Article
Virology
Hanna Keck, Bernd Hoffmann, Michael Eschbaumer
Summary: A proficiency test was conducted to verify the reliability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) diagnostics provided by regional veterinary laboratories in Germany. The participating laboratories demonstrated proficiency in both nucleic acid detection and antibody detection methods for FMDV, with no false-positive results reported.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Fadila Abosrer, Giulia Pezzoni, Emiliana Brocchi, Anna Castelli, Stefano Baselli, Santina Grazioli, Hafsa Madani, Elfurgani Kraim, Abdunaser Dayhum, Ibrahim Eldaghayes
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. Diagnosing and controlling FMD outbreaks is crucial, and using FTA cards can be a cost-effective method for sending samples for diagnosis.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Meruyert A. Saduakassova, Britta A. Wood, Elisabeth Henry, Ashley R. Gray, Valerie Mioulet, Akhmetzhan A. Sultanov, Jemma Wadsworth, Nick J. Knowles, Antonello Di Nardo, Donald P. King, Katarzyna Bachanek-Bankowska
Summary: In this study, a panel of real-time RT-PCR assays was developed to rapidly characterize circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) lineages in Asia. The assays were able to accurately identify FMDV serotypes and assign lineages. The newly developed assays demonstrated comparable amplification efficiency and can be used for molecular characterization in FMD-endemic regions at a relatively low cost.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Danna Zhou, Shuangshuang Wang, Keli Yang, Xue Liu, Wei Liu, Rui Guo, Wan Liang, Fangyan Yuan, Zewen Liu, Ting Gao, Yong-xiang Tian
Summary: A new real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) method was developed for rapid detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), showing high specificity and sensitivity.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Amaresh Das, Yin Wang, Shawn Babiuk, Jianfa Bai, Kimberly Dodd, Wei Jia
Summary: This study developed multiplex real-time PCR assays for differential detection of capripoxvirus, parapoxvirus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep, goats, and cattle, with high specificity and sensitivity.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xuexiang Lin, Xiao-Yu Liu, Bo Zhang, Ai-Qing Qin, Kwok-Min Hui, Kevin Shi, Yang Liu, Don Gabriel, X. James Li
Summary: A virus enzyme assay using a luciferin derivative as the substrate has been developed as an alternative method for detection of acute viral infection, particularly for influenza diagnosis. The assay showed similar detection rates for all influenza types and subtypes except for A(H7N9) due to lower viral titer. When tested with diluted specimens in comparison to a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, the assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Paz Peris, Laura Clusa, Henar Alonso, Cristina Escolar, Blanca Fortuno, Antonio Rezusta, Ana Milagro
Summary: In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, the outbreak of infectious diseases can become a global health emergency. The current example is the 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak. Strategies to identify and control the spread of the virus should be developed to prevent further crises.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xue-Lian Luo, Xiu-Dan Zhang, Bei-Jie Li, Tian Qin, Zhi-Jie Cao, Qian-Jin Fan, Jing Yang, Dong Jin, Shan Lu, Ya-Yun Zheng, Xue-Fang Xu, Ji Pu, Jianguo Xu
Summary: Lassa virus is an important human pathogen causing hemorrhagic fever in West Africa, with an increasing risk of imported cases to other countries due to increased traveling. The high nucleotide diversity of the virus strains complicates the development of diagnostic assays. The GPC RT-PCR/2007 assay and the Mabsky kit showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting most LASV strains.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ayah M. Hassan, Fouad S. El-mayet, Ayman S. El-Habbaa, Momtaz A. Shahein, Mohamed M. E. El Zowalaty, M. Naglaa Hagag, Saad S. A. Sharawi
Summary: This study analyzed the ORF genome sequence of the Egyptian SAT 2/Lib-12 lineage of FMDV, providing important insights for molecular analysis and vaccine selection.
Article
Microbiology
Zhidong Zhang, Ryan Waters, Yanmin Li
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes epithelial cell lesions and muscle-associated lesions in cloven-hoofed animals, leading to high mortality. Current knowledge about the non-epithelial tropism of FMDV remains limited.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jonathan Arzt, Ian H. Fish, Miranda R. Bertram, George R. Smoliga, Ethan J. Hartwig, Steven J. Pauszek, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Fayna C. Diaz-San Segundo, Tatjana Sitt, Elizabeth Rieder, Carolina Stenfeldt
Summary: Research showed that cattle can be simultaneously infected with two different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), with different outcomes depending on the timing of exposure to the viruses. Dominant interserotypic recombinant FMDVs were discovered in upper respiratory tract samples of superinfected animals, indicating the potential role of persistently infected FMDV carriers in generating novel viral strains.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jitao Wang, Hongyan Liu, Zijun Cao, Jihong Xu, Jiane Guo, Lifeng Zhao, Rui Wang, Yang Xu, Ruihong Gao, Li Gao, Zhihong Zuo, Jinbo Xiao, Huanhuan Lu, Yong Zhang
Summary: In recent years, the prevalence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enteroviruses other than enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) has been increasing. This study analyzed throat swab specimens from 2701 HFMD cases and found that EV-A71, CVA16, and other EVs had positivity rates of 15.22%, 28.77%, and 56.01%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of CVA10 based on VP1 region revealed the presence of seven genotypes, with C2 subtype being the most prevalent.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yan Zhang, Yuhao Li, Zhixin Guan, Yang Yang, Junjie Zhang, Qing Sun, Beibei Li, Yafeng Qiu, Ke Liu, Donghua Shao, Zhiyong Ma, Jianchao Wei, Peng Li
Summary: A new duplex TaqMan RT-qPCR method for rapid identification and detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Getah virus (GETV) was established in this study. The method showed high sensitivity, extreme specificity, and excellent repeatability, and could be completed in a short time. It provided an effective tool for the detection and differentiation of JEV and GETV.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Brigitte Sigrist, Jessica Geers, Sarah Albini, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Nina Wolfrum
Summary: Avian bornaviruses were first identified as causative agents of a disease in parrots in 2008. Currently, detection of these viruses is primarily done through RT-PCR, but existing methods have limitations in specificity and breadth of detection. A new multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay has been developed to overcome these limitations and simultaneously detect and differentiate avian bornaviruses.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuto Matsui, Jeeranant Chottikamporn, Sahawatchara Ungvanijban, Kingkarn Boonsuya Seeyo, Ratchaneekorn Vitoonpong, Nutthakarn Suwankitwat, Tapanut Songkasupa, Junzo Norimine, Kentaro Yamada, Lerdchai Chintapitaksakul, Naoaki Misawa
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral vesicular disease causing devastating losses to the livestock industry. A real-time RT-PCR system using a portable PicoGene PCR1100 device was evaluated for FMD diagnosis. This system could detect synthetic FMD viral RNA within 20 min with high sensitivity compared to conventional real-time RT-PCR.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Emma L. A. Howson, Stephen P. Kidd, Bryony Armson, Alice Goring, Jason Sawyer, Claire Cassar, David Cross, Tom Lewis, Jess Hockey, Samantha Rivers, Saira Cawthraw, Ashley Banyard, Paul Anderson, Sabah Rahou, Michael Andreou, Nick Morant, Duncan Clark, Charlotte Walsh, Shailen Laxman, Rebecca Houghton, Joanne Slater-Jefferies, Paula Costello, Ian Brown, Nicholas Cortes, Keith M. Godfrey, Veronica L. Fowler
Summary: A simplified sample preparation method has been optimized for rapid and direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva using RT-LAMP. This method allows for non-invasive collection of samples without the need for skilled staff, overcoming the bottleneck of extraction robots and reagents, and enabling public health intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anetta Ptasinska, Celina Whalley, Andrew Bosworth, Charlotte Poxon, Claire Bryer, Nicholas Machin, Seden Grippon, Emma L. Wise, Bryony Armson, Emma L. A. Howson, Alice Goring, Gemma Snell, Jade Forster, Chris Mattocks, Sarah Frampton, Rebecca Anderson, David Cleary, Joe Parker, Konstantinos Boukas, Nichola Graham, Doriana Cellura, Emma Garratt, Rachel Skilton, Hana Sheldon, Alla Collins, Nusreen Ahmad, Simon Friar, Daniel Burns, Tim Williams, Keith M. Godfrey, Zandra Deans, Angela Douglas, Sue Hill, Michael Kidd, Deborah Porter, Stephen P. Kidd, Nicholas J. Cortes, Veronica Fowler, Tony Williams, Alex Richter, Andrew D. Beggs
Summary: LamPORE is a highly accurate methodology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in both symptomatic and asymptomatic populations, showing high sensitivity and specificity compared to the reference RT-qPCR test, especially in asymptomatic samples. It can be used as an alternative to RT-qPCR for effective diagnostics in population settings.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Stephen P. Kidd, Daniel Burns, Bryony Armson, Andrew D. Beggs, Emma L. A. Howson, Anthony Williams, Gemma Snell, Emma L. Wise, Alice Goring, Zoe Vincent-Mistiaen, Seden Grippon, Jason Sawyer, Claire Cassar, David Cross, Thomas Lewis, Scott M. Reid, Samantha Rivers, Joe James, Paul Skinner, Ashley Banyard, Kerrie Davies, Anetta Ptasinska, Celina Whalley, Jack Ferguson, Claire Bryer, Charlie Poxon, Andrew Bosworth, Michael Kidd, Alex Richter, Jane Burton, Hannah Love, Sarah Fouch, Claire Tillyer, Amy Sowood, Helen Patrick, Nathan Moore, Michael Andreou, Nick Morant, Rebecca Houghton, Joe Parker, Joanne Slater-Jefferies, Ian Brown, Cosima Gretton, Zandra Deans, Deborah Porter, Nicholas J. Cortes, Angela Douglas, Sue L. Hill, Keith M. Godfrey, Veronica L. Fowler
Summary: This study validates an improved extraction-free RT-LAMP method and reports the clinical performance of four RT-LAMP assay formats for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The results demonstrate that RT-LAMP is applicable to a variety of use cases, including frequent, interval-based direct testing of saliva from asymptomatic individuals.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian Singanallur, Phaedra Lydia Eble, Anna Barbara Ludi, Bob Statham, Abdelghani Bin-Tarif, Donald P. King, Aldo Dekker, Wilna Vosloo
Summary: The emergence and circulation of the A/G-VII lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has led to the development of homologous vaccines, but the A/IRN/05 lineage continues to circulate. This study evaluated the cross protective ability of an A/G-VII vaccine and found that it does not provide sufficient protection against the A/IRN/05 lineage.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Frank Banda, Albertina Shilongo, Emmanuel H. Hikufe, Siegfried Khaiseb, Juliet Kabajani, Beatrice Shikongo, Paul Set, Joseph K. Kapapero, Kenneth K. Shoombe, Georgina Zaire, Swithine Kabilika, Melvyn Quan, Elliot M. Fana, Mokganedi Mokopasetso, Joseph M. K. Hyera, Jemma Wadsworth, Nick J. Knowles, Antonello Di Nardo, Donald P. King
Summary: This report describes the molecular characterization of a serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) recovered from a field outbreak in the Zambezi region, Namibia during July 2021. The virus belongs to the O/EA-2 topotype and shares closest nucleotide identity with FMD viruses collected since 2018 in Zambia. This incursion poses a new threat for the region and the potential onward spread of O/EA-2 will now need to be closely monitored.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laetitia Canini, Sandra Blaise-Boisseau, Antonello Di Nardo, Andrew E. Shaw, Aurore Romey, Anthony Relmy, Cindy Bernelin-Cottet, Anne-Laure Salomez, Andy Haegeman, Hussaini Ularamu, Hafsa Madani, Bruno Lalidia Ouoba, Habibata Lamouni Zerbo, Mamadou Lamarana Souare, Cyprien Yapi Boke, Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Abdunaser Dayhum, Moina Hasni Ebou, Nabil Abouchoaib, Soufien Sghaier, David Lefebvre, Kris DeClercq, Valerie Milouet, Emiliana Brocchi, Giulia Pezzoni, Charles Nfon, Donald King, Benoit Durand, Nick Knowles, Labib Bakkali-Kassimi, Souheyla Benfrid
Summary: This study investigates the phylodynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in Africa and Western Asia, highlighting the importance of surveillance and control measures.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Andrew E. Shaw, Alison Burman, Amin Asfor, Emiliana Brocchi, Santina Grazioli, Clare Browning, Anna Ludi, Tobias J. Tuthill, Donald P. King
Summary: Research shows that the avidity of antibodies can affect both the neutralizing ability against virus infection and the level of protection provided by FMD vaccines.
Article
Virology
Ming Yang, Dmytro Zhmendak, Valerie Mioulet, Donald P. King, Alison Burman, Charles K. Nfon
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes a devastating disease in cloven-hoofed animals. We have developed a rapid lateral flow strip test (LFST) that can detect FMDV, which is comparable to current laboratory methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. This LFST can be used for on-site detection in endemic countries with limited laboratory resources.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aiken S. Karabassova, Akhmetzhan A. Sultanov, Meruyert A. Saduakassova, Donald P. King, Anna B. Ludi, Clare F. J. Browning, Ginette Wilsden
Summary: This study aimed to measure FMDV-specific responses in cattle and sheep after vaccination with a trivalent FMD vaccine, and to use these sera for virus neutralization tests and serological ELISAs. Results showed a short duration of immunity with a single dose of the vaccine, highlighting the need for further research on immune responses after a two-dose vaccination regimen in cattle and small ruminants. Further data on VNT and ELISAs are needed to monitor post-vaccination immune responses in low-containment laboratories.
Article
Virology
Anna B. Ludi, Alison Morris, Simon Gubbins, Amin Asfor, Madeeha Afzal, Clare F. Browning, Santina Grazioli, Efrem Alessandro Foglia, Ginette Wilsden, Alison Burman, Emiliana Brocchi, David J. Paton, Donald P. King
Summary: This study quantified the cross-reactivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid antibodies between different serotypes. The results showed that a majority of samples had positive reactions to at least one heterologous serotype. Comparative analysis of serotypes improved the accuracy of serotyping, but this method may be undermined when animals have been infected and/or vaccinated with multiple FMDV serotypes. Additionally, the study found that the integrity of the capsid may affect the specificity of SP-ELISAs.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Daniel Esonu, Bryony Armson, Mohammed Babashani, Ruth Alafiatayo, Abel B. Ekiri, Alasdair J. C. Cook
Summary: This article reviews the epidemiology of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Nigeria, identifies research gaps, and provides recommendations. The study finds high prevalence and diversity of PPR in Nigeria, with inconsistencies and variations in research design and data reporting.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
David J. King, Graham Freimanis, Chris Neil, Andrew Shaw, Tobias J. Tuthill, Emma Laing, Donald P. King, Lidia Lasecka-Dykes
Summary: This study investigates the impact of serum-neutralising antibodies on the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using an in vitro system. The presence of sub-neutralising dilutions of specific antisera delayed the onset of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and resulted in genetic mutations in the virus. These findings highlight the various ways in which FMDV populations can escape neutralising antibodies and support the use of in vitro approaches to study the evolution of viruses and the immune system's response.
Correction
Veterinary Sciences
A. B. Ludi, M. McLaws, B. Armson, J. Clark, A. Di Nardo, K. Parekh, M. Henstock, P. Muellner, U. J. Muellner, F. Rosso, J. M. Prada, D. L. Horton, D. J. Sumption, D. P. King
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna B. Ludi, Melissa McLaws, Bryony Armson, Jessica Clark, Antonello Di Nardo, Krupali Parekh, Mark Henstock, Petra Muellner, Ulrich J. Muellner, Fabrizio Rosso, Joaquin M. Prada, Daniel L. Horton, David J. Paton, Keith Sumption, Donald P. King
Summary: This paper introduces a semi-quantitative FMD vaccine strain selection tool, PRAGMATIST, which combines multiple strands of evidence to identify the most suitable vaccine strains for inclusion in antigen banks. By estimating the risk of incursion, the relative prevalence of FMD viral lineages, and the effectiveness of vaccines against specific FMDV lineages, this tool can prioritize vaccine strains that address the highest threats. The study highlights the variation in vaccine antigens required for different regions based on risk, with the vaccine coverage score having the most significant impact on the estimated risk covered by each vaccine, especially for those that provide substantial coverage across multiple lineages.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Isabella C. Endacott, Erika Galipo, Abel B. Ekiri, Ruth Alafiatayo, Kehinde Adebowale, Mariana Dineva, Aliyu Wakawa, Adah Ogwuche, Beatty-Viv Maikai, Bryony Armson, Erik Mijten, Gabriel Varga, Alasdair J. C. Cook
Summary: Poultry production in Nigeria is rapidly expanding but constrained by low productivity. Antibiotics are widely used, with challenges including difficult access to pharmaceutical products, antibiotic ineffectiveness, high drug costs, and issues related to vaccine use. Improved access to veterinary pharmaceuticals and investigations into antibiotic ineffectiveness are necessary for the industry's growth and sustainability.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)