Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Gabriel Schreiner, Constantin Romanescu, Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
Summary: This article reviews the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, emphasizing the importance of neurovascular unit damage in MS onset and progression, as well as the impact of BBB cell alterations and immune cell penetration into the central nervous system on MS pathology.
Review
Cell Biology
Prashanth Punyakoti, Tapan Behl, Aayush Sehgal, Shivam Yadav, Monika Sachdeva, Md. Khalid Anwer, Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz, Thangavel Venkatachalam, Maaz Naqvi, Raman Verma, Hardeep Singh Tuli
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and its pathology is known. However, it is challenging to restore or prevent the progression of neurodegeneration and symptoms. Previous studies have explored antibody and small molecule-based approaches individually, but the combination of these two methods has not been attempted. This review discusses the potential mechanism of antibody-drug conjugates in mitigating Alzheimer's disease.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sehwan Kim, Chanchal Sharma, Un Ju Jung, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: The blood-brain barrier regulates the entry of harmful substances into the brain and its impairment leads to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. Blood-borne proteins, such as prothrombin and fibrinogen, infiltrate the brain, activate microglia, and exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses. Identifying these proteins and understanding the mechanisms of microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation can provide therapeutic strategies for AD prevention.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niti Sharma, Mario A. Tan, Seong Soo A. An
Summary: Phytosterols, a class of natural products, are crucial components in diet and have various applications in foods, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. Stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol are common types of phytosterols with significant activities related to neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review provides an overview of research on selected phytosterols associated with neurodegenerative diseases, covering major phytosterols and their biological activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Aragon-Gonzalez, Pamela J. Shaw, Laura Ferraiuolo
Summary: This review provides a detailed explanation of the importance of maintaining a healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB) for disease prevention and the main pathomechanisms affecting BBB function. Barrier disruption is a common feature in both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Potential therapies based on the BBB properties, such as molecular Trojan horses, and innovative treatments like stem cell therapies are being reviewed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeanette A. M. Maier, Laura Locatelli, Giorgia Fedele, Alessandra Cazzaniga, Andre Mazur
Summary: Magnesium plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and maintaining tissue homeostasis, including the brain. It is essential for nerve signal transmission and protecting the blood-brain barrier. Deficiency in magnesium can lead to systemic low-grade inflammation, which is common in various diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides evidence linking magnesium imbalance to multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shaina L. Rosenblum, Daniel J. Kosman
Summary: Inflammatory stress can alter the cellular and paracellular flux of iron at the blood-brain barrier, leading to an accumulation of iron outside the brain. This may play a significant role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anuska V. Andjelkovic, Muyu Situ, Ali Francisco Citalan-Madrid, Svetlana M. Stamatovic, Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep
Summary: Cerebral endothelial cells and their tight junctions form the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a unique, dynamic, and multi-functional interface. This review focuses on the changes in BBB and the neurovascular unit in normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and vascular dementia. Evidence suggests that BBB dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and its potential as a therapeutic target, including enhancing drug delivery, clearance of neurotoxic compounds, and preventing BBB dysfunction, are discussed. The need for novel biomarkers of BBB dysfunction is also addressed.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alla B. Salmina, Ekaterina V. Kharitonova, Yana V. Gorina, Elena A. Teplyashina, Natalia A. Malinovskaya, Elena D. Khilazheva, Angelina I. Mosyagina, Andrey V. Morgun, Anton N. Shuvaev, Vladimir V. Salmin, Olga L. Lopatina, Yulia K. Komleva
Summary: The pathophysiology of chronic neurodegeneration is complex and involves aberrant signal transduction, imbalance in excitation/inhibition, excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and other mechanisms leading to dramatic alterations in the neurovascular unit and blood-brain barrier. In Alzheimer's disease, mitochondria are targeted for amyloid-induced neurodegeneration, affecting NVU metabolic coupling and BBB integrity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Atsuko Katsumoto, Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran, Shane M. Bemiller, Guixiang Xu, Richard M. Ransohoff, Bruce T. Lamb
Summary: This study found that traumatic brain injury promotes Alzheimer's disease-like pathological features and that deficiency of TREM2 accelerates inflammation and neurodegeneration, leading to brain damage and impaired neurological function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mugdha Agarwal, Mohammad Rizwan Alam, Mohd Kabir Haider, Md. Zubbair Malik, Dae-Kwang Kim
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a progressively fatal neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms like memory and cognition decline, and there is currently no cure available in the market. The major hurdles in finding a cure for Alzheimer's are the complexity of the disease pathogenesis and the inefficiency in drug delivery methods targeted for AD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alla B. Salmina, Yuliya K. Komleva, Nataliya A. Malinovskaya, Andrey V. Morgun, Elena A. Teplyashina, Olga L. Lopatina, Yana V. Gorina, Ekaterina V. Kharitonova, Elena D. Khilazheva, Anton N. Shuvaev
Summary: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential structural and functional component of the neurovascular unit (NVU), involved in maintaining brain tissue metabolism control, adequate blood flow, and regulation of neuroplasticity. Current models of BBB and NVU have expanded research capabilities, but unresolved issues remain, highlighting the need for more research on the mechanisms of BBB and NVU damage.
BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cristina Parrado-Fernandez, Valerio Leoni, Ahmed Saeed, Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Anna Sandebring-Matton, Carmen M. Cordoba-Beldad, Paula Bueno, Chaitanya Chakravarthi Gali, Ute Panzenboeck, Angel Cedazo-Minguez, Ingemar Bjorkhem
Summary: The study found higher correlation between CSF levels of 27OH and QAlb in males, and higher correlation between females with 7HOCA. No significant sex differences were found in the expression of CYP7B1 mRNA in brain autopsy samples. There was a correlation between plasma levels of 27OH and QAlb, but no support for the hypothesis that plasma levels of 27OH have a disruptive effect on the BBB.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sorabh Sharma, Craig E. Brown
Summary: This review discusses the relationship between microvascular dysfunction caused by type 1 diabetes and cognitive impairment, aiming to synthesize the current knowledge in this field.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Claudia M. Guerra-Vazquez, Mariana Martinez-Avila, Daniel Guajardo-Flores, Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
Summary: Punicic acid, a bioactive compound found in pomegranate seed oil, has strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. It can reduce oxidative damage and inflammation, increase the expression of certain proteins, and enhance antioxidant activity. Punicic acid shows promise in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.