribution of drug-resistant TB in Bale Zone during the study period. Findings showed a decrease in the prevalence of drug-resistant TB, with RR TB being the most prevalent type among cases during the study period.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Guisheng Xu, Xiaojiang Hu, Yanshu Lian, Xiuting Li
Summary: Both tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus are major public health problems that pose a threat to global health. The presence of diabetes in tuberculosis patients leads to a higher bacterial burden and affects the absorption and metabolism of anti-tuberculosis drugs, making TB control more difficult.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Francesco Pecora, Giulia Dal Canto, Piero Veronese, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This article discusses the current knowledge of managing MDR-TB and XDR-TB in children, focusing on two promising new drugs: bedaquiline and delamanid. While data on these new anti-TB drugs in pediatric populations are limited, they appear to have good tolerability and efficacy in children with MDR-TB/XDR-TB. More evidence is needed to guide their use in designing effective shorter regimens and reducing adverse effects, drug interactions, and therapeutic failure.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kendalem Asmare Atalell, Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew, Kefyalew Addis Alene
Summary: This study investigated the spatial distributions of rotavirus immunization coverage in Ethiopia, finding that the national coverage was 52.3% with significant regional variations. Low immunization coverage was observed in the Eastern, Southeastern, and Northeastern parts of the country. The study also identified geographic and healthcare access factors such as altitude, distance to health facilities, and travel time to the nearest cities as associated with the spatial clustering of rotavirus immunization coverage. These findings highlight the need to strengthen the immunization program and implement outreach services in areas with low coverage.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Fasil Wagnew, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Matthew Kelly, Darren Gray
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of undernutrition on sputum culture conversion and treatment outcomes among people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The results showed that undernutrition was significantly associated with a longer time to sputum culture conversion, higher mortality rate, and unsuccessful treatment outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J'Belle Foster, Diana Mendez, Ben J. Marais, Dunstan Peniyamina, Emma S. McBryde
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients in the Torres Strait region and identified variables associated with unfavorable outcomes. The study also found that DR-TB treatment outcomes have improved over time.
Review
Virology
Samson T. Ogunlade, Michael T. Meehan, Adeshina I. Adekunle, Emma S. McBryde
Summary: A systematic review is conducted to explore the present understanding of the effectiveness of vector control approaches via dengue transmission models.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samson T. Ogunlade, Adeshina Adekunle, Emma S. McBryde, Michael T. Meehan
Summary: This article investigates the impact of introducing different strains of Wolbachia bacteria on mosquito prevalence in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The results show that releasing mosquitoes with two different strains of Wolbachia did not increase their prevalence, but only delayed the dominance of Wolbachia.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Beth Gilmour, Kefyalew A. Alene, Kendalem A. Atalell, Archie C. A. Clements
Summary: A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection in minority indigenous populations in the SEAR and WPR regions. The study found a high prevalence of HIV in high-risk subpopulations and a lack of data for many countries, with China contributing the majority of comparative studies. The study also showed a significant difference in HIV prevalence between minority indigenous populations and other populations in the WPR region.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kefyalew Addis Alene, Andre Python, Daniel J. Weiss, Ahmed Elagali, Zeleke Alebachew Wagaw, Andargachew Kumsa, Peter W. Gething, Archie C. A. Clements
Summary: By predicting and identifying drivers of tuberculosis (TB) prevalence, we have filled the knowledge gap of scarce data in Ethiopia. The results demonstrate substantial variations in TB prevalence at national, sub-national, and local levels, which are positively associated with population density. These findings suggest that targeted interventions in high-risk areas can reduce the burden of TB in Ethiopia, and further data collection is needed to infer TB prevalence in areas lacking data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Desalegne Amare, Fentie Ambaw Getahun, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Getenet Dessie, Melashu Balew Shiferaw, Tegenaw Asemamaw Dires, Kefyalew Addis Alene
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis found that training for health professionals and volunteers can significantly increase TB case detection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Archie C. A. Clements, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Kefyalew Addis Alene
Summary: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to quantify the global burden and types of long-term physical sequelae and financial burden associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). The study will search for studies that report physical and financial sequelae associated with MDR-TB or XDR-TB and conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of each physical sequela.
Article
Ophthalmology
Ngozika Ezinne, Haile W. Alemu, Tarekegn Cheklie, Kingsley Ekemiri, Ryan Mohammed, Sakeem James
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease and its associated factors among university students in Trinidad and Tobago during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that prolonged exposure to digital displays during online learning led to a high prevalence of dry eye disease, with 84.3% of students affected. Factors associated with symptomatic dry eye disease included lack of education about dry eye, use of the reading mode of computers, refractive error, previous systemic medications, and average hours of visual display unit use per day.
CLINICAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Archie C. A. Clements, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Kefyalew Addis Alene
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence and types of long-term physical sequelae among patients treated for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). The findings revealed common physical sequelae including respiratory, hearing, musculoskeletal, neurological, renal, hepatic, and visual sequelae among survivors of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. These results emphasize the importance of surveillance for adverse outcomes and early detection and prevention of post-treatment sequelae in the management of MDR-TB.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Digsu N. Koye, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Yibeltal Assefa, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Henok Getachew Tegegn, Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema, Berihun Megabiaw Zeleke, Yohannes Adama Melaku
Summary: By integrating major lifestyle risk factors, this study found a higher prevalence of concurrent unhealthy lifestyles among Ethiopian adolescents and adults. Socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, residence, income, and education were correlated with these unhealthy behaviors. Tailored interventions are crucial for mitigating the burden of unhealthy lifestyles in Ethiopia.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dereje Bekele, Solomon Aragie, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Tariku Dejene, Samson Warkaye, Melat Mezemir, Dereje Abdena, Tesfaye Kebebew, Abera Botore, Geremew Mekonen, Gadissa Gutema, Boja Dufera, Kolato Gemede, Birhanu Kenate, Dabesa Gobena, Bizuneh Alemu, Dagnachew Hailemariam, Daba Muleta, Gilman Kit Hang Siu, Ketema Tafess
Summary: This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) and identify its risk factors in Ethiopia's Oromia region. The findings revealed high TB case notification rates in hotspot areas, which were positively associated with temperature, wind speed, health service coverage, and population density. These results suggest that preventive measures should be targeted to high-risk areas to effectively control TB, and further research is needed to develop strategies for reducing the burden of TB in hotspot areas.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
J. M. Basseal, C. M. Bennett, P. Collignon, B. J. Currie, D. N. Durrheim, J. Leask, E. S. McBryde, P. McIntyre, F. M. Russell, D. W. Smith, T. C. Sorrell, B. J. Marais
Summary: Australia avoided the worst effects of COVID-19 pandemic, but still faced negative impacts. Lessons from Australia's public health response include the effectiveness of movement restrictions with careful consideration of adverse impacts, the value of disease modeling while acknowledging its limitations, the need for timely national data for reassessment of surveillance structures, the utility of advanced pathogen genomics and novel vaccine technology, the importance of evidence-informed and consultative decisionmaking, addressing major weaknesses in the aged-care sector, adequate infection prevention and control frameworks, prioritizing the interests of young people, recognizing epidemics as a standing threat, and fostering regional and global solidarity.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Tsheten Tsheten, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Angela Cadavid Restrepo, Matthew Kelly, Colleen Lau, Archie C. A. Clements, Darren J. Gray, Chona Daga, Vanessa Joy Mapalo, Fe Esperanza Espino, Kinley Wangdi
Summary: The study in the Philippines identified sociodemographic and environmental factors driving soil-transmitted helminth (STH) transmission, predicting high-risk areas in the country. Higher prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was found in Visayas Island, while hookworm prevalence was highest in Mindanao Island. Male gender, temperature, and rainfall were associated with increased STH risk, while normalized difference vegetation index and soil pH were negatively correlated with transmission. The identified high-risk areas can be targeted for deworming and health education activities to reduce the burden of STH infections.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2024)
