Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 119, Issue 26, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.264801
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Funding
- United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
- US Department of Energy, Offices of High Energy, and Nuclear Physics
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In niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities for particle acceleration, a decrease of the quality factor at lower fields-a so-called low field Q slope or LFQS-has been a long-standing unexplained effect. By extending the high Q measurement techniques to ultralow fields, we discover two previously unknown features of the effect: (i) saturation at rf fields lower than E-acc similar to 0.1 MV/m; (ii) strong degradation enhancement by growing thicker niobium pentoxide. Our findings suggest that the LFQS may be caused by the two level systems in the natural niobium oxide on the inner cavity surface, thereby identifying a new source of residual resistance and providing guidance for potential nonaccelerator low-field applications of SRF cavities.
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