Article
Virology
Hanna Keck, Bernd Hoffmann, Michael Eschbaumer
Summary: A proficiency test was conducted to verify the reliability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) diagnostics provided by regional veterinary laboratories in Germany. The participating laboratories demonstrated proficiency in both nucleic acid detection and antibody detection methods for FMDV, with no false-positive results reported.
Article
Microbiology
Zhidong Zhang, Ryan Waters, Yanmin Li
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes epithelial cell lesions and muscle-associated lesions in cloven-hoofed animals, leading to high mortality. Current knowledge about the non-epithelial tropism of FMDV remains limited.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jonathan Arzt, Ian H. Fish, Miranda R. Bertram, George R. Smoliga, Ethan J. Hartwig, Steven J. Pauszek, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Fayna C. Diaz-San Segundo, Tatjana Sitt, Elizabeth Rieder, Carolina Stenfeldt
Summary: Research showed that cattle can be simultaneously infected with two different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), with different outcomes depending on the timing of exposure to the viruses. Dominant interserotypic recombinant FMDVs were discovered in upper respiratory tract samples of superinfected animals, indicating the potential role of persistently infected FMDV carriers in generating novel viral strains.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Amaresh Das, Yin Wang, Shawn Babiuk, Jianfa Bai, Kimberly Dodd, Wei Jia
Summary: This study developed multiplex real-time PCR assays for differential detection of capripoxvirus, parapoxvirus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep, goats, and cattle, with high specificity and sensitivity.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda R. Bertram, Haillie C. Meek, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Megan C. Niederwerder, Diego G. Diel, Scott A. Dee, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: The study investigated the infectivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in commercial pig feed and feed ingredients, determining the minimum infectious dose required for pigs to develop the disease. The results indicated that FMDV can remain infectious in pig feed ingredients for durations compatible with transoceanic transport, with variations in feeding conditions and virus strains affecting the probability of infection. This information can be used to model the risk of FMDV incursions and regulate feed importation to minimize the risk of unintentional importation.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dustin W. Currie, Melisa M. Shah, Phillip P. Salvatore, Laura Ford, Melissa J. Whaley, Jennifer Meece, Lynn Ivacic, Natalie J. Thornburg, Azaibi Tamin, Jennifer L. Harcourt, Jennifer Folster, Magdalena Medrzycki, Shilpi Jain, Phili Wong, Kimberly Goffard, Douglas Gieryn, Juliana Kahrs, Kimberly Langolf, Tara Zochert, Christopher H. Hsu, Hannah L. Kirking, Jacqueline E. Tate
Summary: This study assessed the relationship between antigen and RT-PCR test positivity and successful virus isolation, and found that antigen test results were more predictive of virus recovery than RT-PCR results. However, some virus was still isolated from antigen-negative and RT-PCR-positive paired specimens, supporting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention antigen testing algorithm.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rajeev Ranjan, Jitendra Kumar Biswal, Prabin Kumar Sahoo, Jagannath Prasad Tripathy, Rabindra Prasad Singh
Summary: Early and accurate diagnosis of diseases is crucial for disease control. This study aimed to detect the foot-and-mouth disease viral genome in formalin-fixed tissue samples to avoid the need for cold chain during transportation. The findings suggest that 10% neutral buffered formalin can be used for sample preservation and transportation for timely and accurate FMD diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tatsuya Nishi, Katsuhiko Fukai, Kentaro Masujin, Rie Kawaguchi, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Manabu Yamada, Nozomi Nakajima, Takashi Komeno, Yousuke Furuta, Hiromi Sugihara, Chie Kurosaki, Kenichi Sakamoto, Kazuki Morioka
Summary: This study found that the pyrazinecarboxamide derivative T-1105 has strong antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and can effectively control the spread of FMDV in pigs.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kay Childs, Yongjie Harvey, Ryan Waters, Timothy Woma, Ginette Wilsden, Hualu Sun, Peng Sun, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a severe economic impact on the agriculture industry in many regions. Current vaccines are not effective against the contemporary strains of the disease, particularly in East Africa. Researchers have identified stable strains of the virus and developed a quadrivalent vaccine that generates high neutralizing antibody titers and provides good cross-protection against regional strains.
Article
Immunology
Ben Jackson, Yongjie Harvey, Eva Perez-Martin, Ginette Wilsden, Nicholas Juleff, Bryan Charleston, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a global burden on the livestock industry, with vaccination being the most effective control strategy in endemic regions. However, challenges such as the instability of FMDV and the emergence of new strains exist in the development of efficient vaccines. Currently, vaccines in East Africa are comprised of relatively historic strains with unknown stabilities.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhixun Zhao, Caiyun Huang, Xueliang Zhu, Zheng Qi, Yimei Cao, Pinghua Li, Huifang Bao, Pu Sun, Xingwen Bai, Yuanfang Fu, Kun Li, Jing Zhang, Xueqing Ma, Jian Wang, Hong Yuan, Dong Li, Zaixin Liu, Qiang Zhang, Zengjun Lu
Summary: In this study, a dual live vector vaccine against Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and Peste des petits ruminant disease (PPR) was constructed using the MVA-GFP recombinant virus skeleton. The recombinant virus successfully expressed the target proteins and the empty capsid of FMDV. This study laid the foundation for the successful construction of a live vector vaccine against FMD and PPR.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Junyong Guan, Shichong Han, Jin'en Wu, Yun Zhang, Manyuan Bai, Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo
Summary: Ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13) is involved in the antiviral immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), inhibiting viral replication by inducing the activation of NF-kappa B and IFN-beta genes. The interaction between FMDV 3C(pro) protease and RPL13 reduces the expression of RPL13, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity. This study provides new insights into cellular antiviral defenses and virus-antagonizing mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Meruyert A. Saduakassova, Britta A. Wood, Elisabeth Henry, Ashley R. Gray, Valerie Mioulet, Akhmetzhan A. Sultanov, Jemma Wadsworth, Nick J. Knowles, Antonello Di Nardo, Donald P. King, Katarzyna Bachanek-Bankowska
Summary: In this study, a panel of real-time RT-PCR assays was developed to rapidly characterize circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) lineages in Asia. The assays were able to accurately identify FMDV serotypes and assign lineages. The newly developed assays demonstrated comparable amplification efficiency and can be used for molecular characterization in FMD-endemic regions at a relatively low cost.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yun-Jung Hwang, Kyung-Kwan Lee, Jong-Won Kim, Kwang-Hyo Chung, Sang-Jick Kim, Wan-Soo Yun, Chang-Soo Lee
Summary: The study introduces an optical and electrochemical dual-modal approach for the specific detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes O and A, offering high sensitivity and accuracy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tingting Ren, Haotai Chen, Xinsheng Liu, Yanxue Wang, Aixia Fan, Linlin Qi, Li Pan, Wenlong Bai, Yongguang Zhang, Yuefeng Sun
Summary: The ID1 protein promotes the degradation of FOXO1, suppresses interferon production, and inhibits HDAC4, ultimately suppressing the replication of FDMV and potentially other viruses.
Article
Pathology
Stephen P. Kidd, Daniel Burns, Bryony Armson, Andrew D. Beggs, Emma L. A. Howson, Anthony Williams, Gemma Snell, Emma L. Wise, Alice Goring, Zoe Vincent-Mistiaen, Seden Grippon, Jason Sawyer, Claire Cassar, David Cross, Thomas Lewis, Scott M. Reid, Samantha Rivers, Joe James, Paul Skinner, Ashley Banyard, Kerrie Davies, Anetta Ptasinska, Celina Whalley, Jack Ferguson, Claire Bryer, Charlie Poxon, Andrew Bosworth, Michael Kidd, Alex Richter, Jane Burton, Hannah Love, Sarah Fouch, Claire Tillyer, Amy Sowood, Helen Patrick, Nathan Moore, Michael Andreou, Nick Morant, Rebecca Houghton, Joe Parker, Joanne Slater-Jefferies, Ian Brown, Cosima Gretton, Zandra Deans, Deborah Porter, Nicholas J. Cortes, Angela Douglas, Sue L. Hill, Keith M. Godfrey, Veronica L. Fowler
Summary: This study validates an improved extraction-free RT-LAMP method and reports the clinical performance of four RT-LAMP assay formats for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The results demonstrate that RT-LAMP is applicable to a variety of use cases, including frequent, interval-based direct testing of saliva from asymptomatic individuals.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Nagendrakumar Balasubramanian Singanallur, Phaedra Lydia Eble, Anna Barbara Ludi, Bob Statham, Abdelghani Bin-Tarif, Donald P. King, Aldo Dekker, Wilna Vosloo
Summary: The emergence and circulation of the A/G-VII lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has led to the development of homologous vaccines, but the A/IRN/05 lineage continues to circulate. This study evaluated the cross protective ability of an A/G-VII vaccine and found that it does not provide sufficient protection against the A/IRN/05 lineage.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Frank Banda, Albertina Shilongo, Emmanuel H. Hikufe, Siegfried Khaiseb, Juliet Kabajani, Beatrice Shikongo, Paul Set, Joseph K. Kapapero, Kenneth K. Shoombe, Georgina Zaire, Swithine Kabilika, Melvyn Quan, Elliot M. Fana, Mokganedi Mokopasetso, Joseph M. K. Hyera, Jemma Wadsworth, Nick J. Knowles, Antonello Di Nardo, Donald P. King
Summary: This report describes the molecular characterization of a serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) recovered from a field outbreak in the Zambezi region, Namibia during July 2021. The virus belongs to the O/EA-2 topotype and shares closest nucleotide identity with FMD viruses collected since 2018 in Zambia. This incursion poses a new threat for the region and the potential onward spread of O/EA-2 will now need to be closely monitored.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laetitia Canini, Sandra Blaise-Boisseau, Antonello Di Nardo, Andrew E. Shaw, Aurore Romey, Anthony Relmy, Cindy Bernelin-Cottet, Anne-Laure Salomez, Andy Haegeman, Hussaini Ularamu, Hafsa Madani, Bruno Lalidia Ouoba, Habibata Lamouni Zerbo, Mamadou Lamarana Souare, Cyprien Yapi Boke, Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Abdunaser Dayhum, Moina Hasni Ebou, Nabil Abouchoaib, Soufien Sghaier, David Lefebvre, Kris DeClercq, Valerie Milouet, Emiliana Brocchi, Giulia Pezzoni, Charles Nfon, Donald King, Benoit Durand, Nick Knowles, Labib Bakkali-Kassimi, Souheyla Benfrid
Summary: This study investigates the phylodynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in Africa and Western Asia, highlighting the importance of surveillance and control measures.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Andrew E. Shaw, Alison Burman, Amin Asfor, Emiliana Brocchi, Santina Grazioli, Clare Browning, Anna Ludi, Tobias J. Tuthill, Donald P. King
Summary: Research shows that the avidity of antibodies can affect both the neutralizing ability against virus infection and the level of protection provided by FMD vaccines.
Article
Virology
Ming Yang, Dmytro Zhmendak, Valerie Mioulet, Donald P. King, Alison Burman, Charles K. Nfon
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes a devastating disease in cloven-hoofed animals. We have developed a rapid lateral flow strip test (LFST) that can detect FMDV, which is comparable to current laboratory methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. This LFST can be used for on-site detection in endemic countries with limited laboratory resources.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Aiken S. Karabassova, Akhmetzhan A. Sultanov, Meruyert A. Saduakassova, Donald P. King, Anna B. Ludi, Clare F. J. Browning, Ginette Wilsden
Summary: This study aimed to measure FMDV-specific responses in cattle and sheep after vaccination with a trivalent FMD vaccine, and to use these sera for virus neutralization tests and serological ELISAs. Results showed a short duration of immunity with a single dose of the vaccine, highlighting the need for further research on immune responses after a two-dose vaccination regimen in cattle and small ruminants. Further data on VNT and ELISAs are needed to monitor post-vaccination immune responses in low-containment laboratories.
Article
Virology
Anna B. Ludi, Alison Morris, Simon Gubbins, Amin Asfor, Madeeha Afzal, Clare F. Browning, Santina Grazioli, Efrem Alessandro Foglia, Ginette Wilsden, Alison Burman, Emiliana Brocchi, David J. Paton, Donald P. King
Summary: This study quantified the cross-reactivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid antibodies between different serotypes. The results showed that a majority of samples had positive reactions to at least one heterologous serotype. Comparative analysis of serotypes improved the accuracy of serotyping, but this method may be undermined when animals have been infected and/or vaccinated with multiple FMDV serotypes. Additionally, the study found that the integrity of the capsid may affect the specificity of SP-ELISAs.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Daniel Esonu, Bryony Armson, Mohammed Babashani, Ruth Alafiatayo, Abel B. Ekiri, Alasdair J. C. Cook
Summary: This article reviews the epidemiology of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Nigeria, identifies research gaps, and provides recommendations. The study finds high prevalence and diversity of PPR in Nigeria, with inconsistencies and variations in research design and data reporting.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
David J. King, Graham Freimanis, Chris Neil, Andrew Shaw, Tobias J. Tuthill, Emma Laing, Donald P. King, Lidia Lasecka-Dykes
Summary: This study investigates the impact of serum-neutralising antibodies on the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using an in vitro system. The presence of sub-neutralising dilutions of specific antisera delayed the onset of virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and resulted in genetic mutations in the virus. These findings highlight the various ways in which FMDV populations can escape neutralising antibodies and support the use of in vitro approaches to study the evolution of viruses and the immune system's response.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yasuko Yamazaki, Uraiwan Thongchankaew-Seo, Wataru Yamazaki
Summary: The study investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cultivated oysters sold in Japan and evaluated the risk of food-borne transmission. The results indicated that consumption of oysters cultivated in coastal areas may not be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, suggesting that well-developed sewage treatment facilities contribute to preventing viral contamination.
Correction
Veterinary Sciences
A. B. Ludi, M. McLaws, B. Armson, J. Clark, A. Di Nardo, K. Parekh, M. Henstock, P. Muellner, U. J. Muellner, F. Rosso, J. M. Prada, D. L. Horton, D. J. Sumption, D. P. King
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna B. Ludi, Melissa McLaws, Bryony Armson, Jessica Clark, Antonello Di Nardo, Krupali Parekh, Mark Henstock, Petra Muellner, Ulrich J. Muellner, Fabrizio Rosso, Joaquin M. Prada, Daniel L. Horton, David J. Paton, Keith Sumption, Donald P. King
Summary: This paper introduces a semi-quantitative FMD vaccine strain selection tool, PRAGMATIST, which combines multiple strands of evidence to identify the most suitable vaccine strains for inclusion in antigen banks. By estimating the risk of incursion, the relative prevalence of FMD viral lineages, and the effectiveness of vaccines against specific FMDV lineages, this tool can prioritize vaccine strains that address the highest threats. The study highlights the variation in vaccine antigens required for different regions based on risk, with the vaccine coverage score having the most significant impact on the estimated risk covered by each vaccine, especially for those that provide substantial coverage across multiple lineages.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mai Thi Ngan, Huynh Thi My Le, Vu Ngoc Dang, Trinh Thi Bich Ngoc, Le Van Phan, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Truong Quang Lam, Nguyen Thi Lan, Kosuke Notsu, Satoshi Sekiguchi, Yasuko Yamazaki, Wataru Yamazaki
Summary: The lack of practical testing methods for African swine fever (ASF) has hindered early detection and early containment of the pandemic. In this study, a rapid and sensitive point-of-care test (POCT) was developed to detect ASF using swine whole blood samples. The POCT enabled crude DNA to be extracted from swine whole blood samples within 10 min at low cost and with ease. Compared to conventional real-time PCR detection, the POCT showed slightly lower sensitivity but comparable diagnostic accuracy. It is expected that this POCT will facilitate early diagnosis and containment of ASF.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yasufumi Matsumura, Wataru Yamazaki, Taro Noguchi, Masaki Yamamoto, Miki Nagao
Summary: Direct detection tests for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples show promising potential for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. However, there are large differences in the performance of different assays, and laboratories need to consider these characteristics before implementing them.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS
(2023)