Meta-topolin stimulates de novo shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in cassava

A novel protocol for de novo shoot organogenesis from cassava has been developed utilizing meta-topolin to stimulate shoot regeneration from leaf, petiole and stem internode explants. While use of meta-topolin alone was capable of inducing shoot regeneration, a two-stage system combining meta-topolin with 2,4-D in a first stage medium, followed by subculture onto elevated levels of meta-topolin, was superior for inducing multiple shoot regeneration events in more than 35% of explants in cultivar TME 7. Caulogenesis was achieved in eleven additional cultivars. Meta-topolin was also found to be beneficial for stimulating shoot regeneration from somatic embryos and cotyledon explants. The shoot organogenesis techniques described enhance the capacity of existing embryogenic systems and present previously unavailable morphogenic pathways for developing genetic transformation and gene editing technologies in cassava.