Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiraphant Srisuriyachot, Sophie A. M. McNair, Yang Chen, Thomas Barthelay, Rob Gray, Jean Benezech, Igor P. Dolbnya, Richard Butler, Alexander J. G. Lunt
Summary: This paper investigates the feasibility of using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) for mapping fiber orientation and lattice strain in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The SXRD results are found to provide relatively accurate estimates of lattice strain, but discrepancies still exist compared to numerical simulation results.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Oleg A. Drozhzhin, Vladislav V. Grigoryev, Anastasia M. Alekseeva, Ruslan R. Samigullin, Dmitry A. Aksyonov, Olga Boytsova, Dmitry Chernyshov, Victor V. Shapovalov, Alexander A. Guda, Alexander Soldatov, Keith J. Stevenson, Artem M. Abakumov, Evgeny Antipov
Summary: Ti2Nb2O9 with a pseudo-2D layered morphology synthesized via ion exchange route exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 200 mAh g(-1) and shows a single-phase (de)lithiation mechanism with 4.8% unit cell volume change. Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) experiment reveals simultaneous Ti4+/Ti3+ and Nb5+/Nb4+ reduction/oxidation within the whole voltage range, showing great potential as a negative electrode material in high-performance LIBs.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Yueheng Zhang, J. Nicholas Porter, Matthew J. Wilkin, Ross Harder, Wonsuk Cha, Robert M. Suter, He Liu, Landon Schnebly, Richard L. Sandberg, Joshua A. Miller, Jon Tischler, Anastasios Pateras, Anthony D. Rollett
Summary: The recent introduction of a movable monochromator at the 34-ID-C endstation of the Advanced Photon Source has simplified the collection of Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) data from sub-micrometre scale samples by allowing multiple Bragg peaks to be observed. A workflow has been established for orienting and mapping nanocrystals on a different material substrate using scanning Laue diffraction microscopy. The developed algorithms and procedures have been demonstrated to be effective for both synthetic and experimental data.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Steve Gaudez, Kouider Abdellah Abdesselam, Hakim Gharbi, Zoltan Hegedus, Ulrich Lienert, Wolfgang Pantleon, Manas Vijay Upadhyay
Summary: Dislocation structures, formed during rapid solidification in 3D printed alloys, undergo significant evolution during subsequent solid-state thermal cycling, particularly during the addition of the first few layers above the layer of interest. This finding is crucial for designing alloy microstructures with desired mechanical responses.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Innes Deans, Douglas Stewart, Jenny Jones, Jason Kam, Bhoopesh Mishra
Summary: The study assessed the uptake and distribution of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in a seed-based Miscanthus hybrid grown in contaminated soil. The uptake of Zn and Pb increased in proportion to the soil concentrations by juvenile plants in a pot-trial. The accumulation of Zn and Pb differed between leaf and stem structures, and also between mature biomass and juvenile plants. X-Ray Absorption Fine Structures (XAFS) analysis revealed different Zn speciation in stems and leaves, as well as changes in Zn speciation with plant maturity. The dominant Zn species in juvenile plant leaves were sulfur ligands consistent with the presence of cysteine rich metallothioneins (MT) and phytochelatin (PC) complexes, along with octahedral O/N species typified by Zn-malate. Sulfur ligands were also prevalent in stems from juvenile plants, but the predominant O/N speciation shifted towards tetrahedral coordination. In contrast, tetrahedral Zn coordination with O/N species predominated in the mature biomass crop. The XAFS spectra for the mature biomass indicated that Zn was retained within cell walls as pectin and/or phosphate complexes.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Youhong Peng, Kesong Miao, Wei Sun, Chenglu Liu, Hao Wu, Lin Geng, Guohua Fan
Summary: Characterizing the microstructure and deformation mechanism of metallic materials is crucial for understanding the microstructure-property relationship. Advanced synchrotron radiation facilities have enabled non-destructive visualization of full-field structural information in three dimensions, contributing to significant progress in recent decades. Future innovations in next-generation synchrotron radiation and emerging technologies hold great potential for further advancements in material characterization.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ian C. Simcock, Susan C. Shelmerdine, J. Ciaran Hutchinson, Neil J. Sebire, Owen J. Arthurs
Summary: This protocol outlines the process of preparing and imaging human fetuses using microfocus computed tomography as a less invasive alternative to conventional autopsy. It allows for high-resolution isotropic datasets to be produced, enabling radio-pathological interpretations and long-term digital archiving for data sharing and re-review, as required.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Charles R. Fisher, Kelly E. Nygren, Armand J. Beaudoin
Summary: The shipbuilding industry is focusing on developing digital twin technology, but the lack of material processing data in simulations affects the accuracy of structural performance. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) techniques link digital information across multiple length scales to reduce the time and cost of physical testing needed for validation. This study validates the materials-informed digital twin method through physical specimen selection, finite-element analysis (FEA) based welding simulations, and comparison of predicted strain data with experimental results using energy dispersive diffraction (EDD) techniques.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Imed-Eddine Benrabah, Frederic Bonnet, Benoit Denand, Alexis Deschamps, Guillaume Geandier, Hugo P. Van Landeghem
Summary: Knowledge of phase transformation kinetics is crucial in designing steel grades, and a high-throughput approach has been developed to overcome traditional limitations, accelerating the design of low-alloy steel grades. The study of transformation mechanisms revealed the impact of solute drag on mobile interfaces.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cristiano Dela Piccolla, Dean Hesterberg, Takashi Muraoka, Etelvino Henrique Novotny
Summary: Selecting pyrolysis parameters for recycling P-rich and hazardous biowastes, such as bones, into fertilizers remains a challenge. The study showed that bone chars largely composed of hydroxyapatite can be produced by managing pyrolysis conditions, leading to bone chars with different chemical, physical and crystallographic properties for different purposes, such as high solubility or slow P release.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunhui Chen, Samuel J. Clark, David M. Collins, Sebastian Marussi, Simon A. Hunt, Danielle M. Fenech, Thomas Connolley, Robert C. Atwood, Oxana Magdysyuk, Gavin J. Baxter, Martyn A. Jones, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Peter D. Lee
Summary: The study revealed the governing mechanistic behaviour and microstructural evolution during Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing (DED-AM) using unique imaging and diffraction techniques, enhancing the understanding of solidification process and stress development in the alloy.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
C. Yildirim, C. Jessop, J. Ahlstrom, C. Detlefs, Y. Zhang
Summary: Assessing local residual stress and orientation within steel grains at nanometer resolution remains challenging. Using dark field X-ray microscopy, 3D lattice variations in pearlitic steel were mapped, showing orientation variations and compressive elastic strain. These variations impact manufacturing processes and mechanical properties, but there is no direct correlation between measured compressive strain and lattice orientation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Ana Iglesias-Juez, Gian Luca Chiarello, Gregory S. Patience, M. Olga Guerrero-Perez
Summary: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a technique used to measure electron absorption spectra and study chemical bonds on catalyst surfaces. Researchers are developing new X-ray sources to measure catalyst stability and handle toxic substances.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fei Long, Yu Luo, Nima N. Badr, Oksana Shiman, Matthew Topping, Suraj Y. Persaud, Zhongwen Yao, Laurent K. Beland, Mark R. Daymond
Summary: The crystal structure of the hydride induced by water quenching in Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube was identified using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and TEM nano-beam electron diffraction, showing a transition from gamma' phase to gamma and delta phases during room temperature aging, confirming its metastable nature. The amount of gamma' phase increased with quenching temperature, while the delta phase changed inversely. Additionally, in-situ heating experiments showed that the gamma' phase was present up to 278 degrees C, with transformation into delta hydride upon heating.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Cedric Corley-Wiciak, Carsten Richter, Marvin H. Zoellner, Ignatii Zaitsev, Costanza L. Manganelli, Edoardo Zatterin, Tobias U. Schulli, Agnieszka A. Corley-Wiciak, Jens Katzer, Felix Reichmann, Wolfgang M. Klesse, Nico W. Hendrickx, Amir Sammak, Menno Veldhorst, Giordano Scappucci, Michele Virgilio, Giovanni Capellini
Summary: The Bravais lattice parameters of a strained Ge quantum well grown on a SiGe/Si virtual substrate hosting two hole spin qubits are determined using synchrotron-based scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy. The three-dimensional spatial dependence of the six strain tensor components is rendered with a lateral resolution of approximately 50 nm. Different spatial scales governing the strain field fluctuations in proximity of the qubits are observed, with short-ranged fluctuations linked to compressive stressing action and longer-ranged fluctuations associated with misfit dislocations in the virtual substrate.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susannah Holmes, Henry J. Kirkwood, Richard Bean, Klaus Giewekemeyer, Andrew Martin, Marjan Hadian-Jazi, Max O. Wiedorn, Dominik Oberthuer, Hugh Marman, Luigi Adriano, Nasser Al-Qudami, Sasa Bajt, Imrich Barak, Sadia Bari, Johan Bielecki, Sandor Brockhauser, Mathew A. Coleman, Francisco Cruz-Mazo, Cyril Danilevski, Katerina Doerner, Alfonso M. Ganan-Calvo, Rita Graceffa, Hans Fanghor, Michael Heymann, Matthias Frank, Alexander Kaukher, Yoonhee Kim, Bostjan Kobe, Juraj Knoska, Torsten Laurus, Romain Letrun, Luis Maia, Marc Messerschmidt, Markus Metz, Thomas Michelat, Grant Mills, Serguei Molodtsov, Diana C. F. Monteiro, Andrew J. Morgan, Astrid Muennich, Gisel E. Pena Murillo, Gianpietro Previtali, Adam Round, Tokushi Sato, Robin Schubert, Joachim Schulz, Megan Shelby, Carolin Seuring, Jonas A. Sellberg, Marcin Sikorski, Alessandro Silenzi, Stephan Stern, Jola Sztuk-Dambietz, Janusz Szuba, Martin Trebbin, Patrick Vagovic, Thomas Ve, Britta Weinhausen, Krzysztof Wrona, Paul Lourdu Xavier, Chen Xu, Oleksandr Yefanov, Keith A. Nugent, Henry N. Chapman, Adrian P. Mancuso, Anton Barty, Brian Abbey, Connie Darmanin
Summary: The European XFEL MHz SFX technique enables tracking of sub-microsecond structural changes in individual crystals, allowing for multi-hit serial crystallography. This technique overcomes the issue of radiation damage in traditional methods.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eugeniu Balaur, Catherine Sadatnajafi, Brian Abbey
Summary: Periodic subwavelength apertures can detect variations in the dielectric properties of the local sample environment by modifying plasmon resonances. Bimodal silver-based plasmonic colour filters show potential in molecular sensing and real-time monitoring of self-assembled monolayers. This technique enables dynamic monitoring of local environment changes without specific functionalization or labeling, and can be miniaturized for small sample analysis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Weihua Liu, Yuan Mei, Barbara Etschmann, Matthew Glenn, Colin M. MacRae, Sam C. Spinks, Chris G. Ryan, Joel Brugger, David J. Paterson
Summary: The incorporation mechanisms of germanium in sphalerite have been investigated through experiments and molecular simulations. It is found that germanium can be incorporated into sphalerite through charge balance or coupled substitution with other metal ions. This study provides insights into the formation and extraction processes of germanium in zinc ores.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengdong Han, Alan Levett, Mansour Edraki, Michael W. M. Jones, Daryl Howard, Gordon Southam
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the biogeochemical influences on tungsten mobilization in wolframite tailings through a high-resolution depth profile analysis. It was found that several indigenous bacteria associated with iron and sulfur were highly correlated with tungsten, arsenic, and rare earth elements in the tailings. The weathering of wolframite was accelerated by the biooxidation of metal sulfides, which resulted in the mobilization of tungsten species. The study also highlighted the potential economic value of reprocessing tungsten waste for valuable metal recovery.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anna Ermakova, Nima Razavi, Sandra Cabeza, Elzbieta Gadalinska, Mark Reid, Anna Paradowska, Supriyo Ganguly, Filippo Berto, Ali Mehmanparast
Summary: This study investigates the possibility of enhancing the fatigue life of low carbon steel components built through Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) by applying rolling and laser shock peening surface treatment techniques. Fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted on both surface treated and untreated specimens to analyze and compare their performance. The effects of specimen orientation, extraction location, and residual stresses on the fatigue behavior of WAAM built components were discussed. Texture analysis was also performed to provide insights into the advantages and disadvantages of different surface treatment techniques.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matthew Stevens, Eugeniu Balaur, Brian Abbey
Summary: We conducted simulations of a square flow focusing droplet generator device and studied its performance under different interfacial surface tension values and varying neck width. The lowest frequency of droplets was observed when the surface tension matched that of water-oil mixtures. Adding surfactant resulted in increased droplet frequency. The simulated flow behavior closely resembled the jetting and tip-streaming regimes, with high frequency, monodispersity, and small droplet size predicted to occur through modification of interfacial surface tension.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Masahiro Kuramochi, Henry J. Kirkwood, Jayanath C. P. Koliyadu, Romain Letrun, Raphael de Wijn, Chan Kim, Tomomi Masui, Kazuhiro Mio, Tatsuya Arai, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Adrian P. Mancuso, Tokushi Sato, Yuji C. Sasaki
Summary: This study performed dynamic experiments on rubber samples using diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB) method and observed the interaction between carbon black (CB) and polybutadiene (PB), revealing that the mobility of PB can be changed by the introduction of CB. These results suggest that the particle network can be flexibly controlled to adjust the performance of rubber.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Fatemeh Davoudi, Afshin Moradi, Therese M. M. Becker, John G. G. Lock, Brian Abbey, Davide Fontanarosa, Annette Haworth, Judith Clements, Rupert C. C. Ecker, Jyotsna Batra
Summary: Prostate cancer is a commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm and a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Personalized therapeutic strategies for this disease remain limited, but emerging biomarkers based on individual patient profiles and computer-assisted diagnostics have the potential to guide precision medicine. This review discusses screening methods, genetic aberrations, and phenotypic biomarkers for advanced prostate cancer, exploring their clinical implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction. Prognostic and treatment predictive biomarker discovery can improve patient management and personalized treatment regimens.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Yiping Wu, Chung Lun Pun, Pu Huang, Darrien Welsby, Peter Mutton, Anna Paradowska, Wenyi Yan
Summary: In heavy-haul railway systems, the high traction force in curved tracks accelerates rolling contact fatigue crack growth. However, there is limited research on the influence of creepage on this crack growth behavior. This paper proposes a numerical method to investigate non-proportional mixed-mode crack growth in the presence of severe creepage. Results show that lateral and spin creepages significantly affect the phase and magnitude of stress intensity factors, with spin creepage having a more detrimental effect.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengdong Han, Alan Levett, Mansour Edraki, Michael W. M. Jones, Daryl Howard, Gordon Southam
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using biogeochemical reprocessing for the decontamination of tungsten tailings and the recovery of valuable metals. It was found that while early-stage dissolution of tungsten minerals can occur, the formation of secondary tungsten minerals limits tungsten dissolution.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Trey W. Guest, Richard Bean, Raimund Kammering, Grant van Riessen, Adrian P. Mancuso, Brian Abbey
Summary: This article presents a phenomenological model of XFEL radiation that captures the observed shot-to-shot statistics using a simple time-dependent approximation. The model successfully reproduces non-stationary intensity fluctuations observed at the European XFEL while accurately representing the single-shot properties predicted by FEL theory. Compared to previous models, this approach provides a simple, robust, and computationally inexpensive method for generating statistical representations of XFEL radiation.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Sarlota Birnsteinova, Danilo E. Ferreira de Lima, Egor Sobolev, Henry J. Kirkwood, Valerio Bellucci, Richard J. Bean, Chan Kim, Jayanath C. P. Koliyadu, Tokushi Sato, Fabio Dall'Antonia, Eleni Myrto Asimakopoulou, Zisheng Yao, Khachiwan Buakor, Yuhe Zhang, Alke Meents, Henry N. Chapman, Adrian P. Mancuso, Pablo Villanueva-Perez, Patrik Vagovic
Summary: The high pulse intensity and repetition rate of the EuXFEL provide superior temporal resolution compared with other X-ray sources. When combined with MHz X-ray microscopy techniques, it offers an opportunity for superior contrast and spatial resolution in applications that require high temporal resolution. However, the stochastic nature of X-ray free-electron laser sources hampers the use of standard flat-field normalization methods in MHz X-ray microscopy experiments.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guanze He, Hongbing Yu, Phani Karamched, Junliang Liu, Felix Hofmann
Summary: Elastic interactions play a crucial role in controlling irradiation damage evolution, yet experimental investigation on this topic is largely lacking. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution on-axis transmission Kikuchi diffraction techniques to study the correlation between the evolution of irradiation-induced damage structures and the associated lattice strains in self-ion irradiated pure tungsten. The results revealed different dislocation loop structures depending on the sample thickness, indicating that free surfaces restrict the formation of extended defect structures observed in thicker samples. Strain analysis using high-resolution Kikuchi diffraction demonstrated the formation of crystallographically-oriented long-range strain fluctuations above 0.01 dpa and a decrease in total elastic energy above 0.1 dpa.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Connie Darmanin, Firoozeh Babayekhorasani, Andrew Formosa, Patrick Spicer, Brian Abbey
Summary: The use of monoolein/water mixtures in serial crystallography experiments using high-viscosity injectors results in significant departures from equilibrium behavior. This study successfully detected the changes in phase, viscosity, and flow behavior through a combination of polarization and rheology characterization techniques. The findings showed that HVI injection induced deformation and phase changes within the mixtures, which depended on sample composition and injection conditions. Additionally, shear-thinning behavior and increased heterogeneity near the capillary walls were observed under dynamic flow conditions. This is the first report to observe injection-induced dynamical behavior in MO/water mixtures under realistic flow conditions.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2024)
