Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kevin Treb, Jeff Radtke, Wesley S. Culberson, Ke Li
Summary: In photon counting detectors, the accumulation of electric pulses induced by multiple x-ray photons can lead to count losses. This study introduces an inexpensive readout circuit element to collect time-integrated charge to correct for pile-up-induced count losses. Experimental results demonstrate that this correction method can restore the count accuracy of paralyzable photon counting detectors, without impacting the spatial resolution of the images.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuya Guo, Jingrou Tan, Hengbin Zhang, Jinguang Wang, Tianhao Ji, Labao Zhang, Xiaolong Hu, Jian Chen, Jun Xie, Kai Zou, Yun Meng, Xiaomin Bei, Ling-An Wu, Qi Chen, Hao Wang, Xuecou Tu, Xiaoqing Jia, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Lin Kang, Peiheng Wu
Summary: This study reports a free-running X-ray single-photon detector with a timing resolution of 20 ps and demonstrates a precision of 0.87 ps in the arrival-time difference of X-ray photon measurements.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lulu Liu, Weijun Li, Xiaopeng Feng, Chunjie Guo, Huimao Zhang, Haotong Wei, Bai Yang
Summary: Metal halide perovskite scintillators have high quantum yields and great potential in indirect ionizing radiation detection. However, the afterglow phenomenon limits their fast development. A new type of hybrid X-ray detector wafer, combining direct methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) semiconductor and indirect cesium copper iodide (Cs3Cu2I5) scintillator, reduces the device response time to X-rays and improves the detection capability. The hybrid wafer also demonstrates improved operation stability.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Martin Urban, Ondrej Nentvich, Lukas Marek, David Hladik, Rene Hudec, Ladislav Sieger
Summary: The Timepix3 is a hybrid pixelated radiation detector that can mitigate the impact of temperature variations on energy spectrum, achieving accurate energy measurements.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Martin Urban, Ondrej Nentvich, Lukas Marek, Rene Hudec, Ladislav Sieger
Summary: This paper studies the possibility of energy measurement with Timepix3 equipped with a 500 μm thick silicon sensor and MiniPIX readout interface in temperatures ranging from 10°C to 70°C. Experimental results show that temperature change can cause a maximum deviation of -30% in energy measurement. An original compensation method is proposed to reduce the relative measurement error to less than 1%.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Wen Zhang, Hui Sun, Zheng Tang, Cheng Wang, Huaipu Zhu, Qianfa Su, Tixian Zeng, Dingyu Yang, Xinghua Zhu, Shibin Zhou
Summary: An amorphous state ensures the uniformity of material and device, benefiting large-area electronic devices and X-ray detectors. The PbO-Ga2O3 system materials with high atomic number have high X-ray absorption coefficients and low dark current, making them potential candidates for X-ray detector development.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hiroyuki Fukushima, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, single crystals of Pr:SrLu2O4 with different doping concentrations were synthesized, and it was found that Pr:SrLu2O4 exhibited broad and sharp luminescence peaks and fast decay time constant. Under 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation, 0.1% Pr:SrLu2O4 showed the highest photoabsorption and luminescence performance.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lei Pan, Yihui He, Vladislav V. Klepov, Michael C. De Siena, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
Summary: This study reports the performance of CsPbBr3 single-crystal semiconductor detectors capable of resolving the energies of single X-ray photons. By fine-tuning the working conditions, the detector demonstrates a high count rate for X-ray photon counting and exhibits low polarization over a typical timescale of multiple clinical X-ray scans. This demonstrates the potential of CsPbBr3 detectors for X-ray photon-counting applications in medical and industrial diagnostics, with lower cost compared to current state-of-the-art detectors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Optics
William K. Peters, Travis Jones, Anatoly Efimov, Emanuele Pedersoli, Laura Foglia, Riccardo Mincigrucci, Ivaylo Nikolov, Rick Trebino, Miltcho B. Danailov, Flavio Capotondi, Filippo Bencivenga, Pamela Bowlan
Summary: Recent advances in ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray light sources have provided direct access to fundamental time and length scales for biology, chemistry, and materials physics. However, measuring such light pulses is challenging due to the need for femtosecond time resolution at difficult-to-detect wavelengths. By utilizing a novel version of frequency resolved optical gating, single-shot, complete field measurements have been demonstrated, offering new possibilities for research in various fields.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hongyu Song, Ke Tao, Rui Jia, Wei Li, Bolong Wang, Longjie Wang, Jiwu Zhu, Wei Luo, Shuai Jiang, Xing Li
Summary: This paper presents the application of (doped) poly-Si/SiOx in heterojunction silicon pixel x-ray detectors. The results show that pixel x-ray detectors have better performance when using a thinner silicon substrate.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Sarah Aubert, Ian A. Cunningham, Jesse Tanguay
Summary: This paper evaluates the theoretical image quality of energy-resolved x-ray angiography (ERA) and compares it with digital-subtraction angiography (DSA) as a gold standard. The results show that using iodine contrast agents for three-material decomposition in ERA requires significantly more x-ray exposure compared to DSA, while using gadolinium contrast agents for three-material decomposition and suppressing soft tissue with two-material decomposition can provide similar or lower image quality compared to DSA.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lei Pan, Indra Raj Pandey, Antonino Miceli, Vladislav V. Klepov, Duck Young Chung, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
Summary: A perovskite CsPbBr3 single-crystal detector capable of operating at high X-ray fluxes is reported. The detector shows good performance in terms of gamma-ray energy resolution, dark current, photocurrent linearity, and reproducibility at different X-ray energy levels. It is anticipated that CsPbBr3 detectors will have wide application in high-flux X-ray detection.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Emily Y. Cai, Christian De Caro, Kevin Treb, Ke Li
Summary: Existing dual-layer flat panel detectors (DL-FPDs) use a thin scintillator layer to detect low-energy x-rays and a thicker scintillator layer to detect high-energy x-rays. However, the total x-ray absorption for single-energy imaging is unsatisfactory due to the permanent Cu filter. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of using a removable filter material in DL-FPDs for both single-energy and dual-energy imaging applications.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Xiangshun Geng, Hainan Zhang, Jun Ren, Peiyi He, Peigen Zhang, Qixin Feng, Kai Pan, Guanhua Dun, Fangwei Wang, Xinran Zheng, He Tian, Dan Xie, Yi Yang, Tian-Ling Ren
Summary: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites show unprecedented advantages for x-ray photon detection. Controlling the temperature gradient during synthesis can effectively improve crystal quality and lead to higher detection sensitivity. This work presents a strategy to construct high-performance direct x-ray detectors.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianding Xu, Xiao-Dong Wang, Eric M. Dufresne, Yang Ren, Qingping Cao, Dongxian Zhang, Jian-Zhong Jiang
Summary: Anomalous fast atomic dynamics were discovered in a metallic glass with good glass forming ability, mainly attributed to the increased mobility of Cu atoms by Ag addition, leading to the formation of structural heterogeneity at the atomic level.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Y. Sugiyama, J. K. Ahn, S. Banno, B. Beckford, M. Campbell, S. H. Chen, J. Comfort, Y. T. Duh, T. Hineno, M. Hutcheson, E. Iwai, I Kamiji, N. Kawasaki, E. J. Kim, J. L. Kim, Y. J. Kim, J. W. Ko, T. K. Komatsubara, A. S. Kurilin, J. W. Lee, S. K. Lee, G. Y. Lim, C. Lin, Q. Lin, Y. Luo, J. Ma, Y. Maeda, T. Masuda, T. Matsumura, D. Mcfarland, R. Murayama, D. Naito, K. Nakagiri, Y. Nakaya, H. Nanjo, T. Nomura, Y. Odani, J. C. Redeker, Y. D. Ri, N. Sasao, K. Sato, S. Seki, T. Shimogawa, T. Shinkawa, S. Shinohara, K. Shiomi, S. Su, S. Suzuki, Y. Tajima, G. Takahashi, Y. Takashima, M. Tecchio, M. Togawa, Y. C. Tung, Y. W. Wah, H. Watanabe, N. Whallon, J. K. Woo, J. Xu, T. Yamanaka, Y. Yanagida, H. Y. Yoshida, H. Yoshimoto
Summary: A pulse shape difference was observed between photons and neutrons in the scintillation light output signals of the un-doped CsI calorimeter in the KOTO experiment. A discrimination method was developed to reject neutron-induced signals while accepting photon-induced signals in a specific energy range. This method effectively rejected a significant portion of neutron-induced events while maintaining a high identification rate for photon-induced events.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Takahiko Masuda, Tsukasa Watanabe, Kjeld Beeks, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Takahiro Hiraki, Hiroyuki Kaino, Shinji Kitao, Yuki Miyamoto, Koichi Okai, Noboru Sasao, Makoto Seto, Thorsten Schumm, Yudai Shigekawa, Kenji Tamasaku, Satoshi Uetake, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka Yoda, Akihiro Yoshimi, Koji Yoshimura
Summary: This paper presents an absolute X-ray photon energy measurement method using a Bond diffractometer, which enables prompt and rapid in situ measurement of photon energies. The system's performance was evaluated by measuring the energy of the first excited state of potassium-40 nuclide, achieving a higher accuracy than previous measurements.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2021)
Article
Optics
Akihiro Yoshimi, Minoru Tanaka, Motohiko Yoshimura
Summary: This study explores the possibility of measuring deviation from the exponential decay law in pure quantum systems. It is found that electron tunneling from resonance state confined in man-made atoms, quantum dots, has a good chance of detecting the deviation and testing theoretical predictions. The preparation of the initial unstable state greatly influences the time profile of the decay law.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
K. Abe, Y. Haga, Y. Hayato, K. Hiraide, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, S. Imaizumi, K. Iyogi, J. Kameda, Y. Kanemura, Y. Kataoka, Y. Kato, Y. Kishimoto, S. Miki, S. Mine, M. Miura, T. Mochizuki, S. Moriyama, Y. Nagao, M. Nakahata, T. Nakajima, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Okada, K. Okamoto, A. Orii, K. Sato, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Sonoda, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takemoto, A. Takenaka, H. Tanaka, S. Tasaka, T. Tomura, K. Ueno, S. Watanabe, T. Yano, T. Yokozawa, S. Han, T. Irvine, T. Kajita, I Kametani, K. Kaneyuki, K. P. Lee, T. McLachlan, K. Okumura, E. Richard, T. Tashiro, R. Wang, J. Xia, G. D. Megias, D. Bravo-Berguno, L. Labarga, B. Zaldivar, M. Goldhaber, F. D. M. Blaszczyk, J. Gustafson, C. Kachulis, E. Kearns, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, S. Sussman, L. Wan, T. Wester, B. W. Pointon, J. Bian, G. Carminati, M. Elnimr, N. J. Griskevich, W. R. Kropp, S. Locke, A. Renshaw, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, V Takhistov, P. Weatherly, K. S. Ganezer, B. L. Hartfiel, J. Hill, W. E. Keig, N. Hong, J. Y. Kim, I. T. Lim, R. G. Park, T. Akiri, B. Bodur, A. Himmel, Z. Li, E. O'Sullivan, K. Scholberg, C. W. Walter, T. Wongjirad, L. Bernard, A. Coffani, O. Drapier, S. El Hedri, A. Giampaolo, J. Imber, Th A. Mueller, P. Paganini, B. Quilain, T. Ishizuka, T. Nakamura, J. S. Jang, K. Choi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, S. N. Smith, J. Amey, L. H. Anthony, R. P. Litchfield, W. Y. Ma, D. Marin, A. A. Sztuc, Y. Uchida, M. O. Wascko, V Berardi, M. G. Catanesi, R. A. Intonti, E. Radicioni, N. F. Calabria, G. De Rosa, L. N. Machado, G. Collazuol, F. Iacob, M. Lamoureux, N. Ospina, L. Ludovici, M. Gonin, G. Pronost, Y. Maekawa, Y. Nishimura, S. Cao, M. Friend, T. Hasegawa, T. Ishida, T. Ishii, M. Jakkapu, T. Kobayashi, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakamura, Y. Oyama, K. Sakashita, T. Sekiguchi, T. Tsukamoto, T. Boschi, F. Di Lodovico, J. Migenda, S. Molina Sedgwick, M. Taani, S. Zsoldos, K. E. Abe, M. Hasegawa, Y. Isobe, Y. Kotsar, H. Miyabe, H. Ozaki, T. Shiozawa, T. Sugimoto, A. T. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, S. Yamamoto, A. Ali, Y. Ashida, C. Bronner, J. Feng, T. Hayashino, T. Hiraki, S. Hirota, K. Huang, M. Jiang, T. Kikawa, M. Mori, A. Murakami, Ke Nakamura, T. Nakaya, N. D. Patel, K. Suzuki, S. Takahashi, K. Tateishi, R. A. Wendell, K. Yasutome, P. Fernandez, N. McCauley, P. Mehta, A. Pritchard, K. M. Tsui, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, H. Menjo, G. Mitsuka, M. Murase, F. Muto, T. Niwa, T. Suzuki, M. Tsukada, K. Frankiewicz, P. Mijakowski, J. Hignight, J. Jiang, C. K. Jung, X. Li, J. L. Palomino, G. Santucci, C. Vilela, M. J. Wilking, C. Yanagisawa, D. Fukuda, K. Hagiwara, M. Harada, T. Horai, H. Ishino, S. Ito, T. Kayano, A. Kibayashi, H. Kitagawa, Y. Koshio, W. Ma, T. Mori, H. Nagata, N. Piplani, S. Sakai, M. Sakuda, Y. Takahira, C. Xu, R. Yamaguchi, Y. Kuno, G. Barr, D. Barrow, L. Cook, A. Goldsack, S. Samani, C. Simpson, D. Wark, F. Nova, R. Tacik, J. Y. Yang, A. Cole, S. J. Jenkins, M. Malek, J. M. McElwee, O. Stone, M. D. Thiesse, L. F. Thompson, H. Okazawa, Y. Choi, S. B. Kim, I Yu, A. K. Ichikawa, K. Nakamura, K. Ito, K. Nishijima, R. G. Calland, P. de Perio, K. Martens, M. Murdoch, M. R. Vagins, M. Koshiba, Y. Totsuka, K. Iwamoto, Y. Nakajima, N. Ogawa, Y. Suda, M. Yokoyama, D. Hamabe, S. Izumiyama, M. Kuze, Y. Okajima, M. Tanaka, T. Yoshida, M. Inomoto, M. Ishitsuka, H. Ito, R. Matsumoto, K. Ohta, M. Shinoki, J. F. Martin, C. M. Nantais, H. A. Tanaka, T. Towstego, R. Akutsu, M. Hartz, A. Konaka, N. W. Prouse, S. Chen, B. D. Xu, Y. Zhang, S. Berkman, S. Tobayama, K. Connolly, R. J. Wilkes, M. Posiadala-Zezula, D. Hadley, B. Richards, B. Jamieson, J. Walker, Ll Marti, A. Minamino, K. Okamoto, G. Pintaudi, S. Sano, R. Sasaki
Summary: In this paper, the development of neutron-tagging techniques in Super-Kamiokande IV using a neural network analysis is presented. The detection efficiency of neutron capture on hydrogen is estimated to be 26%, with a mis-tag rate of 0.016 per neutrino event. The uncertainty of the tagging efficiency is estimated to be 9.0%. Measurement of the tagging efficiency with data from an Americium-Beryllium calibration agrees with this value within 10%. The neutron tagging procedure successfully identified a large number of neutrons in SK-IV atmospheric neutrino data and measured the neutron capture lifetime as 218 +/- 9 mu s.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
C. Zhang, T. Hiraki, K. Ishida, S. Kamal, S. Kamioka, T. Mibe, A. Olin, N. Saito, K. Suzuki, S. Uetake, Y. Mao
Summary: This article simulates the generation of thermal muons through laser ionization of confined muonium in multi-layer silica aerogel structures, and predicts an increase in efficiency compared to single-layer design.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wenshuai Li, Shinya Yamada, Tadashi Hashimoto, Takuma Okumura, Ryota Hayakawa, Kiyofumi Nitta, Oki Sekizawa, Hiroki Suga, Tomoya Uruga, Yuto Ichinohe, Toshiki Sato, Yuichi Toyama, Hirofumi Noda, Tadaaki Isobe, Sayuri Takatori, Takahiro Hiraki, Hideyuki Tatsuno, Nao Kominato, Masaki Ito, Yusuke Sakai, Hajime Omamiuda, Akiko Yamaguchi, Takumi Yomogida, Hikaru Miura, Makoto Nagasawa, Shinji Okada, Yoshio Takahashi
Summary: Accurate determination of Ce valence state is important for (paleo)redox reconstruction, but routine application of Ce L3-edge XANES spectroscopy is often limited by coexisting Ti. This study introduces a semi-quantitative approach using Ce L2-edge XANES spectra and TES to detect weak Ce fluorescence lines in Ti-rich, Ce-dilute geological samples. The results show that Ce L2-edge XANES spectra can provide more reliable information on Ce valence state compared to L3-edge XANES, and TES has higher sensitivity and better energy resolution than SDD for detecting Ce fluorescence X-ray.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A. Hiramoto, T. Masuda, D. G. Ang, C. Meisenhelder, C. Panda, N. Sasao, S. Uetake, X. Wu, D. Demille, J. M. Doyle, G. Gabrielse, K. Yoshimura
Summary: This report presents the design and performance of a large area Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) module for detecting fluorescent light emitted from a volume of approximately 1 liter. The module has been optimized for the ACME III eEDM search, which aims to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics with a similar to 10 TeV energy. The SiPM module, based on a 16-channel array, has been developed and characterized for key operational parameters, showing well-suppressed dark count rate, background light sensitivity, and optical crosstalk that are sufficient for the ACME III application.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Optics
Takahiko Masuda, Ayami Hiramoto, Daniel G. Ang, Cole Meisenhelder, Cristian D. Panda, Noboru Sasao, Satoshi Uetake, Xing Wu, David P. DeMille, John M. Doyle, Gerald Gabrielse, Koji Yoshimura
Summary: The application of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology has expanded due to its better photon detection efficiency compared to traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), especially for weak-light detection at a single photon level. SiPMs with large detection area have recently become commercially available, allowing for low photon flux detection. However, SiPMs have drawbacks such as higher dark count rate, many readout channels, slow response time, and optical crosstalk, which need to be carefully considered. This study presents a compact large-area photon detection module integrated with SiPMs, overcoming these disadvantages and demonstrating higher photon detection efficiency and larger-area acceptance compared to conventional PMTs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuki Miyamoto, Reo Tobaru, Yuiki Takahashi, Ayami Hiramoto, Kana Iwakuni, Susumu Kuma, Katsunari Enomoto, Masaaki Baba
Summary: High-resolution rovibronic spectroscopy for large gas-phase molecules has been limited, but this study shows that buffer-gas cooling can be an effective strategy to obtain high-resolution results. These findings are important for understanding and calculating the quantum properties of large molecules.
COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuki Miyamoto, Reo Tobaru, Yuiki Takahashi, Ayami Hiramoto, Kana Iwakuni, Susumu Kuma, Katsunari Enomoto, Masaaki Baba
Summary: In this study, we present the Doppler-free spectra of buffer-gas-cooled CaOH. These spectra provide a higher resolution than previous spectroscopies and have corrected frequencies with an uncertainty below 10 MHz. The determination of the spin-rotation constant in the ground state agrees with literature values obtained from millimeter-wave data within 1 MHz, suggesting a smaller relative uncertainty. This study demonstrates the applicability of Doppler-free spectroscopy and buffer gas cooling method in molecular spectroscopy, particularly for laser cooling of polyatomic molecules like CaOH.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Optics
Ayami Hiramoto, Masaaki Baba, Katsunari Enomoto, Kana Iwakuni, Susumu Kuma, Yuiki Takahashi, Reo Tobaru, Yuki Miyamoto
Summary: Buffer-gas cooling is a versatile cooling technique used for molecules, with various applications. One of its applications is low-temperature spectroscopy using molecules inside a buffer-gas cell. However, the complex molecular dynamics poses a challenge for precise spectroscopy.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hideaki Hara, Akihiro Yoshimi, Motohiko Yoshimura
Summary: The new detection method using magnetization generated at triggered radiative emission of neutrino pairs aims to determine unknown neutrino properties such as the absolute neutrino masses and Majorana/Dirac distinction. By preparing a coherently excited body of trivalent lanthanoid ions in a transparent dielectric crystal, the method effectively rejects QED origin background noise. The generated magnetic field stored in crystals long after pair emission event allows for precise measurement of neutrino parameters.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Y. Shigekawa, A. Yamaguchi, K. Suzuki, H. Haba, T. Hiraki, H. Kikunaga, T. Masuda, S. Nishimura, N. Sasao, A. Yoshimi, K. Yoshimura
Summary: By performing coincidence measurements between alpha particles and. rays from a U-233 source, we determined the half-lives of excited states in a Th-229 nucleus. Some of the measured half-lives were consistent with literature values, while others showed deviations. Additionally, the radiative half-life of the low-energy isomeric state (Th-229m) was estimated based on the obtained results.
