Communicating with parents in neonatal intensive care units: The impact on parental stress

Objective: To analyse stress in parents whose infants with very low birth weight have just concluded high-level care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). More specifically, we aimed 1) to identify groups of parents in the NICU who are particularly at risk of experiencing stress, and 2) to explore the effects of clinical staffs' communication on parental stress. Methods: Our multi-center-study evaluated views from 1277 parents about care for 923 infants in 66 German NICUs. Answers were linked with separately evaluated medical outcomes of the infants. Separate generalised mixed models estimated the influence of personal, medical and communication-related characteristics on specific parental stress. Results: Parents of a younger age and those of infants with severe prognoses were more likely to experience stress. While empathetic communication as one aspect of staffs' communication was shown as appropriate in reducing parental stress, an initial introduction and the quantity of information were only slightly associated with lower levels of stress. Conclusion: Results provide evidence for the need to involve parents empathetically from the beginning of their child's stay in the NICU. Practice implications: Staff in the NICU should communicate empathetically and help to reduce stress in parents particularly at risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.