Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nasrin Nemati, Magnus Ryden
Summary: The study investigated chemical-looping combustion in a packed-fluidized bed reactor and found that fuel conversion is greatly influenced by oxygen carrier bed height and the type of packing used. Using different types of packing can significantly improve fuel conversion efficiency, with different packings yielding different effects.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Petteri Peltola, Falah Alobaid, Tero Tynjaelae, Jouni Ritvanen
Summary: This article provides a brief review of the modeling of chemical looping combustion (CLC), a next-generation CO2 capture technology, in bubbling and circulating fluidized bed reactors. The article presents a summary of published mathematical reactor models, with a focus on a macroscopic modeling approach that combines transport equations with semiempirical correlations to describe key fluidized bed phenomena. The article highlights important aspects to be considered in the modeling of CLC in a dual fluidized bed reactor system and identifies research needs. So far, semiempirical reactor models have been validated based on experimental results, but there is limited research on dynamic process simulation of CLC.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Gogolev, Toni Pikkarainen, Juho Kauppinen, Carl Linderholm, Britt-Marie Steenari, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of biomass is a promising technology for power generation with integrated carbon capture, but the alkali content of biomass may lead to bed agglomeration and oxygen carrier absorption issues. Studies have shown that gas-phase alkali emissions in CLC operation can be up to 15 times higher than in OCAC operation, mainly due to steam accelerating the decomposition of alkali compounds in the biomass.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Young Mi Chung
Summary: This study introduces a simple analytical model to predict the bed dimension of a continuous FBCVD process, suggesting that the diameter of an FBCVD column needs to be reduced to enhance conversion at a given production rate. To avoid linear expansion of column diameter upon scale-up, it is necessary to increase conversion or superficial velocity of the feed gas, resulting in an increase in bed height.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ratnakumar V. Kappagantula, Gordon D. Ingram, Hari B. Vuthaluru
Summary: Chemical Looping Combustion technologies have the ability to capture carbon dioxide and are modeled using a specialized Fluidized Bed Reactor block in Aspen Plus. Sensitivity studies showed that solid volume fraction decreases with bed height and superficial velocity, while the height to diameter ratio of the fluidized bed is an important variable in reactor design.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cetera Chen, Seng-Rung Wu, Ching-Ti Kao
Summary: This study aimed to develop a fluidized-bed chemical looping system using BOF slag as an oxygen carrier and methane as a fuel to produce heat for the steelmaking process. The experimental results indicated that the methane conversion rate increased with an increase in the methane concentrations and the reaction temperature.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jingchun Yan, Tianxu Shen, Peng Wang, Xianglei Yin, Xiao Zhu, Shouxi Jiang, Laihong Shen
Summary: An innovative fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer was designed to study the performance of oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion processes, revealing that high-grade manganese ore with less silicon content is more suitable for industrial CLC pilots.
Article
Thermodynamics
Junjie Lin, Liyan Sun, Kun Luo, Dali Kong, Jianren Fan
Summary: In this study, three-dimensional simulations were used to investigate the flow behavior and reaction characteristics of a chemical looping combustion system. The numerical models developed in this work can be utilized for system design and scale-up, and the operating temperature and solid inventory have significant effects on system performance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Daewook Kim, Yooseob Won, Byung Wook Hwang, Jae Young Kim, Hana Kim, Yujin Choi, Yu-Ri Lee, Seung-Yong Lee, Sung-Ho Jo, Young Cheol Park, Jeom-In Baek, Hyungseok Nam, Doyeon Lee, Ho -Jung Ryu, Jeong-Hoo Choi
Summary: This study provides a design and operational approach for a loop-seal in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) system. The loop-seal is a non-mechanical valve used to optimize CFB performance and prevent gas mixing between reactors. However, its design and operating guidance have been unclear due to its complex flow characteristics, causing confusion in the overall CFB design and operation. This study experimentally investigates the important elements of loop-seal design and operation, including the conditions for solids flow initiation, the maximum solids flow rate, and quantitative control of solids flow rate. The findings are applicable to a 3 MWth chemical looping combustion (CLC) system.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
C. J. McIntyre, R. W. Hughes, A. Macchi, P. Mehrani
Summary: The hydrodynamics of ilmenite particles in a high pressure cylindrical fluidized bed were modeled using the multiphase particle-in-cell approach. The model was validated against experimental data and showed good agreement for the minimum fluidization velocity at a close pack factor of 0.58. The model accurately represented the trends in bed expansion with fluidization ratio and pressure, but consistently underestimated the values. Bubble size distribution was also predicted by the model, with some deviation from experimental results. The importance of this study lies in its contribution to understanding the hydrodynamics of ilmenite particles in fluidized bed reactors.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Hengjun Gai, Peiyi Yang, Qiang Zhang, Mengqi Lin, Hongbing Song, Meng Xiao, Tingting Huang, Quanhong Zhu
Summary: Circulating fluidized bed reactors are widely used in the energy industry for gas-solid reactions. They can be classified into two categories based on fluidization regimes: dilute-dense and dual-dense. The concept of dual-dense gas-solid circulating fluidization has not been well understood, hindering its commercial application. This review provides a detailed analysis of the dual-dense system, including mechanism, structural and operating parameters, particle circulation prediction, gas-solid flow simulation, and potential applications, while identifying existing controversies and unresolved issues.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qi Hong, Peng Wang, Ziying Chen, Zhen Huang, Laihong Shen, Tao Song
Summary: Red mud shows low reactivity with methane and better reactivity with biomass char. It exhibits stable reactivity during oxygen carrier cycles, but tends to agglomerate during methane fluidized bed experiments.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lennard Lindmueller, Johannes Haus, Arun Ramesh Kumar Nair, Stefan Heinrich
Summary: The study focuses on gas leakage in the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) system, and proposes measures to minimize gas leakage through experiments and analysis. By using CO2 as tracer gas and analyzing pressure conditions, the study reveals the gas leakage between the fuel reactor and the air reactor.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sofiane Benyahia
Summary: This study compares the results of two commonly used computational fluid dynamics methods for simulating fluidized beds with smooth type-A monodisperse particles. The results show that in some cases, the discrete particle method can yield faster and more accurate results compared to the continuum assumption method. However, for more complex cases involving particles with statical properties, the discrete particle method is a better choice for fluidized bed simulations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jia Wei Chew, W. Casey Q. LaMarche, Ray A. Cocco
Summary: As we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the commercialization of the fluidized bed reactor, it is evident that fluidized bed technology has undergone significant advancements in the past century. With the development of sophisticated models, experimentation techniques, and statistical tools, as well as the utilization of computational platforms and AI, the application of fluidized bed technology is expected to become more cost-effective and efficient.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Kaleem, Muzaffar Ali, Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh, Javed Akhtar, Rasikh Tariq, Jaroslaw Krzywanski
Summary: The building sector aims to achieve net-zero emissions by integrating renewable energy technologies, particularly for space cooling and heating. The use of efficient nanofluids, such as metallic and non-metallic oxide nanofluids, in solar thermal concentrating collectors is crucial for improving their performance. This research focuses on the preparation, stability analysis, and characterization of various nanofluid combinations, including multi-wall carbon nanotube with water and ethylene glycol, aluminium oxide with water and ethylene glycol, and magnesium oxide with ethylene glycol. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the nanofluids significantly enhance thermal conductivity and viscosity, leading to increased thermal efficiency of the compound parabolic collector (CPC) system. The results show that MWCNT-H2O nanofluid exhibits the best performance among the tested nanofluid combinations.
Editorial Material
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Karolina Grabowska, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Marcin Sosnowski, Dorian Skrobek
Article
Thermodynamics
J. Krzywanski, D. Skrobek, A. Zylka, K. Grabowska, A. Kulakowska, M. Sosnowski, W. Nowak, A. M. Blanco-Marigorta
Summary: Given that greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater scarcity are major global risks, finding innovative ways to reduce CO2 emissions and increase drinking water production is an important civilizational challenge. This paper explores the use of adsorption cooling and desalination systems powered by low-grade thermal energy, specifically waste heat. By applying fluidized beds and artificial intelligence methods, the study predicts heat and mass transfer within the adsorption bed. Experimental results show good agreement with the developed models, allowing for optimization of the bed's operating strategy.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Asif Nadeem Tabish, Iqra Farhat, Muneeb Irshad, Muhammad Asif Hussain, Muhammad Usman, Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary, Yasser Fouad, Sohaib Raza, Waqar Muhammad Ashraf, Jaroslaw Krzywanski
Summary: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is considered a practical alternative to traditional activated sludge technique in treating domestic and industrial effluents. However, the focus of existing literature has been on developing MFC systems and materials for maximum power output, with insufficient understanding of the fundamental electrochemical characteristics. This experimental study investigates the limitations of the electrochemical process and the potential of bioelectricity generation and dairy effluent treatment using a double-chamber MFC. The results show significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and demonstrate the highest open circuit voltage and maximum power density achieved during the study period.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Iqra Shahid, Ghulam Hussain, Mehwish Anis, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Muhammad Usman, Yasser Fouad, Jaroslaw Krzywanski
Summary: This study evaluates the feasibility of bioethanol production from onion waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, as well as their co-culture fermentation. Optimal process parameters were determined, and different analyses were conducted to measure the bioethanol concentration obtained at various conditions. The results showed that monoculture fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae achieved the highest bioethanol concentration and productivity compared to Pichia pastoris and co-culture fermentation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dorian Skrobek, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Marcin Sosnowski, Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Waqar Muhammad Ashraf, Karolina Grabowska, Anna Zylka, Anna Kulakowska, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained popularity and is being increasingly used by scientists and entrepreneurs. Advances in electronics and computer science have contributed to the development of AI. AI is expanding into various scientific domains such as medicine, economics, management, and the power industry, as it provides intelligent machines to discover new relationships in the world. This article focuses on the practical use of artificial neural networks, discussing their development from 1940 to 2022, important publications, achievements in AI, and potential future directions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska, Adam Gnatowski, Barbara Tora, Krzysztof Kogut, Krzysztof Bytnar, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Dorota Makowska
Summary: This paper presents the importance of waste combustion/co-combustion by conducting tests on fuels of different compositions. The authors analyze the materials and ashes, as well as the mercury content in them, and find that coke waste and sewage sludge have high mercury content. The addition of a polymer to coal fuels reduces mercury emissions in exhaust gases.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Usman, Talha Khan, Fahid Riaz, Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik, Muhammad Tahir Amjad, Muhammad Haris Shah, Waqar Muhammad Ashraf, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: The study examines the influence of acetone-gasoline blend (A10) on lubricant oil deterioration and engine performance. Compared to pure gasoline (G), A10 showed higher brake power and thermal efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and reduced CO, CO2, and HC emissions. However, A10 led to greater oil deterioration, with decreased flash-point, kinematic viscosity, and total base number, and increased metallic particle concentration and decreased performance additives compared to gasoline. The lubricant oil for A10 exhibited higher levels of water molecules and metal particles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wojciech Kalawa, Karol Sztekler, Agata Mlonka-Medrala, Ewelina Radomska, Wojciech Nowak, Lukasz Mika, Tomasz Bujok, Piotr Boruta
Summary: This paper explores the possibility of using fluidized beds in adsorption chillers and presents numerical simulations of their operation. The study also includes simulations of the temperature profiles during the adsorption and desorption processes in a fluidized bed.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Lukasz Lasek, Anna Zylka, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Dorian Skrobek, Karol Sztekler, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: Adsorption technology can utilize low-temperature renewable and waste heat sources for cost-effective and environmentally friendly cooling and water desalination systems. The low COP of existing adsorption refrigerators is caused by poor heat and mass transfer in existing packed bed designs. The solution lies in the use of fluidized bed technology, which enhances heat and mass transfer mechanisms.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anna Kulakowska, Anna Zylka, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Dorian Skrobek, Karolina Grabowska, Marcin Sosnowski, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: The paper introduces an innovative concept of fluidization in an adsorption bed under low-pressure conditions. Various bed mixes were used to test the impact of bed composition on fluidization. Fluidization was induced by pressure difference and the velocity of flowing water vapor. This study is distinctive from previous ones in the literature due to these features and presents a novel approach. The experiment involved fluidization of silica gel (Geldart group B) with aluminum and carbon nanotube additives, under reduced pressure (10-25 mbar). The pressure difference facilitated the flow of water vapor, leading to fluidization. Measurements of pressure, temperature, and mass were conducted during the tests, with the pressure drop in the bed closely linked to changes in the fluidized bed mass.
Article
Thermodynamics
Magdalena Strojny, Pawel Gladysz, Dawid P. Hanak, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: Achieving net zero emissions is a crucial challenge in global climate change policy, which requires reducing fossil fuel use, deploying renewable energy sources, and developing carbon capture technologies. This study compared two CO2 capture retrofits for natural gas combined cycle (NGCC), and found that amine absorption is a mature and commercial technology, while calcium looping is a promising method still in pilot studies. The research also evaluated the energy efficiency penalties and economic profitability of both concepts, as well as the potential for climate change mitigation.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ri Zhang, Shasha Zhang, Mengyan Ding
Summary: A thin liquid film method is proposed to evaluate sand erosion in annular flow. This method considers the direct interaction between the liquid film and gas core, as well as the entrainment and deposition of droplets. The erosion rate is calculated by considering the effects of liquid entrainment and particle velocity decay. The method is fully verified by comparing with experimental data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Suo, Xianheng Su, Wenyuan He, Xiaofei Fu, Zhejun Pan
Summary: This research investigates the mechanical properties of sandstone-shale composite through orthogonal experimental method and discrete element simulation. The results show that different lithologies and thickness ratios can affect the strength and fracture mode of the composite rock samples.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maurizio Troiano, Andrea El Hassanin, Roberto Solimene, Alessia Teresa Silvestri, Fabrizio Scala, Antonino Squillace, Piero Salatino
Summary: This study investigates the potential of Fluidized Bed Finishing (FBF) for square flat AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology. The results show that good finishing can be achieved using rotation-assisted tests, with a maximum reduction of surface roughness by 67%. Steel particles are found to be the most effective bed material.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Ningbo Song, Wanzhong Yin, Jin Yao
Summary: Seawater's dissolved salts and minerals have various effects on the flotation process, including influencing the characteristics and behavior of flotation factors, as well as affecting the surface of sulfide minerals. In most cases, seawater has adverse effects on the flotation of sulfide minerals, but these effects can be mitigated by adjusting the reagents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaiqiao Wu, Shuxian Jiang, Victor Francia, Marc-Olivier Coppens
Summary: In rectangular and cylindrical annular fluidized beds, pulsating gas flow can create regular bubble patterns, overcoming challenges seen in conventional units. This study provides new opportunities for modularization of fluidized bed operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuo Li, Huili Zhang, Jan Baeyens, Miao Yang, Zehao Li, Yimin Deng
Summary: The paper assesses the behavior of cohesive Geldart C-type particles when fluidized by air with the aid of vibration. It determines that mechanical vibration is a simple and effective method to improve the fluidity of cohesive particles during fluidization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenfei Feng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shanpan Liang, Zhenzhou Li, Fangwen Guo, Jinxin Zhang, Ding Yuan
Summary: A new micro/mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) with a combined structure of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators is designed, using Al2O3 nanofluid as the working medium. The study explores the effects of transverse vortex generator shape and longitudinal vortex generator angle on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics, comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. The results show that the triangular transverse vortex generator improves the comprehensive performance and exergy efficiency. Combined with the longitudinal vortex generator, the MCHS achieves the best comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency when the Reynolds number is 742.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kostas Giannis, Christoph Thon, Guoqing Yang, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: This study presents a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology for generating realistic 3D models of particles. The method trains on 2D projections of particle images to predict their 3D shapes, and evaluates the accuracy of the predictions using Fourier shape descriptors (FSDs). This methodology has wide applications in particle shape analysis.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zheng-qing Zhou, Lu-jia Chai, Yu-long Zhang, Ya-bin Wang, Ze-chen Du, Tian-yi Wang, Yu-zhe Liu
Summary: The dynamic oxidation and shell-breaking processes of aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) during heating were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the changes in shell thickness can be divided into three stages, and the active aluminum content of ANP decreased before shell-breaking.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fulei Chen, Huaqing Ma, Zihan Liu, Lianyong Zhou, Yongzhi Zhao
Summary: A particle breakage model based on the particle replacement scheme, using the polyhedral model to describe particles, is proposed in this work to accurately describe the breakage of a large number of particles. Additionally, a fast-cutting algorithm is proposed to reproduce the size distribution of progeny particles determined by the breakage model. The validation and simulation results show satisfactory accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Matteo Errigo, Christopher Windows-Yule, Massimiliano Materazzi, Dominik Werner, Paola Lettieri
Summary: Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems have advantages in terms of chemical reaction efficiency and temperature control, making them widely used in industrial applications. However, the design, scale-up, and optimization of these complex units are limited by the lack of deep physical understanding. Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques provide a way for researchers to study these systems without affecting the flow field or directly contacting the medium under study.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Saeed Fateh, Mohammad Behshad Shafii, Mohammad Najafi, Cyrus Aghanajafi
Summary: Applying a magnetic field to ferrofluids alters their flow characteristics and enhances heat transfer. Through visualization and quantitative investigation, it is found that the magnetic field influences the flow patterns and velocity profiles, improving fluid mixing and vorticity magnitude.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Gao, Bingbing Wei, Xiaochuan Hu, Zaifeng Yao, Yiwen Fang, Xuejian Gao
Summary: In this study, a numerical model of sand triaxial test was established using discrete element software PFC3D, and an indoor triaxial test was conducted to calibrate the numerical model. The influence of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic mechanical response of sand was analyzed. The results showed that the friction coefficient had the greatest impact on the peak strength and residual strength of the sand's stress-strain curve, and it was positively correlated. The normal tangential stiffness ratio was negatively correlated, while the porosity and boundary flexibility stiffness had minimal influence on it.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xuan Liu, Jie Gong, Kai Jiang, Xiaojuan Lai, Yu Tian, Kang Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to improve the performance of lignite coal water slurries (CWSs) by synthesizing a series of three-arm amphiphilic block copolymers. By controlling the relative molecular weight, hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, and ionic group content, the apparent viscosity of CWSs was significantly reduced and the static stability was improved. Thermogravimetric testing and XPS analysis were conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the improved performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri, Daniel Fabijanic, Subrat Das
Summary: Fluidization at low pressure offers significant benefits for the fine chemical industry. This study investigates the behavior of bubbles and bed expansion under low pressure conditions. It is found that lower pressure leads to larger bubbles, increased bubble quantity, and higher aspect ratio. The predictability is affected by the inhomogeneous fluidization, but low pressure fluidization can generate similar bubble sizes with lower fluidizing mass compared to atmospheric pressure.
