Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Zhixin Wang, E. Yuyu, Jie Li, Tingting Du, Kun Wang, Xi Yao, Jianxin Jiang, Meng Wang, Shengguang Yuan
Summary: To overcome the flammable nature of bacterial cellulose (BC), researchers introduced zinc borate (ZnB) particles into BC via an ultrasound-assistant deposition process to fabricate a flame retardant and heat-insulating composite aerogel. The in situ synthesis of ZnB particles in BC improved its thermal stability without damaging its porous structure. The prepared composite aerogel exhibited excellent flame retardancy with a low heat release capacity of 8 J g-1 k-1.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yunting Zhao, Chen Dong, Jing Gao, Kegong Ning, Yongjun He
Summary: Multi-chambered flame retardant microcapsules (ZB-FRM) were prepared by Pickering emulsions polymerization, encapsulating bisphenol A-bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) with calcium alginate (CA) shells and introducing zinc borate (ZB). The aim was to improve the compatibility between BDP and aqueous polyacrylic acid (PAA), reduce flammability of PAA, suppress smoke generation, and enhance mechanical properties of the flame retardant coating. ZB-FRM showed good compatibility with PAA, increasing its limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 25.5% and vertical combustion level to V-0. ZB improved thermal stability, mechanical properties, and reduced smoke generation by 19.9%. However, ZB slightly inhibited the initial flame retardant mechanism of BDP, resulting in a slight decrease in LOI but still a 6.9% improvement compared to pure PAA.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Li Dang, Zhihui Lv, Xin Liu
Summary: The addition of 1 phr of ZB in polypropylene composites effectively improves flame retardancy and slows down the burning rate, resulting in reduced smoke production. The formation of a compact and graphitized char residue by ZB hinders heat diffusion and oxygen transmission, suppressing the combustion mechanism in the gas phase.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Ping Li, Lijuan Li, Lianmin Ji, Li Dang, Shengjie Lan, Donghai Zhu
Summary: To enhance the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP), an organic-inorganic hybrid material (MH@ZB-ODOPB) was developed. The hierarchical-structured particles (MH@ZB) were fabricated by depositing zinc borate (ZB) onto magnesium hydroxide (MH) through a heterogeneous deposition process. The modified MH@ZB-ODOPB was obtained by grafting 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) onto MH@ZB. The characterization revealed that ZB was loaded onto MH surface, and ODOPB was grafted on MH@ZB surface. The addition of 7.5 wt% MH@ZB-ODOPB into EP reduced the peak heat release rates, total heat release, total smoke production, and peak smoke production rates by 51.8%, 42.4%, 58.1%, and 66.1% respectively, according to the cone calorimetry test results. Furthermore, EP/MH@ZB-ODOPB showed a limiting oxygen index of 33%, indicating improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. The incorporation of MH@ZB-ODOPB also enhanced the mechanical properties of EP composites, while the double action of MH@ZB-ODOPB in condensed and gas phases was investigated through carbon residue and pyrolysis gas analysis.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Junbang Liu, Lijuan Zeng, Lianghui Ai, Tianci Feng, Ping Liu, Yuqin Xiong
Summary: Microcapsules based on melamine borate coated red phosphorus were used as a flame retardant in polyethylene, exhibiting superior performance when combined with zinc borate. Various analytical techniques were employed to investigate the flame retardant mechanism, revealing the formation of nonflammable gases and thermal stability of the residual char.
JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Zheng Yang, Xueting Chen, Shike Lu, Zhenhua Wang, Jiantong Li, Baoying Liu, Xiaomin Fang, Tao Ding, Yuanqing Xu
Summary: The ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by a titanate coupling agent to form a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR) when compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME). CaCO3 was used as a synergist with Ti-IFR to modify polyoxymethylene (POM). The flame-retardant properties and mechanism of the composites were analyzed, and it was found that Ti-IFR enhanced the gas phase flame retardant effect, while CaCO3 strengthened the barrier effect in the condensed phase. When used together, they exhibited excellent synergistic effect.
Article
Polymer Science
Xuesong Wang, Lu Li, Yuejin Tong, Yong Dai, Wendan Chen
Summary: The zinc borate/silica composite flame retardant showed enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties by increasing local concentration and generating an intumescent char layer. Compared to physical mixtures, it exhibited superior performance in both flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Linyuan Wang, Yue Wei, Hongbo Deng, Ruiqi Lyu, Jiajie Zhu, Yabing Yang
Summary: The study found that the addition of Pa-Ba to IFR can improve the flame retardancy of EP composites, leading to a reduction in the amount of IFR needed and expanding the application range of EP. The EP/14IFR/2Ba composite showed the highest LOI value and a significant decrease in PHRR compared to pure EP, indicating better carbonization quality.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhongying Ma, Dehai Meng, Zhihao Zhang, Yuhua Wang
Summary: The novel phytic acid-layered double hydroxide flame retardant significantly enhances the flame retardancy of PVA, with high char residue, improved peak release rate and heat release capacity, and visibly reduced burning rate. During combustion, the flame retardant effectively inhibits the melt-dripping of PVA, which is crucial for controlling fire spread. The synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of phosphorus-contained PA and inorganic LDH is proposed, and the composites also exhibit good mechanical properties, making the green flame retardant significant for polymer flame-retardant treatment.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Dong Yan, Dong Chen, Jia Tan, Liping Yuan, Zizhi Huang, Dongfang Zou, Penghao Sun, Qiang Tao, Jiyong Deng, Yunchu Hu
Summary: A new and efficient flame retardant, ATITP, was synthesized by a solvent-free method for enhancing the flame retardancy of poplar wood density boards. The flame retardant mechanism involving capturing combustion radicals, promoting charring, and inhibiting heat transfer was investigated. The density board treated with 20% ATITP exhibited an ultimate oxygen index (LOI) of 65.1%. Cone calorimetry analysis showed that the flame retardant reduced the total heat release (THR) by 73.9% compared to the pure density board, along with decreased heat release rate (HRR), CO, and CO2 production. Thermogravimetric infrared coupling and thermal cracking gas mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the flame retardant acted as both gas-phase and condensed-phase flame retardant, altering the thermal cracking pathway of wood powder. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ATITP-treated poplar density boards as flame retardant building materials.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zeng Lijuan, Yang Liu, Ai Lianghui, Ye Zhibin, Liu Ping
Summary: The flame-retardant properties of polyurethane containing ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide were investigated, and it was found that the addition of these compounds improved the thermal stability and flame-retardant performance. The addition of ammonium polyphosphate and aluminum hydroxide reduced the peak heat release rate and combustion heat, and exerted both condensed phase and gas phase flame retardant effects.
JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE EDITION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yumeng Cui, Hongjuan Wu, Man Zhang, Zhiyong Huo, Rui Duan, Jianzhong Xu, Hongqiang Qu
Summary: This study developed a waterproof and intumescent flame retardant system for epoxy resin by combining bio-based functional reagents and biopolymers. The results showed that the system significantly improved the flame retardancy and water resistance of the material. This research provides new possibilities for the application of epoxy resin.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Lianghui Ai, Shanshan Chen, Liu Yang, Ping Liu
Summary: The study developed an organic/inorganic synergistic flame retardant for polyethylene (PE) using CP-6B and ATH, achieving a high LOI and V-0 rating. The flame retardant mechanism was investigated through various techniques, showing the efficiency of ATH/CP-6B in both gas and condensed phases.
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Bo Xu, Siheng Zhao, Hao Shan, Lijun Qian, Jingyu Wang, Fei Xin
Summary: The aim of this study was to improve the smoke suppression performance and flame-retardant effect of a phosphorus-based bifunctional flame retardant/expandable graphite binary flame-retardant system by incorporating two boron-containing inorganic compounds. The results showed that the boron-containing inorganic compounds inhibited smoke/heat release by accelerating crosslinking and char formation, promoting phosphorus retention in the solid phase.
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Elpida Piperopoulos, Giuseppe Scionti, Mario Atria, Luigi Calabrese, Edoardo Proverbio
Summary: This paper aims to develop and optimize flame-retardant coatings for naval applications. The study investigates the effect of adding magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide fillers in an acrylic carrier on the fire resistance of the coatings. The results show that the coatings based on aluminum and magnesium hydroxides exhibit favorable fire resistance, particularly for short times of exposure to direct flames.
Article
Polymer Science
Tetsu Sato, Mariko Takahashi, Takeshi Saito, Masahito Toyonaga, Itsuo Tanuma, Rie Yamada, Satoru Hosoda
Summary: An automatic evaluation system for photooxidation has been developed and successfully applied to assess the photo-OIT of LDPE samples containing photooxidation stabilizers. The system allows independent setting of various measurement conditions and provides detailed information on the photooxidation process.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Zongzheng Zuo, Shuxue Zhou
Summary: In this study, three fluoroalkyl trimethoxysilane (FATMS) additives with different chain lengths were incorporated into a two-component polyurethane clearcoat to improve its hydrophobic durability. The coatings modified with FATMS maintained their surface hydrophobicity under various conditions, but quickly lost it when exposed to both UV irradiation and/or high temperature with water. The results suggest that the FATMS route is more suitable for indoor applications at room temperature.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Song Li, Feng Zhao, Xueya Wang, Zhihua Liu, Jingze Guo, Yutong Li, Shuangmei Tan, Zhenxiang Xin, Shuai Zhao, Lin Li
Summary: Green flame retardants have garnered attention for their environmental friendliness, but current options fall short in achieving high flame retardancy for flammable polymers and maintaining environmental protection. This study takes a two-pronged approach to address flame retardants and the flame-retardant process. An eco-friendly bio-based synergistic flame retardant (PAU), synthesized using phytic acid (PA) and urea (U), is used to create a flame retardant coating that can be directly applied to any surface shape using polydopamine as an adhesive. The resulting EPS-PAU exhibits excellent flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and light weight while only slightly increasing the density.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2024)
