4.4 Article

Variation in subsurface water temperature and its link to the Kuroshio Current in the Okinawa Trough during the last 38.5 kyr

Journal

QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 452, Issue -, Pages 1-11

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.021

Keywords

East China Sea; Okinawa Trough; Kuroshio; MIS 3; Vertical temperature gradient

Funding

  1. Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant [27-733]
  2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [23221022]
  3. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) in FY
  4. National Museum and Nature and Science
  5. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H02959, 15H02143] Funding Source: KAKEN

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An 820.4-cm long piston core (YK12-15 PC-01) was obtained from site OT-1B (28 degrees 07.150N, 127 degrees 11.97 ' E, 1050 m water depth), located in the middle of the Okinawa Trough in the southern East China Sea (ECS). For core YK12-15 PC-01, oxygen and carbon isotopes (delta O-18 and delta C-13) of planktic foraminifera Globiger-inoides ruber sensu stricto (250-355 mm size fraction) and Globorotalia inflata (> 250 mu m size fraction) together with total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen content (TN), and d13C of organic matter were analyzed for the last 38.5 thousand years (kyr). The delta O-18 records of G. ruber (delta O-18(ruber)) and G. inflata (delta O-18(ruber)) were used to estimate the temperature/salinity of the surface and subsurface waters, respectively. In addition, we estimated the vertical temperature gradient between the surface and the subsurface based on the difference in delta O-18 between G. ruber and G. inflata (Delta delta O-18(ruber-inflata)). The delta O-18(inflata) and Delta delta O-18(ruber-inflata) indicate millennial-scale variations in association with the oscillations in Antarctic temperatures during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. These results suggest that variations in subsurface temperature and vertical temperature gradient in the upper water column in the ECS were closely related to the Atlantic bipolar seesaw during MIS 3. The subsurface temperature in the ECS was higher at the beginning of Greenland stadials when the Antarctic temperatures showed the lowest values. The warming of the subsurface is likely attributed to the stronger Kuroshio transport. High peaks in the TOC and TN records coincide with the low peaks in delta O-18(inflata) (high temperature), suggesting higher primary productivity, which is in good agreement with the interpretation of the intensified Kuroshio. However, the subsurface warming was not recognized during Herinch events, indicating different temperature responses in the upper water column from other stadials. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.

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