Article
Sport Sciences
Camila S. Padilha, Paola S. Cella, Patricia Chimin, Fabricio A. Voltarelli, Poliana C. Marinello, Mayra Tardelli de Jesus Testa, Philippe B. Guirro, Jose A. R. Duarte, Rubens Cecchini, Flavia A. Guarnier, Rafael Deminice
Summary: The study found that resistance training (RT) can prevent myofiber atrophy and reduce muscle strength in tumor-bearing rats, and this effect is associated with the activation of mTORC1. However, the preventive effect of RT on myofiber atrophy in tumor-bearing rats does not depend on the activation of mTORC1 and p70S6K.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steffen H. Raun, Kristian Buch-Larsen, Peter Schwarz, Lykke Sylow
Summary: Metabolic dysfunction is a common comorbidity of many types of cancers, and exercise may have a positive impact on correcting this condition. However, there is limited research on the effects of exercise on cancer-associated metabolic disruption, highlighting the need for further investigation. Future studies should aim to clarify how exercise can correct metabolic dysfunction in cancer patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Steffen H. Raun, Mona S. Ali, Xiuqing Han, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, T. C. Phung Pham, Roberto Meneses-Valdes, Jonas R. Knudsen, Anna C. H. Willemsen, Steen Larsen, Thomas E. Jensen, Ramon Langen, Lykke Sylow
Summary: The study investigates the role of AMPK in cancer-associated metabolic dysfunction and cachexia. The findings suggest that AMPK plays a protective role by regulating multiple proteins crucial for glucose metabolism. This highlights the potential for targeting AMPK as a therapeutic approach for cancer-related metabolic dysfunction and cachexia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenlan Li, Jennifer Trieu, Ronnie Blazev, Benjamin L. Parker, Kate T. Murphy, Kristy Swiderski, Gordon S. Lynch
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a common condition in cancer patients, where loss of skeletal muscle mass affects treatment response and quality of life. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural antioxidant found in cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to decrease oxidative stress. This study investigated whether SFN could attenuate muscle wasting induced by cancer cells and chemotherapy, and found that SFN was able to prevent muscle atrophy and activate antioxidant signaling pathways.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Michael R. Deyhle, Chandler S. Callaway, Daria Neyroud, Andrew C. D'Lugos, Sarah M. Judge, Andrew R. Judge
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that anti-Ly6G treatment reduced cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting in a pancreatic cancer model, possibly by decreasing the number of Ly6G+ cells in the tumor and skeletal muscle.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trace Thome, Kyoungrae Kim, Gengfu Dong, Terence E. E. Ryan
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 700 million people worldwide and leads to the loss of muscle mass and function. Mitochondrial and redox alterations have been found to be involved in CKD-associated myopathy, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Effective treatments to improve muscle health in CKD are still lacking.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenlan Li, Kristy Swiderski, Kate T. Murphy, Gordon S. Lynch
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a progressive muscle wasting and weakness experienced by cancer patients, which can compromise treatment response and reduce quality of life. It has no effective treatment currently, but plant-derived antioxidants, especially polyphenols, show potential in attenuating cancer-related muscle loss.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Deena B. Snoke, Yuko Nishikawa, Rachel M. Cole, Ai Ni, Austin Angelotti, Yael Vodovotz, Martha A. Belury
Summary: The study suggests that dietary supplementation of naringenin can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, slow down body weight loss, and delay tumor growth in cancer cachexia. However, it also accelerates anorexia and weight loss in the experimental mice.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Pengfei Ren, Xinyue Yu, Qingjuan Tang, Yuchen Huan, Jie Xu, Yuming Wang, Changhu Xue
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether astaxanthin ameliorates weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy in sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma mice. The results showed that astaxanthin significantly delayed weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy in sorafenib-treated mice, without affecting food intake. Astaxanthin enhanced glucose competition in skeletal muscle by targeting the PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway, thereby slowing skeletal muscle atrophy. These findings indicate the significant potential of astaxanthin as a nutritional supplement for cancer patients and the importance of implementing nutritional interventions at the initiation of cancer treatment rather than waiting for cachexia to occur.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christiano R. R. Alves, Eric J. Eichelberger, Willian das Neves, Marcio A. C. Ribeiro, Luiz R. G. Bechara, Vanessa A. Voltarelli, Ney R. de Almeida, Lars Hagen, Animesh Sharma, Julio C. B. Ferreira, Kathryn J. Swoboda, Geir Slupphaug, Patricia C. Brum
Summary: The study found that tumor-bearing rats exhibited severe muscle atrophy exclusively in glycolytic fibers, with no significant changes in oxidative muscles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruno Luiz da Silva Pieri, Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues, Hemelin Resende Farias, Gustavo de Bem Silveira, Victoria de Souza Gomes da Cunha Ribeiro, Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira, Claudio Teodoro De Souza
Summary: Insulin resistance is the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and oxidative stress may play a role in this process. This study found that NAC supplementation improved insulin resistance and blood glucose levels by reducing oxidative stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabeth Wyart, Myriam Y. Hsu, Roberta Sartori, Erica Mina, Valentina Rausch, Elisa S. Pierobon, Mariarosa Mezzanotte, Camilla Pezzini, Laure B. Bindels, Andrea Lauria, Fabio Penna, Emilio Hirsch, Miriam Martini, Massimiliano Mazzone, Antonella Roetto, Simonetta Geninatti Crich, Hans Prenen, Marco Sandri, Alessio Menga, Paolo E. Porporato
Summary: Cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by severe muscle atrophy, particularly common in cancer patients, with limited knowledge on its mechanisms. This study found significant alterations in iron metabolism in the skeletal muscle of cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice, with modulation of iron levels directly influencing muscle mass. Iron supplementation was shown to preserve muscle function, mass, and even improve strength in a short time frame, refueling mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and energy production.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriela S. de Castro, Joanna Correia-Lima, Estefania Simoes, Camila E. Orsso, Jingjie Xiao, Leonardo R. Gama, Silvio P. Gomes, Daniela Caetano Goncalves, Raquel G. F. Costa, Katrin Radloff, Ulrike Lenz, Anna E. Taranko, Fang Chia Bin, Fernanda B. Formiga, Louisie G. L. de Godoy, Rafael P. de Souza, Luis H. A. Nucci, Mario Feitoza, Claudio C. de Castro, Flavio Tokeshi, Paulo S. M. Alcantara, Jose P. Otoch, Alexandre F. Ramos, Alessandro Laviano, Dario Coletti, Vera C. Mazurak, Carla M. Prado, Marilia Seelaender
Summary: This study found that the content of myokines in skeletal muscle, plasma, and tumors is impacted by cachexia, with decreased FSTL-1 expression in skeletal muscle and increased levels of FABP3, IL-15, and irisin found in cachectic patients. Additionally, indices of lumbar adipose tissue and muscularity were lower in cachexia patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brandon N. VanderVeen, Thomas D. Cardaci, Patrice Cunningham, Sierra J. McDonald, Brooke M. Bullard, Daping Fan, E. Angela Murphy, Kandy T. Velazquez
Summary: Cachexia diagnosis is associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare cost for cancer patients, and most cachectic patients do not survive treatment. Treatment complexity is amplified by both the underlying malignancy and anti-cancer therapy, which can independently promote cachexia. Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, shows potential in protecting against cancer and chemotherapy-induced dysfunction, but its efficacy in maintaining muscle mass in tumor-bearing animals undergoing chemotherapy has not been studied. In this study, quercetin was found to protect against cancer and chemotherapy-induced muscle mass loss through improvement of mitochondrial homeostatic balance.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Agnes Martin, Damien Freyssenet
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome that leads to decreased skeletal muscle mass, impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, faulty mechanisms of muscle repair, and disrupted muscle function. Early diagnosis of cachexia in cancer patients can be achieved through imaging techniques and standardized muscle strength tests.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Justin P. Hardee, Karen J. B. Martins, Paula M. Miotto, James G. Ryall, Stefan M. Gehrig, Boris Reljic, Timur Naim, Jin D. Chung, Jen Trieu, Kristy Swiderski, Ashleigh M. Philp, Andrew Philp, Matthew J. Watt, David A. Stroud, Rene Koopman, Gregory R. Steinberg, Gordon S. Lynch
Summary: The study demonstrates that low-frequency electrical stimulation can promote metabolic and mitochondrial remodeling in dystrophic muscles in mice, offering therapeutic potential for ameliorating dystrophic pathology and protecting against injury.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Justin P. Hardee, Marissa K. Caldow, Audrey S. M. Chan, Stuart K. Plenderleith, Jennifer Trieu, Rene Koopman, Gordon S. Lynch
Summary: The study showed that in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, the regulation of core clock and mitochondrial quality control in muscles is impaired, suggesting relevance to DMD and related disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Brittany R. Counts, Jessica L. Halle, James A. Carson
Summary: This study found that cancer-induced skeletal muscle mass loss is a critical characteristic of cachexia. It also found that early-onset physical inactivity and altered systemic lipid oxidation in LLC tumor-bearing mice were associated with the eventual development of cachexia.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jessica L. Halle, Brittany R. Counts-Franch, Rose M. Prince, James A. Carson
Summary: This study showed that mechanical signaling induced growth stimulus and preserved MyHC-Fast protein expression in myotubes pre-incubated with conditioned media, independent of changes in mRNA expression.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Geremy Clair, Lisa M. Bramer, Ravi Misra, Matthew D. McGraw, Soumyaroop Bhattacharya, Joseph A. Kitzmiller, Song Feng, Vincent G. Danna, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Harsh Bhotika, Heidie L. Huyck, Gail H. Deutsch, Thomas J. Mariani, James P. Carson, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Gloria S. Pryhuber, Joshua N. Adkins, Charles Ansong
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the human lung proteome during development, revealing distinct molecular substages of alveolar development and evidence of post-transcriptional control in early postnatal development. The study also supports the extensive remodeling of the lung proteome during development and the concept of immune system maturation as an inherent part of normal lung development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashley J. Ovens, Yi Sing Gee, Naomi X. Y. Ling, Dingyi Yu, Justin P. Hardee, Jin D. Chung, Kevin R. W. Ngoei, Nicholas J. Waters, Nolan J. Hoffman, John W. Scott, Kim Loh, Katrin Spengler, Regine Heller, Michael W. Parker, Gordon S. Lynch, Fei Huang, Sandra Galic, Bruce E. Kemp, Jonathan B. Baell, Jonathan S. Oakhill, Christopher G. Langendorf
Summary: AMPK is a cellular energy sensor and regulator of energy homeostasis. Activating AMPK shows potential for treating type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Recent studies suggest that the ??202??1 isoform combination is primarily responsible for these effects. Structure/function analysis of SC4 activator led to the discovery of MSG010 and MSG011, which show greater potency in activating ??202??1 AMPK compared to MK-8722. These findings guide the development of selective AMPK activators.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mehdi Chaib, Laura M. M. Sipe, Johnathan R. R. Yarbro, Margaret S. S. Bohm, Brittany R. R. Counts, Ubaid Tanveer, Ajeeth K. K. Pingili, Deidre Daria, Tony N. N. Marion, James A. A. Carson, Paul G. G. Thomas, Liza Makowski
Summary: This study investigates the effect of PKC agonists on MDSC expansion, differentiation, and recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. The results demonstrate that PKC agonists decrease MDSC expansion and induce their differentiation to an APC-like phenotype. Additionally, PKC agonists enhance MDSC cross-priming capacity and reduce their suppressive activity. Furthermore, the combination of PKC agonists with CD40 agonist leads to reduced tumor growth and increased activated CD8(+) T cells in a breast cancer mouse model.
Review
Physiology
C. David Hughes, P. Justin Hardee, S. David Waddell, A. Craig Goodman
Summary: Gene delivery strategy has been used to study muscular disorders and muscle physiology. This review provides a detailed protocol on how to efficiently electroporate plasmid DNA into rodent skeletal muscles, discussing key parameters and tissue processing methods.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Francesca M. Alves, Kai Kysenius, Marissa K. Caldow, Justin P. Hardee, Jin D. Chung, Jennifer Trieu, Dominic J. Hare, Peter J. Crouch, Scott Ayton, Ashley Bush, Gordon S. Lynch, Rene Koopman
Summary: Muscle tissues from dystrophic mice showed increased iron levels and dysregulated iron-related proteins associated with the pathology. Muscle iron levels were manipulated by iron chelation and iron-enriched feed, with chelation reducing fibrosis and reactive oxygen species but suppressing certain proteins, while iron supplementation increased specific proteins without altering other aspects of pathology.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Justin P. Hardee, James A. Carson
Summary: Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction are significant factors contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The complex pathophysiology of cachexia involves disruptions to the systemic cancer environment and interactions with various tissues. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of how resistance-type exercise impacts mechanisms involved in cancer-induced muscle wasting, particularly focusing on the role of IL-6 and gp130 receptors. The authors also discuss the gaps in knowledge and future research directions to improve preclinical studies and translate findings to human patients with cancer.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica L. Halle, Brittany R. Counts, Quan Zhang, James A. Carson
Summary: FOLFOX chemotherapy induces persistent deficits in physical function, but short-duration aerobic exercise can partially reverse this.
Article
Biology
Laura M. Sipe, Mehdi Chaib, Emily B. Korba, Heejoon Jo, Mary Camille Lovely, Brittany R. Counts, Ubaid Tanveer, Jeremiah R. Holt, Jared C. Clements, Neena A. John, Deidre Daria, Tony N. Marion, Margaret S. Bohm, Radhika Sekhri, Ajeeth K. Pingili, Bin Teng, James A. Carson, D. Neil Hayes, Matthew J. Davis, Katherine L. Cook, Joseph F. Pierre, Liza Makowski
Summary: Bariatric surgery can protect against obesity-exacerbated breast cancer progression, but it is less effective than dietary intervention in reducing tumor burden. After surgery, tumors display increased inflammation and expression of immune checkpoint ligands, while dietary intervention shows resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Additionally, there are conserved molecular changes between bariatric surgery and breast cancer progression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica K. K. Lukowski, Heather Olson, Marija Velickovic, Juan Wang, Jennifer E. E. Kyle, Young-Mo Kim, Sarah M. M. Williams, Ying Zhu, Heidi L. L. Huyck, Matthew D. D. McGraw, Cory Poole, Lisa Rogers, Ravi Misra, Theodore Alexandrov, Charles Ansong, Gloria S. S. Pryhuber, Geremy Clair, Joshua N. N. Adkins, James P. P. Carson, Christopher R. R. Anderton
Summary: Human disease states are complex and understanding the characteristics of diseases at different levels, cell types, and microanatomical tissue compartments is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of diseases. To accurately observe the molecular landscape in human lungs, it is necessary to use special methods to maintain tissue integrity and molecular stability. By optimizing mass spectrometry imaging methods, unique lipid distributions in different airway regions of the lungs can be observed, and high-resolution proteomic analysis reveals the specific localization of certain proteins in these airway regions. The inflation method shows better results compared to other preservation methods. Through various experiments, we can begin to uncover the spatial connections between the metabolome, lipidome, and proteome in human lungs and across different disease states.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Audrey S. M. Chan, Narelle E. McGregor, Ingrid J. Poulton, Justin P. Hardee, Ellie H-J Cho, T. John Martin, Paul Gregorevic, Natalie A. Sims, Gordon S. Lynch
Summary: The development and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system depend on the relationship between muscle and bone. Inducing muscle hypertrophy in mice can lead to changes in bone shape in early adulthood.