Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. Koricherla, T. B. Torgerson, S. A. Alidokht, V. N. V. Munagala, R. R. Chromik, T. W. Scharf
Summary: Ti and Ti-based alloys are commonly used in aerospace and automotive components, but face challenges in wear resistance at elevated temperatures. The study found that Ti-xTiC composite coatings exhibit improved friction and wear performance compared to baseline Ti coatings, with Ti-35%TiC showing the best overall performance at 575 degrees C. The tribological behavior was attributed to the formation of stable oxide layers on the wear surfaces containing TiO2, WO3, and CoWO4.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongjie Wang, Zhenying Huang, Xue Li, Qun Yu, Wenqiang Hu, Weici Zhuang, Youbo Wu, Yang Zhou
Summary: In this study, Cr2AlC was used as the precursor for TiC/Ti composite, and the formation mechanism of TiC/α+β-Ti in the sintering process was discussed. By controlling the amount of Cr2AlC added, the microstructure of the composite could be regulated. The resulting composite with 10 vol% Cr2AlC exhibited the optimal strength with good load transfer at the TiC/α-Ti interface and CTE mismatch strengthening at the TiC/β-Ti interface.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sima A. Alidokht, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: Metal matrix composites reinforced with WC particles and Co or Ni matrices are known for their unique combination of hardness, toughness, and superior wear performance. This study focused on Ni-WCNi composite coatings and found that coatings with higher WC fill ratios displayed better wear resistance due to the uniform distribution of WC particles and shorter mean free path reducing adhesive wear. However, at higher loads, subsurface crack propagation at WC particle interfaces led to a reduction in the protective role of mechanically mixed layers. Scratch tests were used to qualitatively compare coating cohesion strengths and correlate them to wear properties.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Roghayeh Nikbakht, Mohammad Saadati, Hamid Assadi, Kamal Jahani, Bertrand Jodoin
Summary: Cold spray allows for studying dynamic microstructure evolution under extremely high strain rates, with Ni-Ti powder mixtures demonstrating different dynamic recrystallization behaviors. The study shows a heterogeneous structure of Ni-Ti composite achieved through continuous dynamic recrystallization, revealing insights into the role of material properties in dynamic recrystallization at extremely high strain rates.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lei Liu, Mujian Xia, Junzhou Teng, Donghua Dai
Summary: The CP-Ti alloy reinforced by whisker-shaped TiB and nearly granular TiC was fabricated through laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) technique. The influences of operating frequency and counterpart materials on the fretting wear behavior of the LPBF-ed composite in a salt solution were investigated. The results showed that the LPBF-ed composite had high relative density and quality surface due to the intense thermodynamics induced by the carbon additive. The fretting wear behavior varied with the operating frequency and counterpart material.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Laurent Aubanel, Francesco Delloro
Summary: This study investigates a composite coating obtained by cold spray for its potential application in automotive internal combustion engines. The coating consists of a 410 L matrix and M2 tool steel reinforcements. The study examines the microstructure, mechanical properties, topography, and tribological behavior of the coatings and proposes the use of surface textures with protuberances for lubricated contacts.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhanyong Zhao, Lizheng Zhang, Peikang Bai, Wenbo Du, Shaowei Wang, Xiangyan Xu, Qingnan Dong, Yuxin Li, Bing Han
Summary: The TiC/graphene/graphite/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared using laser cladding, showing improved wear resistance and changing wear mechanisms under different loads, transitioning from abrasive and oxidation wear to delamination, fatigue, and oxidation wear. The in-situ reaction between graphene and titanium formed feathery TiC, enhancing the coating's tribological behavior.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Chen, Chengdi Li, Xiaobo Bai, Hao Liu, Shunjian Xu, Yao Hu
Summary: TiAl intermetallic compounds are a new type of high-performance lightweight structural material that is widely used in various fields. The addition of titanium carbide (TiC) as a reinforcing phase can enhance the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and heat-resistance stability of TiAl intermetallic compounds. The research revealed that the particle size of the mixture powders decreased with longer ball milling time, and Ti(Al) solid solution appeared as the milling time increased to 30 hours. The coatings sprayed at 550 degrees C exhibited the lowest average porosity and the same phase compositions as the mixture powders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ning Wang, Yongbum Choi, Kentaro Oue, Kazuhiro Matsugi
Summary: Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) with TiC reinforcements were fabricated using an in-situ method and their properties were investigated. The reinforcing effect of rod-like TiCx particles on the tensile strength of the composites was evaluated and the formation and enhancement mechanisms were discussed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Di Jiang, Hongzhi Cui, Xiaofeng Zhao, Hao Chen, Guoliang Ma, Xiaojie Song
Summary: In this study, ceramic-reinforced Ti matrix composites were prepared using in situ spark plasma sintering (SPS), and the reaction products and reaction mechanisms during sintering were investigated. The results showed that the same reactions occurred in the mechanically-mixed group and the ball-milled group, but the reactions in the ball-milled group were more complete, leading to higher wear resistance of the samples after ball milling.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Sova, I. Goriainova, E. Feulvarch, L. Giraud, N. Peillon, A. Borbely
Summary: Friction stir processing (FSP) and laser remelting were compared as post-treatment procedures for an Al-Cu-Ni cold spray metal composite. Both methods produced an alloy coating with new intermetallic phases AlNi and Al2Cu that were not present in the as-sprayed material. The integrity of the FSP-treated coating was significantly higher than the laser-treated one due to the absence of material melting. FSP is an efficient post-treatment process for improving the uniformity and phase composition of cold sprayed composite coatings.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaojin Miao, Meiping Wu, Chen Cui, Dadong Jie, Rui He, Hang Wang, Chenglong Ma, Quanlong Wang
Summary: (TiC + TiBx)/Ti composite coatings were prepared by laser cladding on a Ti6Al4V substrate to enhance its microhardness and water erosion resistance. The effects of laser energy density and powder deposition density on the coating's morphology, phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and water erosion resistance were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the coating's morphology was influenced by laser energy density and powder deposition density, while the microstructure was not fully understood. Higher scanning speeds were beneficial for grain refinement. The microhardness and water erosion resistance of the coatings significantly improved due to the dispersion strengthening and grain refinement effects of the in situ synthesized hard phases.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sergey Prikhodko, Dmytro G. Savvakin, Pavlo E. Markovsky, Olexander O. Stasuk, James Penney, Norbert Enzinger, Michael Gaskill, Frank Deley
Summary: Titanium alloys are considered supreme structural materials due to their high specific strength, but their wide use is limited by high cost. Layered structures and friction welding are effective ways to improve material utilization and achieve desirable results in complex structures.
WELDING IN THE WORLD
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Avneesh Kumar, Dhruva Kumar Goyal, Ravi Kant, Harpreet Singh
Summary: This study aimed to enhance the corrosion performance of cold-sprayed titanium/baghdadite bio-composite coatings through laser post processing. The results showed that laser treatment significantly improved the corrosion resistance by reducing porosity and surface roughness.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Min Wei, Helong Yu, Zhanyong Song, Yanli Yin, Xinyuan Zhou, Hongmei Wang, XiaoChao Ji, Xiaoying Li, Peijing Shi, Wei Zhang
Summary: In this work, in-situ fabrication of TiC/Ti composite coatings was achieved using high-frequency induction heating under an argon atmosphere, and the microstructural evolution, phase changes, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the dissolution-precipitation mechanism governs the in-situ growth of TiC reinforcements, and the morphology, dimensions, and distribution of TiC phase in the coatings are strongly influenced by various factors such as the composition of raw powders and crystal structure of TiC.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alexandre R. C. Nascimento, Richard R. Chromik, Robert Schulz
Summary: This study investigated the friction and wear behavior of three materials commonly used in industrial bearing applications: a Sn-based Babbitt, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite. The effects of load and sliding velocities on wear rates were evaluated by regression analysis, with a focus on the relationship between wear and materials mechanical properties. The ranking of wear performance correlated most strongly with the ratio of hardness to reduced modulus, with implications for estimating oil film thickness in lubrication regimes.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sima A. Alidokht, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: Metal matrix composites reinforced with WC particles and Co or Ni matrices are known for their unique combination of hardness, toughness, and superior wear performance. This study focused on Ni-WCNi composite coatings and found that coatings with higher WC fill ratios displayed better wear resistance due to the uniform distribution of WC particles and shorter mean free path reducing adhesive wear. However, at higher loads, subsurface crack propagation at WC particle interfaces led to a reduction in the protective role of mechanically mixed layers. Scratch tests were used to qualitatively compare coating cohesion strengths and correlate them to wear properties.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. Koricherla, T. B. Torgerson, S. A. Alidokht, V. N. V. Munagala, R. R. Chromik, T. W. Scharf
Summary: Ti and Ti-based alloys are commonly used in aerospace and automotive components, but face challenges in wear resistance at elevated temperatures. The study found that Ti-xTiC composite coatings exhibit improved friction and wear performance compared to baseline Ti coatings, with Ti-35%TiC showing the best overall performance at 575 degrees C. The tribological behavior was attributed to the formation of stable oxide layers on the wear surfaces containing TiO2, WO3, and CoWO4.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Venkata Naga Vamsi Munagala, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: Ti6Al4V-TiC metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings were cold sprayed using spherical and irregular Ti6Al4V powders with plasma gas atomization and the Armstrong process, respectively. Composite coatings deposited using irregular powders exhibit higher ceramic retentions and lower porosity compared to those made with spherical powder. In wear tests, irregular powder composites showed resistance to abrasive wear mechanisms with lower coefficients of friction and wear rates due to the presence of islands of tribolayers, while increasing ceramic content led to even lower wear rates and continuous tribolayer formation at higher loads. The formation of tribolayers resulted in coarser-grain microstructures in the worn subsurface, indicating less stress transfer and lower wear rates.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Priyadarshi Behera, Richard R. Chromik, Stephen Yue
Summary: The study showed that changes in relative humidity and coating type have a 10-fold difference in wear rate of the steel substrate. The Cd coating decreases substrate wear, while the Al coating increases it. Residual third bodies, which were oxides and hydroxides of the coating, affect the wear process of the steel substrate after coating wear-through.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
B. C. N. M. de Castilho, N. Sharifi, S. A. Alidokht, K. Harrington, P. Stoyanov, C. Moreau, R. R. Chromik
Summary: NiCr-Cr2O3-Ag-BaF2/CaF2 (PS304) and NiMoAl-Cr2O3-Ag-BaF2/CaF2 (PS400) coatings exhibit low wear and friction at temperatures ranging from 25 to 700 degrees C. However, the formation of small precipitates in high temperatures due to expansion of NiCr matrix component can pose challenges for coating integrity in gas turbine applications. Experimental evidence suggests that the precipitates are formed by fluorine diffusing from fluorides to NiCr, driven by oxidation of the fluorides to form BaCrO4 and CaCrO4. PS400 coatings show superior thermal stability and wear resistance compared to PS304 coatings under tested conditions.
Review
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Sara I. Imbriglio, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: Research on metal/ceramic interfaces created by cold spray is expanding due to their interesting applications, where adhesion of particles is achieved by high-speed impact while remaining in the solid state. The combination of mechanical interlocking and physicochemical interactions is considered crucial for adhesion, with the formation and contribution of physicochemical interactions remaining of interest.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Venkata Naga Vamsi Munagala, Rohan Chakrabarty, Jun Song, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: By adjusting the properties of metal powders, such as surface morphology and porosity, MMCs with higher ceramic retentions can be deposited using the cold spray process, affecting the quality of the coatings.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Samantha Michelle Gateman, Sima Ahmad Alidokht, Emmanuel Mena-Morcillo, Robert Schulz, Richard R. Chromik, Anne-Marie Kietzig, Ivan P. Parkin, Janine Mauzeroll
Summary: This work combines thermal spray and compression molding methods to create wear-resistant and solid-lubricating composite coatings suitable for high load applications. The coatings fabricated on SS444 substrates consist of a mixture of PTFE and PI, with the addition of graphite to lower material costs and increase load capacity. The coatings show low wear rates and coefficient of frictions, with the influence of graphite on wear properties found to be minimal.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Payank Patel, Sima A. Alidokht, Navid Sharifi, Amit Roy, Kelly Harrington, Pantcho Stoyanov, Richard R. Chromik, Christian Moreau
Summary: High entropy alloys (HEAs), characterized by containing five or more principal elements, are considered as potential candidates for high-temperature applications due to their superior mechanical and thermal properties. In this study, the microstructure and wear behavior of CrMnFeCoNi HEA coatings were evaluated, revealing equivalent behavior of as sprayed and annealed coatings on polished surfaces and higher wear rates on rough surfaces.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Payank Patel, Amit Roy, Navid Sharifi, Pantcho Stoyanov, Richard R. Chromik, Christian Moreau
Summary: This review article discusses the synthesis methods, microstructural characteristics, and tribological performance of high-entropy coatings (HECs). HECs exhibit favorable mechanical and tribological properties at high temperatures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nhat Minh Dang, Wen-Yen Lin, Zhao-Ying Wang, Sima Ahmad Alidokht, Richard R. Chromik, Terry Yuan-Fang Chen, Ming-Tzer Lin
Summary: This study investigated the mechanical properties and residual stress of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) titanium nitride (TiN) thin film capping on a cold spray titanium (Ti) coating. The results showed that the TiN/Ti duplex coating exhibited excellent mechanical properties, and the residual stresses did not significantly change with different Ti cold spray substrates, indicating the feasibility of coating technology in the aerospace industry.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. A. Alidokht, Y. Gao, B. C. N. M. de Castilho, N. Sharifi, M. Harfouche, P. Stoyanov, M. Makowiec, C. Moreau, R. R. Chromik
Summary: In this study, two Co-based Tribaloy powders were coated on mild steel substrate using high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying. The microstructure and distribution of Laves phases in the coatings were investigated. It was found that Co3Mo2Si and Co3Mo were the main constituents of the intermetallic Laves phases in the sprayed coatings. The volume fraction of Laves phases in the coatings was significantly lower compared to similar alloys due to high cooling rate and solidification in HVOF. The Laves-free solid solution exhibited a nano-crystalline microstructure with similar local hardness to the Laves phases.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Amit Roy, Venkata Naga Vamsi Munagala, Payank Patel, Navid Sharifi, Sima A. Alidokht, Mary Makowiec, Richard R. Chromik, Christian Moreau, Pantcho Stoyanov
Summary: Tantalum oxide-based coatings have been developed by suspension plasma spraying and their tribological behavior at high temperatures has been evaluated. The coatings exhibit uniform and dense nanostructure with no phase transformation. The friction coefficient of the coatings decreases slightly from 0.9 at 25 degrees C to 0.8 at 300 degrees C, while the wear rate decreases by more than 50%. The decrease in friction and wear at elevated temperatures is attributed to the formation of a smooth continuous layer and a stable transfer film.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Venkata Naga Vamsi Munagala, Sima A. Alidokht, Navid Sharifi, Mary E. Makowiec, Pantcho Stoyanov, Christian Moreau, Richard R. Chromik
Summary: CoMoCrSi alloys with intermetallic Laves phases exhibit high hardness and excellent wear resistance. Diamalloy3001 coatings deposited using HVOF spraying process showed low wear rates at room temperature due to the formation of tribolayers composed of Co, Cr, and Mo oxides. However, at elevated temperatures, detachment of tribolayers and formation of cavities increased the wear rates.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)