Article
Oncology
Sarah Weppler, Harvey Quon, Colleen Schinkel, Adam Yarschenko, Lisa Barbera, Nabhya Harjai, Wendy Smith
Summary: The study aimed to reduce toxicity incidence among head and neck cancer patients through adaptive radiation therapy (ART). Results showed a strong association between patient-reported dysphagia symptoms and the delivered dose to the pharyngeal constrictor.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Kedar Kirtane, Aasha I. Hoogland, Xiaoyin Li, Yvelise Rodriguez, Kelsey Scheel, Brent J. Small, Laura B. Oswald, Jameel Muzaffar, Julie A. Kish, Marcelo Bonomi, Priyanka Bhateja, Nabil F. Saba, Conor E. Steuer, Christine H. Chung, Heather S. L. Jim
Summary: This study examined patient-reported outcomes among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results showed that although toxicity increased over time, overall quality of life improved after 12 weeks of treatment and then remained stable or declined. There were no significant differences in quality of life or toxicity between monotherapy and combination therapy.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Michele Morfouace, Marinka L. F. Hol, Reineke A. Schoot, Olga Slater, Daniel J. Indelicato, Frederic Kolb, Ludwig E. Smeele, Johannes H. M. Merks, Charlene Rae, Heleen Maurice-Stam, Anne F. Klassen, Martha A. Grootenhuis
Summary: This study explored patient-reported outcomes in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) survivors and assessed the relationship between physician grading of adverse events (AE) and patient reporting. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating patient-reported outcome measures in survivorship follow-up, as physician-graded AEs are not sufficient to provide tailored care for HNRMS survivors.
Article
Oncology
Sarah Nicole Hamilton, Eric Tran, Cheryl Ho, Eric Berthelet, Jonn Wu, Kimberly DeVries, Vincent LaPointe, Angela Bowman, Minette Lagman, Robert Olson
Summary: Electronic PRO collection during H&N cancer RT is feasible. H&N cancer patients experience significant symptoms during RT, with the most severe symptoms reported being dysgeusia, pain and mucositis. Oropharynx cancer patients reported the highest symptom scores during RT.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sarah Nicole Hamilton, Nicole Chau, Eric Berthelet, Jonn Wu, Eric Tran, Melanie Chevrier, Victoria Lau, Matthew Chan, Kimberly DeVries, Vincent LaPointe, Robert A. Olson
Summary: This study found that complication rates during head and neck radiotherapy were similar during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic era at our institution, but weight loss was more significant and patients reported more severe coughing/choking while eating.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
N. D. Modi, N. O. Danell, R. N. A. Perry, A. Y. Abuhelwa, A. Rathod, S. Badaoui, R. A. McKinnon, M. Haseloff, A. Shahnam, S. M. Swain, M. Welslau, M. J. Sorich, A. M. Hopkins
Summary: This study examines the prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in advanced breast cancer (BC) and compares their performance with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS). The results show that PROs, particularly patient-reported physical well-being, are independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and grade >= 3 adverse events. Patient-reported physical well-being outperforms ECOG PS in predicting OS and contains additional independent information.
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Joep A. F. van Rooij, Jantien Roubos, Noelle J. M. C. Vrancken Peeters, Bianca F. M. Rijken, Eveline M. L. Corten, Marc A. M. Mureau
Summary: The current literature on reconstruction after head and neck cancer mainly focuses on short-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs), but more knowledge is needed on long-term consequences. A systematic review of 30 studies with 2358 patients revealed that reconstructive surgery generally leads to diminished oral function, worsened by radiotherapy. Patients experience anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence, but there is a progressive decrease in pain over time with some flaps having more favorable health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes. Age and bony tumor involvement are not associated with postoperative HRQoL.
HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica Harman Thompson, Kenneth Faulkner, Christopher Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of major adverse events on patient-reported outcomes during the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). The results showed that there were differences in depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life between patients with and without adverse events before the implantation of LVAD. However, the trajectories of both groups were similar over time, with only differences at the pre-implant time point.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alice Q. Liu, Emily C. Deane, Austin Heffernan, Yunqi Ji, J. Scott Durham, Eitan Prisman
Summary: This study evaluated the morbidity and patient-reported outcome measures of fibular and scapular free flaps for head and neck reconstruction. The results showed that scapular free flaps required longer surgical times but had less early morbidity. Patients who underwent either reconstruction reported mild decisional regret.
Review
Oncology
Adrian Mendez, Jacob G. J. Wihlidal, Dean T. Eurich, Anthony C. Nichols, S. Danielle MacNeil, Hadi R. Seikaly
Summary: Malignancy and treatment effects in head and neck oncology can have devastating impacts on functional aspects of patient life, such as swallowing, speech, dry mouth, and chewing. Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) have become the gold standard for assessing subjective functional outcomes, but few have incorporated extensive patient input in their development process. More efforts are needed to involve head and neck cancer patients in PRO development, particularly in the domains of speech and chewing.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Aaron L. Zebolsky, Neil Patel, Chase M. Heaton, Andrea M. Park, Rahul Seth, P. Daniel Knott
Summary: The study found that after HNC ablation and MFTT, some patients had lower long-term facial appearance satisfaction, mainly affected by the different reconstruction methods used postoperatively and adjuvant therapy. For these patients, appearance-related psychosocial functioning was also impaired, highlighting the importance of addressing aesthetic outcomes in the care of patients with HNC undergoing MFTT.
JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Christopher Nutting, Laura Finneran, Justin Roe, Mark A. Sydenham, Matthew Beasley, Shree Bhide, Cheng Boon, Audrey Cook, Emma De Winton, Marie Emson, Bernadette Foran, Robert Frogley, Imran Petkar, Laura Pettit, Keith Rooney, Tom Roques, Devraj Srinivasan, Justine Tyler, DARS Trialist Grp
Summary: The study found that dysphagia-optimised intensity-modulated radiotherapy (DO-IMRT) improved swallowing function and reduced radiation dose-related damage in patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. Therefore, DO-IMRT should be considered as a new standard treatment for patients receiving radiotherapy for pharyngeal cancers.
Article
Oncology
Felix Sinzabakira, Wilma D. Heemsbergen, Floris J. Pos, Luca Incrocci
Summary: This study evaluated patient-reported acute symptoms during hypofractionation (HF) versus standard fractionated (SF) radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The results showed that patients experienced more severe rectal symptoms and an increase in bladder symptoms during HF compared to SF. However, the symptoms decreased significantly after the acute phase, indicating that HF was well tolerated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Sallie M. Long, Annu Singh, Amy L. Tin, Bridget O'Hara, Marc A. Cohen, Nancy Lee, David G. Pfister, Tony Hung, Richard J. Wong, Andrew J. Vickers, Cherry L. Estilo, Jennifer R. Cracchiolo
Summary: This cross-sectional study found that objective measurements of salivary flow and mouth opening explained only a small fraction of variation in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy. Factors other than objective function, including patient adaptation, were found to be the dominant influence on PROs in this population. The integration of patient-reported outcomes into clinical care and research for head and neck cancer is important. Further research is needed to evaluate clinicopathological factors that influence PROs for salivation, eating and drinking, and eating distress.
JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Maarten C. Dorr, Aniel Sewnaik, Diako Berzenji, Kira S. van Hof, Tim Grevelink, Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong, Marinella P. J. Offerman
Summary: This study aims to use structurally obtained patient-reported outcome data combined with clinical patient data to improve end-of-life care and patient-centered counseling for patients with palliative head and neck cancer. The study found a significant deterioration in various aspects of quality of life, but also an improvement in emotional functioning over time. The results highlight the importance of incorporating both patient-reported outcomes and clinical outcomes in improving patient-centered care.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shelby E. Bollen, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: The role of the vitamin D/VDR axis in myogenesis involves both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. VDR shows dynamic expression during muscle regeneration and may be enriched in satellite cells.
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica Piasecki, Thomas B. Inns, Joseph J. Bass, Reece Scott, Daniel W. Stashuk, Bethan E. Phillips, Philip J. Atherton, Mathew Piasecki
Summary: Masters athletes show successful motor unit remodelling as they age, preserving muscle fibre number and function, with similar patterns observed in both males and females. However, there are differences in motor unit firing rates between sexes, with females exhibiting a slower firing pattern as they age, while males do not show a significant change. This study suggests that neuromuscular function declines with age in masters athletes, with indicators of motor unit remodelling increasing progressively in both sexes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Colleen S. Deane, Isabel A. Ely, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Kenneth Smith, Bethan E. Phillips, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: Dietary protein is crucial for maintaining muscle mass, but muscle protein synthesis in rested state exhibits tachyphylaxis. Besides protein intake, physical activity plays a major role in altering muscle "full" state.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Arash Ardavani, Hariz Aziz, Ken Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips, Iskandar Idris
Summary: Studies suggest that both protein supplementation and exercise training may lead to improved lean body mass retention during very-low-energy diets (VLEDs). However, there is uncertainty regarding the interactions between intervention types due to discordant outcomes reported in the literature and the heterogeneity of exercise modalities in achieving this specific outcome.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katherine L. Ford, Jann Arends, Philip J. Atherton, Marielle P. K. J. Engelen, Thiago J. M. Goncalves, Alessandro Laviano, Dileep N. Lobo, Stuart M. Phillips, Paula Ravasco, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Carla M. Prado
Summary: This opinion paper reviews the potential impact of protein on muscle anabolism in cancer patients. Animal-based proteins offer superior anabolic potential compared to plant-derived proteins. During cancer treatment, animal-based foods should be the majority of protein intake.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sophie L. Mathewson, Adam L. Gordon, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Carolyn A. Greig, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: This study found that habitual dietary intake did not explain the differences in muscle mass and strength parameters between young and older adults, suggesting that there may be other factors contributing to these differences. Larger sample size studies are needed to further investigate these relationships and potentially inform interventions against sarcopenia development.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew Jaconelli, Paul L. Greenhaff, Philip J. Atherton, Dileep N. Lobo, Matthew S. Brook
Summary: Elective abdominal surgery suppresses skeletal muscle protein synthesis but does not affect overall protein synthesis. The surgery leads to significant increases in urinary end-products (urea/ammonia).
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Eleanor J. Jones, Shin-Yi Chiou, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips, Mathew Piasecki
Summary: A motor unit (MU) consists of a neuron cell body, its axon, and the muscle fibers it controls. Age-related reductions in the number of MUs are observed, but MUs can undergo remodeling to rescue denervated muscle fibers. This remodeling process involves axonal sprouting and the formation of structures around the neuromuscular junction, relying on neurotrophins and coordinated signaling. While exercise in older age has shown benefits for skeletal muscle, research in humans on MU remodeling is limited.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Colleen S. Deane, Ushnah S. U. Din, Tanvir S. Sian, Ken Smith, Amanda Gates, Jonathan N. Lund, John P. Williams, Ricardo Rueda, Suzette L. Pereira, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: Acute curcumin supplementation enhances the effect of oral nutritional supplement on microvascular blood flow in healthy older adults, without affecting muscle glucose uptake, vascular function, or blood flow.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carla M. Prado, Francesco Landi, Samuel T. H. Chew, Philip J. Atherton, Jeroen Molinger, Tobias Ruck, Maria Cristina Gonzalez
Summary: Low muscle mass and malnutrition are prevalent conditions in adults regardless of age, body weight, body mass index, or acute or chronic conditions. This article summarizes the latest research on muscle health and malnutrition, their impact on immune function and clinical outcomes. It provides healthcare professionals with a toolkit of illustrations and scientific information to educate patients about the importance of identifying and treating low muscle mass and malnutrition. The article focuses on emerging evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease, as well as the interaction between skeletal muscle and the immune system. The importance of myosteatosis as a component of muscle composition is addressed, along with various methods of muscle mass assessment and nutrition interventions to improve patient outcomes.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Isabel A. Ely, Eleanor J. Jones, Thomas B. Inns, Siobhra Dooley, Sarah B. J. Miller, Daniel W. Stashuk, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips, Mathew Piasecki
Summary: This study found that targeted force accuracy training can improve the accuracy of knee extensor force tracking and reduce the variability of motor unit firing rates. This may be beneficial for older and clinical populations in performing daily activities.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ryan N. Marshall, Benoit Smeuninx, Alex P. Seabright, Paul T. Morgan, Philip J. Atherton, Andrew Philp, Leigh Breen
Summary: In healthy older adults, a 5-day period of bed rest did not result in significant perturbation in muscle mitochondrial protein signaling, and short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation did not affect this situation. Therefore, muscle atrophy induced by disuse may precede alterations in mitochondrial content.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert W. Davies, Marta Kozior, Arthur E. Lynch, Joseph J. Bass, Philip J. Atherton, Ken Smith, Philip M. Jakeman
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding fava bean protein on resting and post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate. The results showed that ingestion of 0.33 g/kg of fava bean protein did not enhance resting or post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate in young, healthy, recreationally active adults.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Imran Ramzan, Arash Ardavani, Froukje Vanweert, Aisling Mellett, Philip J. Atherton, Iskandar Idris
Summary: Recent studies have shown that elevated circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant positive association between BCAA concentrations and the risk of developing T2DM. The findings suggest that BCAAs may serve as potential early biomarkers for T2DM.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hala Fatani, Adina Olaru, Rebecca Stevenson, Waad Alharazi, Ayman Jafer, Philip Atherton, Matthew Brook, Gordon Moran
Summary: There is increasing evidence of higher prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients due to increased muscle atrophy. This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients, investigate its impact on patients, and assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. The review included 35 studies and found that over one third of adult IBD patients have myopenia or pre-sarcopenia, and nearly a fifth have sarcopenia. Myopenic IBD is associated with increased risk of therapy failure, postoperative complications, low bone mineral density (BMD), and potential risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Personalized nutrition plans may improve muscle mass in IBD patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)