Article
Soil Science
Xiaoqian Dan, Lei Meng, Mengqiu He, Shending Chen, Xiaoxiang He, Chang Zhao, Xun Li, Zucong Cai, Jinbo Zhang, Christoph Mueller
Summary: The long-term application of high doses of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in significant accumulation of soil nitrate (NO3-) in greenhouse vegetable production. It is currently unknown how efficiently vegetables can use the accumulated NO3- in soil and the source of nitrogen taken up by vegetables in greenhouse vegetable production.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Bowen Zhang, Minghua Zhou, Bo Zhu, Qianying Xiao, Xunhua Zheng, Jinbo Zhang, Christoph Mueller, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Summary: Soil physiochemical and biological properties play crucial roles in regulating nitrogen (N) transformation in soil, but the specific contributions of different soil properties remain uncertain. This study quantified the gross transformation rate of N in seven Regosolic soils in a subtropical montane agricultural landscape and identified the influences of microbial functional genes and soil properties on N transformation. The results showed that clay minerals and soil type also played important roles in regulating the rates of N transformation processes in Regosolic soils. Overall, these findings highlight the significance of clay minerals as mediators of gross N transformations in soil.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
David Rex, Timothy J. Clough, Gary J. Lanigan, Anne B. Jansen-Willems, Leo M. Condron, Karl G. Richards, Christoph Mueller
Summary: Ruminant urine patches significantly alter the chemical and biological properties of affected soils in grazed grasslands, primarily due to the prevalence of urea in the urine and high deposition rates onto pastures. Soil moisture conditions play a crucial role in regulating urea hydrolysis dynamics and ammonia formation, which in turn impact the overall gross soil nitrogen transformation rates.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masaru Kitazawa, Takashi Katagiri, Hiromi Suzuki, Satoshi Matsunaga, Mayuko Yamada, Tomoo Ikarashi, Masahiko Yamamoto, Kazuo Furukawa, Midori Iwanaga, Mariko Hatta, Kazuya Fujihara, Takaho Yamada, Shiro Tanaka, Hirohito Sone
Summary: This study compared the long-term efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as second-line drugs in patients not at high risk of ASCVD. The results showed no significant difference in achieving the primary endpoint at 52 weeks, but sitagliptin had a higher HbA1c reduction rate at 24 weeks.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Naser Ahmadiniaz, James P. Edwards, Jose Nicasio, Christian Schubert
Summary: This study investigates the nonperturbative gauge dependence of arbitrary configuration space fermion correlators in QED, using the first quantized approach. The research extends to N-point functions, deriving an exact, generalized version of the fully nonperturbative Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin (LKF) transformation. The study also delves into applications in perturbation theory and explores the LKF factor structure in D = 2 dimensions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Matthew E. Potter, J. J. M. Le Brocq, A. E. Oakley, H. Cavaye, Bart D. Vandegehuchte, Robert Raja
Summary: In this study, the molecular interactions between n-butane and mordenite catalyst were investigated using experimental and theoretical methods. The results revealed that the solid-acid sites induced conformer changes in the catalyst, which could be crucial for the design of optimized catalysts for hydrocarbon transformations.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinguo Zhang, Yue Dong, Jinhai Zhao, Bin Gong, Zixuan Meng, Jia Lin
Summary: This study conducted laboratory testing on the coal slurry issue in underground coal mines and proposed a novel combined treatment method, which effectively removes suspended solids, improves coal mine water quality, and reduces environmental damage.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Adele Moncuquet, Alexander Mitranescu, Olivier C. Marchand, Sophie Ramananarivo, Camille Duprat
Summary: Fog harvesting is a promising technique for freshwater supply in arid and semi-arid regions. This study investigates the efficiency of harp-like fog collectors and proposes a method to accurately evaluate their efficiency.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Tariq Mahmood, Rehmat Ali, Muhammad Yaqub
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the urease inhibitor NBPT on the transformation of urea nitrogen in alkaline calcareous soil at different temperatures. The results showed that NBPT significantly reduced NH3 volatilization loss, especially at higher application rates and lower temperatures.
SOIL & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Ting Lan, Mengxiao Li, Xiaoqian He, Ouping Deng, Wei Zhou, Ling Luo, Guangdeng Chen, Shu Yuan, Jing Ling, Min Zeng, Xuesong Gao
Summary: An aerobic N-15 microcosmic experiment was conducted to compare the inhibitory effects of the biological nitrification inhibitor (BNI), methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP) and the synthetic nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on the gross nitrification rate and the abundance and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in contrasting soils. The results showed that the two inhibitors had different effects on nitrification rates and the response of AOB to the inhibitors was more sensitive.
BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mingyue Cai, Wensou Huang, Jingjun Huang, Wenbo Shi, Yongjian Guo, Licong Liang, Jingwen Zhou, Liteng Lin, Bihui Cao, Ye Chen, Juan Zhou, Kangshun Zhu
Summary: TACE-L-P significantly improves survival in advanced HCC patients with acceptable safety, especially in those without main portal vein invasion but with extrahepatic metastasis or tumor number >3.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Sarah K. I. Watt, Janique G. Charlebois, Christopher N. Rowley, Jeffrey W. Keillor
Summary: Irreversible enzyme inhibitors permanently limit their target's function by covalently binding to it. The nucleophilic group targeted for reaction with the electrophilic warhead of these inhibitors is often the thiol group on cysteine residues. In this study, the mechanism of thiol addition to N-phenylchloroacetamide was investigated, revealing an early transition state for the attack by the thiolate. The reactivity of chloroacetamide was compared to acrylamides commonly used in irreversible inhibitor drugs.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zijun Zhou, Zhongbing Sun, Yiren Zhou, Qihua Zuo, Hongchuan Wang, Yongping Chen, Feiyang Huang
Summary: This paper studies the normal stress on dikes induced by the combined wave and surge overtopping. Physical model tests were conducted and two characteristics of the normal stress on dikes were observed. The spatial distribution of the normal stress was also analyzed. It was found that the Weibull distribution can effectively describe the statistical distribution of peak normal stresses. The Weibull factors for the crest and upper part of the landward slope were obtained through curve fitting of the measured data.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ronan Gleeson, Cecilie L. Andersen, Peter Rapta, Peter Machata, Jorn B. Christensen, Ole Hammerich, Stephan P. A. Sauer
Summary: A test set of N,N,N',N'-tetrasubstituted p-phenylenediamines was experimentally explored using ESR spectroscopy and analyzed computationally. The computational study aimed to aid structural characterization by comparing experimental ESR hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs) with computed values. Among the various methods and functionals tested, PBE0/6-31g(d,p)-J with a polarized continuum solvation model (PCM) showed the best correlation with the experiment, with an R2 value of 0.8926. The majority of couplings were deemed satisfactory, but there were a few outlier results that significantly degraded the correlation values. The higher-level electronic structure method MP2 was attempted to improve these outlier couplings, but only a minority showed improvement while the majority were negatively affected.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhen Wang, Xiaoxiao Cui, Antonino Famulari, Javier Marti-Rujas, Benson M. Kariuki, Fang Guo
Summary: This article reports the synthesis and structural analysis of two additional new polymorphs of a flexible organic molecule using single crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations. The results show that the L beta-phase is the most stable and the L gamma-phase is the least stable. The potential use of conformational polymorphs to prepare second sphere adducts with marked polymorphism is also discussed.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Marion Delacoux des Roseaux, Shengjing Shi, Aoife M. Duff, Fiona P. Brennan, Leo Condron, John A. Finn, Karl G. Richards, Maureen O'Callaghan, Tim J. Clough
Summary: Multispecies grasslands can alter nitrogen cycling processes and affect dry matter yields, plant N uptake, soil N2O emissions, and genes encoding nitrifier and denitrifier N transformations. Urine application significantly increased dry matter yields and plant N uptake, but had minimal effect on soil inorganic-N concentrations.
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Syaliny Ganasamurthy, David Rex, Md Sainur Samad, Karl G. Richards, Gary J. Lanigan, Gwen-Aelle Grelet, Timothy J. Clough, Sergio E. Morales
Summary: Urea triggers shifts in soil microbial communities by selecting for fast-growing microbial groups and reducing overall diversity. The addition of inhibitors can recover lost diversity and decrease N2O emissions. Fungi play a significant role in N2O emissions, with dominant fungal populations consistently replaced at different stages of succession.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Amanuel W. Gebremichael, Niharika Rahman, Dominika J. Krol, Patrick J. Forrestal, Gary J. Lanigan, Karl G. Richards
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different N-P-K compound fertilisers on N2O emissions, yield, and NUE in temperate grassland. Results suggest that ammonium-based compound fertilisers have the potential to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining yields. Further long-term studies are needed to fully understand the variations in N2O emissions from nitrate and ammonium-based compound fertiliser applications.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Bernardino Machado-Moreira, Karl Richards, Florence Abram, Fiona Brennan, Michael Gaffney, Catherine M. Burgess
Summary: This study found that both E. coli and L. innocua strains can persist on lettuce plants for up to 28 days after contamination, and in water for up to 28 days. This highlights the importance of ensuring high quality irrigation water to prevent multiple plant contamination events.
Article
Agronomy
R. M. Murphy, K. G. Richards, D. J. Krol, A. W. Gebremichael, L. Lopez-Sangil, J. Rambaud, N. Cowan, G. J. Lanigan, M. Saunders
Summary: This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions using both static chambers (CH) and eddy covariance (EC) techniques. It finds that hotspots and hot moments of N2O emissions are sensitive to changes in agricultural management and weather, making accurate quantification difficult. The study also suggests that Bayesian statistics are an appropriate method for estimating realistic means and ranges of uncertainty for CH flux datasets.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Rachael M. Murphy, Matthew Saunders, Karl G. Richards, Dominika J. Krol, Amanuel W. Gebremichael, James Rambaud, Nicholas Cowan, Gary J. Lanigan
Summary: This study quantified field scale N2O emissions from grazed pastures under rotational grazing management using eddy covariance (EC) and static chamber techniques. The results showed that the EC technique was more accurate in quantifying N2O emissions, while static chamber measurements had higher uncertainty due to small chamber sample size per treatment and highly variable N2O flux measurements over space and time. Nitrous oxide emissions from grazing were mainly derived from animal excreta, highlighting the importance of considering different nitrogen sources when quantifying N2O-N losses.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Fiona C. Anderson, Timothy J. Clough, Leo M. Condron, Karl G. Richards, Camille Rousset
Summary: This study examined the influence of phosphorus (P) fertility on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazed pasture systems. The researchers found that increasing P fertility enhanced soil microbial biomass P, leading to increased N2O emissions. However, the emissions were primarily driven by nitrate additions, with relatively small contributions from denitrification. Glucose addition further increased N2O emissions, and the addition of P fertiliser increased emission factors, suggesting that N2O emissions will increase with P fertilisation if carbon limitation is overcome.
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rajat Nag, Lauren Russell, Stephen Nolan, Agathe Auer, Bryan K. Markey, Paul Whyte, Vincent O'Flaherty, Declan Bolton, Owen Fenton, Karl G. Richards, Enda Cummins
Summary: Farmyard manure and slurry, as well as anaerobic digestate, are valuable soil conditioners providing essential nutrients for plant growth, but they may also pose microbial health risks to humans. A quantitative microbial risk assessment model was developed to investigate potential human exposure to pathogens post-application, revealing low risk probabilities in most scenarios.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
C. Deveautour, P. A. Rojas-Pinzon, M. Veloso, J. Rambaud, A. M. Duff, D. Wall, R. Carolan, L. Philippot, K. G. Richards, V O'Flaherty, F. Brennan
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of abiotic and biotic factors on potential denitrification and identified soil physico-chemical properties and prokaryotic community composition as key factors in predicting potential denitrification. Soil phosphorus content was equally important in predicting potential denitrification.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eoin McAleer, Catherine Coxon, Per-Erik Mellander, Jim Grant, Karl Richards
Summary: This study examines the environmental loss of nitrogen in agricultural landscapes and its consequences, and investigates the effectiveness of mitigation strategies to control nitrate contamination. The research finds that agronomic, meteorological, and hydrogeological factors significantly affect nitrate concentrations in groundwater and streams, emphasizing the need to minimize nitrogen applications in areas with high risk.
Article
Soil Science
Rosie Mary O'Neill, Amanuel Woldeselassie Gebremichael, Gary J. Lanigan, Florence Renou-Wilson, Christoph Mueller, Karl G. Richards
Summary: The effect of long-term soil phosphorus on in situ nitrous oxide emissions from temperate grassland soil ecosystems is investigated in this study. It is found that low soil phosphorus significantly increases nitrous oxide emissions, inhibits nitrogen uptake, and affects the response to nitrogen fertilizers. Optimizing soil phosphorus levels can reduce nitrous oxide emissions and improve nitrogen use efficiency.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Conor J. Bracken, Gary J. Lanigan, Karl G. Richards, Christoph Mueller, Saoirse R. Tracy, Paul N. C. Murphy
Summary: Multispecies pastures can maintain high yields and reduce harmful nitrogen losses, but our understanding of these processes is limited.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Mary A. Harty, Kevin P. McDonnell, Rebecca Whetton, Gary Gillespie, James I. Burke
Summary: The development of novel methods to reduce NH3 volatilization losses is an important research focus to mitigate the environmental impact of agriculture. The European Union is implementing regulations that mandate a 30% reduction in NH3 emissions from urea fertilizers by 2030. This paper presents the results of an experiment comparing the volatilization rates of different fertilizers and discusses the potential benefits of NutriSphere-N (R).
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aishwarya Ray, Patrick Forrestal, Chikere Nkwonta, Niharika Rahman, Pilar Byrne, Martin Danaher, Karl Richards, Sean Hogan, Enda Cummins
Summary: NBPT is an efficient urease inhibitor that can reduce ammonia loss from urea fertiliser. Its use not only helps address environmental issues such as soil acidification, eutrophication, and global warming, but also benefits farmers by reducing reliance on expensive nitrate fertiliser. The present study concludes that NBPT presents negligible risk to human health under the studied conditions.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Sarah Buckingham, Cairistiona F. E. Topp, Pete Smith, Vera Eory, David R. Chadwick, Christina K. Baxter, Joanna M. Cloy, Shaun Connolly, Emily C. Cooledge, Nicholas J. Cowan, Julia Drewer, Colm Duffy, Naomi J. Fox, Asma Jebari, Becky Jenkins, Dominika J. Krol, Karina A. Marsden, Graham A. Mcauliffe, Steven J. Morrison, Vincent O'Flaherty, Rachael Ramsey, Karl G. Richards, Rainer Roehe, Jo Smith, Kate Smith, Taro Takahashi, Rachel E. Thorman, John Williams, Jeremy Wiltshire, Robert M. Rees
Summary: Agriculture plays a vital role in providing food and maintaining food security, but it also contributes significantly to greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions. Efforts are needed to reduce these emissions and achieve climate change mitigation goals.
FRONTIERS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
C. Beraud, F. Piola, J. Gervaix, G. Meiffren, C. Creuze des Chatelliers, A. Delort, C. Boisselet, S. Poussineau, E. Lacroix, A. A. M. Cantarel
Summary: This study investigated the soil factors influencing the development of biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) and found that initial soil moisture, ammonium concentration, and the initial abundance of certain microbial genes play significant roles in BDI development. Additionally, the research highlighted the relevance of biotic factors in explaining BDI and proposed the use of procyanidin concentration from plant belowground system as a new proxy for measuring BDI intensity.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Yizhu Qiao, Tingting Wang, Qiwei Huang, Hanyue Guo, He Zhang, Qicheng Xu, Qirong Shen, Ning Ling
Summary: Soil microbial community coalescence, the mixing and interaction of microbial communities, has been found to enhance the stability and complexity of rhizobacterial networks, leading to improved plant health and biomass. This study investigated the effects of different degrees of bacterial community coalescence on plant disease resistance by mixing soils from healthy and diseased habitats for watermelon planting. The results showed that mixing in more healthy soil reduced the plant disease index and increased biomass by improving the stability and complexity of the rhizobacterial network. Core taxa Nitrospirillum and Singulisphaera were enriched in the rhizosphere from healthy soils and played important roles in disease suppression and regulating the positive cohesion and modularity of the networks. Overall, these findings provide insights into the potential mechanism of microbial community coalescence for improving plant microbial community function and suggest new tools for enhancing plant fitness via soil microbiota mixing.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Mengqiu He, Shending Chen, Lei Meng, Xiaoqian Dan, Wenjie Wang, Qinying Zhu, Zucong Cai, Jinbo Zhang, Pierfrancesco Nardi, Christoph Mueller
Summary: Maize genotypes directly affect gene expression and nitrogen uptake capacity. The feedback between maize genotypes and soil nitrogen transformations, as well as their regulations on nitrogen uptake capacity, have been studied. The findings suggest that maize genotypes play a central role in regulating these feedbacks, which are important for maize breeding and enhancing maize production.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Ke Shi, Jiahui Liao, Xiaoming Zou, Han Y. H. Chen, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Zhengming Yan, Tingting Ren, Honghua Ruan
Summary: Through rewilding, microbial extracellular and cellular residues can continuously accumulate in soils and significantly contribute to soil organic carbon sequestration. Extracellular residues are mainly driven by fine root biomass, while cellular residues are mainly driven by soil nitrogen and organic carbon content.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Sensen Chen, Ying Teng, Yongming Luo, Eiko Kuramae, Wenjie Ren
Summary: This study comprehensively assesses the effects of NMs on the soil microbiome through a global meta-analysis. The results reveal significant negative impacts of NMs on soil microbial diversity, biomass, activity, and function. Metal NMs, especially Ag NMs, have the most pronounced negative effects on various soil microbial community metrics.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Shareen K. D. Sanders, Gerard Martinez-De Leon, Ludovico Formenti, Madhav P. Thakur
Summary: Collembolans, the diverse group of soil invertebrates, are affected by anthropogenic climate warming, which alters their diversity and density. In addition to abiotic stressors, changes in food availability, specifically the abundance of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, influence Collembola responses to climate warming. Collembolans prefer saprotrophic fungi but rely on mycorrhizal fungi when food sources are scarce. Understanding the mechanisms behind these dietary shifts in warm-dry and warm-wet soil conditions is crucial for predicting the impact of climate change on Collembola-fungal interactions.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Wimonsiri Pingthaisong, Sergey Blagodatsky, Patma Vityakon, Georg Cadisch
Summary: A study found that mixing high-C/N ratio rice straw with low-C/N ratio groundnut stover can improve the chemical composition of the input, stimulate microbial growth, decrease the loss of residue-derived carbon in the soil, and reduce native soil carbon and nitrogen consumption.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Jiachen Wang, Jie Zhao, Rong Yang, Xin Liu, Xuyuan Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyong Chen, Wende Yan, Kelin Wang
Summary: Nitrogen is vital for ecosystem productivity, restoration, and succession processes. This study found that legume intercropping was more effective than chemical nitrogen fertilizers in promoting the complexity and stability of the soil micro-food web, as it increased microbial and nematode communities and enhanced energy flow patterns.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)